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Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Nov 2001A steady increase in the frequency of invasive fungal infections has been observed in the past 2 decades, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. In recipients of... (Review)
Review
A steady increase in the frequency of invasive fungal infections has been observed in the past 2 decades, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. In recipients of bone marrow transplants, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus remain the primary pathogens. In many centers, however, Candida species other than C albicans now predominate, and many cases of aspergillosis are due to species other than A fumigatus. Additionally, heretofore unrecognized and/or uncommon fungal pathogens are beginning to emerge, including Blastoschizomyces capitatus, Fusarium species, Malassezia furfur, and Trichosporon beigelii. These opportunistic fungal pathogens are associated with various localized and disseminated clinical syndromes, and with substantial morbidity and mortality. These established, invasive mycoses, particularly in bone marrow transplant recipients, are the focus of this discussion.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Candida; Candidiasis; Fusarium; Humans; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Risk Factors; Trichosporon
PubMed: 11757845
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia Apr 2021Trichosporon beigelii is a non-pathogenic fungus that can however become an opportunist agent of disseminating and potentially fatal infections, especially in...
Trichosporon beigelii is a non-pathogenic fungus that can however become an opportunist agent of disseminating and potentially fatal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In the literature, there are only 11 published cases of infective endocarditis due to T. beigelii. Most of these cases involved immunocompetent individuals and the main risk factor was the presence of a prosthetic valve. The longest interval between surgery and endocarditis was eight years. In the present study, a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to T. beigelii is reported in an immunocompetent patient 11 years after mitral valve replacement. As with similar cases, low clinical suspicion and negative blood cultures delayed the beginning of antifungal therapy and cardiac surgery. Considering the high mortality and severity of T. beigelii endocarditis, it should be considered when there is a prosthetic valve infection with negative blood cultures, irrespective of the time elapsed since the previous surgery.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Mitral Valve
PubMed: 33752978
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2018.04.013 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 1995The most common yeast species that act as agents of human disease are Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus... (Review)
Review
The most common yeast species that act as agents of human disease are Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The incidence of infections by other yeasts has increased during the past decade. The most evident emerging pathogens are Malassezia furfur, Trichosporon beigelii, Rhodotorula species, Hansenula anomala, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida krusei. Organisms once considered environmental contaminants or only industrially important, such as Candida utilis and Candida lipolytica, have now been implicated as agents of fungemia, onychomycosis, and systemic disease. The unusual yeasts primarily infect immunocompromised patients, newborns, and the elderly. The role of central venous catheter removal and antifungal therapy in patient management is controversial. The antibiograms of the unusual yeasts range from resistant to the most recent azoles and amphotericin B to highly susceptible to all antifungal agents. Current routine methods for yeast identification may be insufficient to identify the unusual yeasts within 2 days after isolation. The recognition of unusual yeasts as agents of sometimes life-threatening infection and their unpredictable antifungal susceptibilities increase the burden on the clinical mycology laboratory to pursue complete species identification and MIC determinations. Given the current and evolving medical practices for management of seriously ill patients, further evaluations of the clinically important data about these yeasts are needed.
Topics: Carrier State; Humans; Mycoses; Organ Specificity; Yeasts
PubMed: 8665465
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.8.4.462 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Nov 1994
Review
Topics: Adult; Dermatomycoses; Fatal Outcome; Fungemia; Humans; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute; Male; Neutropenia; Shock, Septic; Trichosporon
PubMed: 7701893
DOI: 10.2340/0001555574481482 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1995Sera from patients with systemic infections caused by the opportunistic fungus Trichosporon beigelii have been shown to cross-react with anticryptococcal antibodies. We... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Detection and quantitation of the glucuronoxylomannan-like polysaccharide antigen from clinical and nonclinical isolates of Trichosporon beigelii and implications for pathogenicity.
Sera from patients with systemic infections caused by the opportunistic fungus Trichosporon beigelii have been shown to cross-react with anticryptococcal antibodies. We quantitatively compared the amounts of antigen produced and examined the expression of O-acetyl epitopes from 35 strains of T. beigelii isolated from deep and superficial infections. By counterimmunoelectrophoresis, 10 of 10 isolates from deep infections were positive for polysaccharide, compared with 7 of 13 isolates from superficial infections (P = 0.02). All 23 strains tested were positive for polysaccharide when screened by immunodot. By enzyme immunoassay, the cross-reactive antigen produced by deep isolates (n = 9) had a mean titer of 1:5,500. In contrast, superficial isolates (n = 22) produced significantly less antigen than the deep isolates (P < 0.001), with a mean titer of 1:700. Isolates from environmental sources (n = 3) were similar to the superficial isolates, with a mean titer of 1:600. The mean concentrations +/- standard errors of cross-reactive polysaccharide released by deep isolates and superficial isolates were 3.09 +/- 0.44 and 1.74 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml, respectively, when measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (P = 0.02). O-Acetyl epitopes were detected on polysaccharide from 8 of 9 strains of T. beigelii isolated from deep sources, while only 2 of 12 superficial isolates expressed detectable O-acetyl epitopes (P = 0.01). Thus, while all isolates of T. beigelii tested were capable of producing glucuronoxylomannan-like cross-reactive antigen, pathogenic isolates produced significantly more antigen than superficial or environmental isolates. Furthermore, significantly more pathogenic isolates than superficial or environmental isolates expressed antigen that was O acetylated.
Topics: Acetylation; Antigens, Bacterial; Blood; Cross Reactions; Cryptococcus; Epitopes; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Mycoses; Polysaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Skin; Sputum; Trichosporon
PubMed: 7535310
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.126-130.1995 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... May 2019Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte, is a fungal infection of the body. Ocular involvement due to dermatophytes can present as eyelid infestation. Various cases...
BACKGROUND
Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte, is a fungal infection of the body. Ocular involvement due to dermatophytes can present as eyelid infestation. Various cases of retinochoroiditis have been reported secondary to infective etiology such as Toxoplasma gondii, Candida albicans, Trichosporon beigelii, and Sporotrichum schenkii. However, retinochoroiditis secondary to fungal infection of the skin caused by T. corporis has not been reported in the past.
FINDINGS
A 45-year-old female presented with blurring of vision in the left eye for the last 20 days with a history of very severe itching on the abdomen and back. She had been diagnosed to have T. corporis infection by a dermatologist in the past, however, was non-compliant with the treatment. Anterior segment was within normal limits. Fundus examination of the right eye was normal and left eye showed a diffuse yellowish retinochoroiditis patch with irregular margins at the inferotemporal arcade. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the left eye through the macula showed shallow subretinal fluid with hyperreflective dots and passing through the retinochoroitidis patch showed increased retinal thickening with a pigment epithelial detachment and subretinal fluid. Left eye fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed three hyperfluorescent areas along the inferotemporal arcade increasing in size and intensity with blurring of margins in the late phases. She had extensive reddish color erythematous plaque-like skin lesions over the abdomen and back. Treatment with oral itraconazole resulted in complete resolution of retinochoroiditis. Itraconazole is an orally active, triazole anti-fungal agent found to be effective in the management of dermatomycosis.
CONCLUSION
We report this case to highlight that one must rule out an infective etiology of retinochoroiditis before starting oral corticosteroids as it may worsen the infection especially fungal as in our patient. A detailed medical history and thorough examination helped us in diagnosing a systemic infective pathology and the possible cause of retinochoroiditis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of infective retinochoroiditis secondary to T. corporis to be reported.
PubMed: 31131426
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-019-0173-z -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 1995Candida lusitaniae and Trichosporon beigelii may cause life-threatening infections in the immunocompromised host and may be resistant to amphotericin B. We assessed the...
Candida lusitaniae and Trichosporon beigelii may cause life-threatening infections in the immunocompromised host and may be resistant to amphotericin B. We assessed the activities of a new triazole, D0870, against one T. beigelii and four C. lusitaniae strains, in comparison with those of fluconazole and amphotericin B. Immunosuppressed CF1 mice, intravenously infected with each fungal strain, received 3 days of therapy with oral D0870 (5 or 25 mg/kg of body weight daily), fluconazole (5 to 50 mg/kg daily), or parenteral amphotericin B (1 or 2 mg/kg daily). Survival was significantly prolonged and kidney fungus titers were reduced in mice treated with D0870 compared with untreated mice (P < or = 0.05). Treatment with D0870 was significantly more effective than that with amphotericin B or fluconazole in animals infected with two of the C. lusitaniae strains and equally effective for the remaining two C. lusitaniae strains and the T. beigelii strain. Fluconazole and amphotericin B failed to improve the survival of mice infected with one and two C. lusitaniae strains, respectively. D0870 was active against all the organisms tested, including those resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Male; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses; Triazoles; Trichosporon
PubMed: 7726538
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.39.2.571 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1985Latex beads coated with anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody were agglutinated by serum from a bone marrow transplant recipient having a disseminated infection caused...
Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated Trichosporon infection.
Latex beads coated with anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody were agglutinated by serum from a bone marrow transplant recipient having a disseminated infection caused by Trichosporon beigelii. The cryptococcal latex agglutination titer in the serum of the patient rose to 1:2,560 by the time of his death. Necropsy confirmed the disseminated Trichosporon infection and absence of C. neoformans. Cell wall extracts of the isolate of the patient and two additional strains of T. beigelii agglutinated anti-Cryptococcus-coated latex beads. The antigen in the serum of the patient and in the extracts responsible for the agglutination was not destroyed by proteolytic enzymes or heat. A single antigen reactive with rabbit anti-Trichosporon serum could be identified in the serum of the patient and the cell wall extracts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining demonstrated that anti-Trichosporon antibody recognized the capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, Fungal; Cell Wall; Cross Reactions; Cryptococcus neoformans; Humans; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycoses; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 3889042
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.21.5.681-685.1985 -
Genitourinary Medicine Oct 1989To assess the occurrence of white piedra and the asymptomatic carriage rate of T beigelii, 100 heterosexual and 49 homosexual/bisexual men were entered into the study....
To assess the occurrence of white piedra and the asymptomatic carriage rate of T beigelii, 100 heterosexual and 49 homosexual/bisexual men were entered into the study. White piedra of the scrotal hair was discovered in a total of four (2.7%) patients (two heterosexual, one homosexual and one bisexual), while in addition a positive scrotal culture for T beigelii was noted in a further seven (4.8%) patients (four heterosexual and three homosexual). Rectal carriage rates were 1% in the heterosexual and 4% in the homosexual/bisexual groups, while there was no pharyngeal carriage in either group.
Topics: Hair; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Piedra; Rectum; Scrotum; Trichosporon; United Kingdom
PubMed: 2583717
DOI: 10.1136/sti.65.5.331 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1990We observed considerable variability in colony and microscopic morphology among isolates of Trichosporon beigelii. Deeply invasive clinical isolates showed four distinct...
We observed considerable variability in colony and microscopic morphology among isolates of Trichosporon beigelii. Deeply invasive clinical isolates showed four distinct morphotypes and spontaneous conversions among certain morphotypes and grew well at 37 degrees C. In contrast, superficial clinical and environmental isolates did not demonstrate such morphotypes or conversions, and most grew poorly at 37 degrees C. Thus, the morphologic and physiologic features of invasive clinical isolates of T. beigelii follow certain patterns distinct from those of superficial clinical and environmental isolates.
Topics: Genetic Variation; Humans; Phenotype; Pigmentation; Trichosporon
PubMed: 2280018
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.12.2823-2827.1990