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Heliyon Feb 2024Fog causes enhancement of bacterial loading in the atmosphere. Current study represents the impact of occurrences of fog on the alteration of diversity of airborne...
Fog causes enhancement of bacterial loading in the atmosphere. Current study represents the impact of occurrences of fog on the alteration of diversity of airborne bacteria and their network computed from metagenomic data of airborne samples collected at Arthauli (25.95°N, 85.10°E) situated at central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during 1-14 January 2021. A distinct bacterial diversity with a complex network is identified in foggy condition due to the enrichment of unique types of bacteria. Present investigation highlights a statistically significant enrichment of airborne pathogenic bacteria found in a unique ecosystem within air evolved due to the occurrences of fog over central IGP. In the foggy network, , an opportunistic pathogen, is identified to be interacting maximum (21 edges) with other bacteria with statistically significant copresence relation, which are responsible for various infections for human beings. A 40-60% increase (p < 0.01) in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria for respiratory and skin diseases is noticed in fog period. Among the fog-enriched bacteria, are examples of opportunistic bacteria causing various respiratory diseases, while can even cause skin cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
PubMed: 38420377
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26370 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Mar 2024It is still a serious public health issue that chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka poses challenges in identification, prevention, and...
It is still a serious public health issue that chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka poses challenges in identification, prevention, and treatment. What environmental factors in drinking water cause kidney damage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risks of various environmental factors that may induce CKDu, including water hardness, fluoride (HF), heavy metals (HM), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and their combined exposure (HFMM). The research focused on comprehensive metabolome analysis, and correlation with transcriptomic and gut microbiota changes. Results revealed that chronic exposure led to kidney damage and pancreatic toxicity in adult zebrafish. Metabolomics profiling showed significant alterations in biochemical processes, with enriched metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, folate biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, FoxO signaling pathway, lysosome, pyruvate metabolism, and purine metabolism. The network analysis revealed significant changes in metabolites associated with renal function and diseases, including 20-Hydroxy-LTE4, PS(18:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), Neuromedin N, 20-Oxo-Leukotriene E4, and phenol sulfate, which are involved in the fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids class. These metabolites were closely associated with the disrupted gut bacteria of g_ZOR0006, g_Pseudomonas, g_Tsukamurella, g_Cetobacterium, g_Flavobacterium, which belonged to dominant phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, etc., and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as egln3, ca2, jun, slc2a1b, and gls2b in zebrafish. Exploratory omics analyses revealed the shared significantly changed pathways in transcriptome and metabolome like calcium signaling and necroptosis, suggesting potential biomarkers for assessing kidney disease.
Topics: Animals; Drinking Water; Zebrafish; Sri Lanka; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Metabolome
PubMed: 38412632
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116149 -
PloS One 2024The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 can improve peanut growth. In this study, a co-culture system of strain P9 and peanut was...
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 can improve peanut growth. In this study, a co-culture system of strain P9 and peanut was established to analyze the transcriptome of peanut roots interacting with P9 for 24 and 72 h. During the early stage of co-culturing, genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca2+ signal transduction, ethylene synthesis, and cell wall pectin degradation were induced, and the up-regulation of phenylpropanoid derivative, flavonoid, and isoflavone synthesis enhanced the defense response of peanut. The enhanced expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, circadian rhythm regulation, indoleacetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and cytokinin decomposition promoted root growth and development. At the late stage of co-culturing, ethylene synthesis was reduced, whereas Ca2+ signal transduction, isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated, thereby maintaining root ROS homeostasis. Sugar decomposition and oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism were induced, and peanut growth was significantly promoted. Finally, the gene expression of seedlings inoculated with strain P9 exhibited temporal differences. The results of our study, which explored transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interacting with P9, provide a basis for elucidating the growth-promoting mechanism of this bacterial strain in peanut.
Topics: Arachis; Calcium; Seedlings; Ethylenes; Plant Roots; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Actinobacteria
PubMed: 38358983
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298303 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Nov 2023Tsukamurella spp. are obligate aerobic, gram-positive, non-motile, and slightly acid-fast bacilli belonging to the Actinomycetes family. They share many characteristics...
BACKGROUND
Tsukamurella spp. are obligate aerobic, gram-positive, non-motile, and slightly acid-fast bacilli belonging to the Actinomycetes family. They share many characteristics with Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and the rapidly growing Mycobacterium species. Therefore, standard testing may misidentify Tsukamurella spp. as another species. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical for proper infection management, but identification of this bacterium is difficult in the standard laboratory setting.
CASE PRESENTATION
A bloodstream infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and related to a central venous catheter was identified in an immunocompromised 2-year-old girl. Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens was identified by modified secA1 sequencing. Antibiotic treatment and removal of the central venous catheter resolved the infection. Inappropriate management of the catheter during an overnight stay outside of the hospital was considered as a possible source of infection.
CONCLUSIONS
SecA1 sequencing may be a useful diagnostic tool in the identification of T. tyrosinosolvens. Providing proper central venous catheter care instructions to patients, their families, and medical staff is important for infection prevention.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; Bacteria, Aerobic; Catheter-Related Infections; Central Venous Catheters; Sepsis
PubMed: 37940983
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00651-6 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023species have been clinically regarded as rare but emerging opportunistic pathogens causing various infections in humans. pneumonia has often been misdiagnosed as...
species have been clinically regarded as rare but emerging opportunistic pathogens causing various infections in humans. pneumonia has often been misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis due to its clinical presentation resembling tuberculosis-like syndromes. species have also been confused in the laboratory with other phylogenetic bacteria, such as . This study aimed to investigate the clinical, microbiological, and molecular characteristics; species distribution; and antimicrobial susceptibility of species. Immunodeficiency and chronic pulmonary disease appeared to be risk factors for pneumonia, and the presence of bronchiectasis and pulmonary nodules on imaging was highly correlated with this infection. The study confirmed that (heat shock protein 60) and (the secretion ATPase) genes are reliable for identifying species. Additionally, the (stable small RNA) gene showed promise as a tool for discriminating between different species with the shortest sequence length. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, quinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, minocycline, linezolid, and tigecycline demonstrated potent activity against isolates in our study. The study also proposed a resistance mechanism involving a substitution (S91R) within the quinolone-resistance-determining region of the gene, which confers resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, we found that disk diffusion testing is not suitable for testing the susceptibilities of isolates to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and minocycline. In conclusion, our systematic investigation may contribute to a better understanding of this rare pathogen. species are rare but emerging human pathogens that share remarkable similarities with other mycolic acid-containing genera of the order Actinomycetales, especially . Consequently, misdiagnosis and therapeutic failures can occur in clinical settings. Despite the significance of accurate identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, and understanding the resistance mechanism of this important genus, our knowledge in these areas remains fragmentary and incomplete. In this study, we aimed to address these gaps by investigating promising identification methods, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and a novel quinolone resistance mechanism in species, utilizing a collection of clinical isolates. The findings of our study will contribute to improve diagnosis and successful management of infections caused by species, as well as establishing well-defined performance and interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Topics: Humans; Minocycline; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Actinomycetales; Quinolones; Ciprofloxacin; Hospitals, Teaching; Anti-Infective Agents; China; Pneumonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37874148
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01644-23 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jun 2023Strains of the genus were isolated from sp. social wasps from Costa Rica. Draft genome sequences from both isolates were obtained of ~4.5 Mb in length and with 68%...
Strains of the genus were isolated from sp. social wasps from Costa Rica. Draft genome sequences from both isolates were obtained of ~4.5 Mb in length and with 68% GC content.
PubMed: 37219460
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00237-23 -
Environmental Microbiome Apr 2023Cave anthropization related to rock art tourism can lead to cave microbiota imbalance and microbial alterations threatening Paleolithic artwork, but the underpinning...
BACKGROUND
Cave anthropization related to rock art tourism can lead to cave microbiota imbalance and microbial alterations threatening Paleolithic artwork, but the underpinning microbial changes are poorly understood. Caves can be microbiologically heterogeneous and certain rock wall alterations may develop in different rooms despite probable spatial heterogeneity of the cave microbiome, suggesting that a same surface alteration might involve a subset of cosmopolitan taxa widespread in each cave room. We tested this hypothesis in Lascaux, by comparing recent alterations (dark zones) and nearby unmarked surfaces in nine locations within the cave.
RESULTS
Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding of unmarked surfaces confirmed microbiome heterogeneity of the cave. Against this background, the microbial communities of unmarked and altered surfaces differed at each location. The use of a decision matrix showed that microbiota changes in relation to dark zone formation could differ according to location, but dark zones from different locations displayed microbial similarities. Thus, dark zones harbor bacterial and fungal taxa that are cosmopolitan at the scale of Lascaux, as well as dark zone-specific taxa present (i) at all locations in the cave (i.e. the six bacterial genera Microbacterium, Actinophytocola, Lactobacillus, Bosea, Neochlamydia and Tsukamurella) or (ii) only at particular locations within Lascaux. Scanning electron microscopy observations and most qPCR data evidenced microbial proliferation in dark zones.
CONCLUSION
Findings point to the proliferation of different types of taxa in dark zones, i.e. Lascaux-cosmopolitan bacteria and fungi, dark zone-specific bacteria present at all locations, and dark zone-specific bacteria and fungi present at certain locations only. This probably explains why dark zones could form in various areas of the cave and suggests that the spread of these alterations might continue according to the area of distribution of key widespread taxa.
PubMed: 37032363
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00488-8 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Oct 2023We herein report a three-year-old boy with septic pulmonary embolism caused by Tsukamurella paurometabola bacteremia during chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma. During the...
We herein report a three-year-old boy with septic pulmonary embolism caused by Tsukamurella paurometabola bacteremia during chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma. During the interval of chemotherapy, the patient was temporarily discharged with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter but was re-admitted to the hospital with a fever on the same day. A blood culture taken at the time of re-admission showed T. paurometabola. The patient had a persistent fever, and computed tomography performed on the ninth day showed septic pulmonary embolism. We stress the importance of being aware of the possibility of septic pulmonary embolism in patients with Tsukamurella bacteremia.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Actinobacteria; Bacteremia; Catheterization, Central Venous; Pulmonary Embolism; Sepsis
PubMed: 36889705
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1444-22 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2023spp. are well-known producers of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) that serve as pharmaceutical agents. In addition to their ability to produce SMs, spp. have...
spp. are well-known producers of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) that serve as pharmaceutical agents. In addition to their ability to produce SMs, spp. have evolved diverse membrane transport systems to protect cells against antibiotics produced by itself or other microorganisms. We previously screened mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor that show a phenotype of reduced undecylprodigiosin (RED) production in a combined-culture with Tsukamurella pulmonis. Here, we identified a point mutation, which reduced RED production, by performing genome resequencing and genetic complementation. We found that inactivation of the gene encoding the TetR family transcriptional regulator (TFR) produced a deficient phenotype for several SMs in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In the genome of S. coelicolor A3(2), two other sets of TFR and two-component ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes ( and ) were found which had similar effects on the phenotype for both secondary metabolism and antibiotic resistance. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR experiments demonstrated that TFRs repressed the expression of each adjacent two-component ABC transporter genes by binding to the operator sequence. Notably, the Δ mutant showed increased resistance to several antibiotics of other actinomycete origin. Our results imply the switching of cell metabolism to direct offense (antibiotic production) or defense (efflux pump activation) using costly and limited quantities of cell energy sources (e.g., ATP) in the soil ecosystem. The bacterial metabolic potential to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites in the environment has been revealed by recent (meta)genomics of both unculturable and culturable bacteria. These studies imply that bacteria are continuously exposed to harmful chemical compounds in the environment. spp. contain antibiotic efflux pumps and SM biosynthetic gene clusters. However, the mechanism by which soil bacteria, including , survive against toxic compounds in the environment remains unclear. Here, we identified three sets of TFR-ABC transporter genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). We found that each TFR controlled the expression of respective ABC transporter, and the expression of all ABC transporters negatively impacted SM production and increased antibiotic resistance. Notably, bioinformatic analysis indicated that these TFR-ABC transporter gene sets are highly conserved and widely distributed in the genome of species, indicating the importance of systematic regulation that directs antibiotic production and xenobiotic excretion.
Topics: Streptomyces coelicolor; Secondary Metabolism; Ecosystem; Transcription Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptomyces; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Adenosine Triphosphate; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 36790176
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01822-22 -
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022Longicatenamides A-D are cyclic hexapeptides isolated from the combined culture of sp. KUSC_F05 and TP-B0596. Because these peptides are not detected in the...
Longicatenamides A-D are cyclic hexapeptides isolated from the combined culture of sp. KUSC_F05 and TP-B0596. Because these peptides are not detected in the monoculture broth of the actinomycete, they are key tools for understanding chemical communication in the microbial world. Herein, we report the solid-phase total synthesis and structural confirmation of longicatenamide A. First, commercially unavailable building blocks were chemically synthesized with stereocontrol. Second, the peptide chain was elongated via Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Third, the peptide chain was cyclized in the solution phase, followed by simultaneous cleavage of all protecting groups to afford longicatenamide A. Chromatographic analysis corroborated the chemical structure of longicatenamide A. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized longicatenamide A was confirmed. The developed solid-phase synthesis is expected to facilitate the rapid synthesis of diverse synthetic analogues.
PubMed: 36474967
DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.166