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Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) May 2012The use of CEA as a prognostic and predictive marker in patients with lung cancer is widely debated. The aim of this review was to evaluate the results from studies made... (Review)
Review
The use of CEA as a prognostic and predictive marker in patients with lung cancer is widely debated. The aim of this review was to evaluate the results from studies made on this subject. Using the search words "CEA", "tumor markers in lung cancer", "prognostic significance", "diagnostic significance" and "predictive significance", a search was carried out on PubMed. Exclusion criteria was articles never published in English, articles before 1981 and articles evaluating tumor markers in lung cancer not involving CEA. Initially 217 articles were found, and 34 were left after selecting those relevant for the present study. Four of these included both Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) patients, and 31 dealt solely with NSCLC patients. Regarding SCLC no studies showed that serum level of CEA was a prognostic marker for overall survival (OS). The use of CEA serum level as a prognostic marker in NSCLC was investigated in 23 studies and the use of CEA plasma level in two. In 18 (17 serum, 1 plasma) of these studies CEA was found to be a useful prognostic marker for either OS, recurrence after surgery or/and progression free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients. Interestingly, an overweight of low stage (stage I-II) disease and adenocarcinoma (AC) patients were observed in this group. The remaining 7 studies (6 serum, 1 plasma) contained an overweight of patients with squamous carcinoma (SQ). One study found evidence for that a tumor marker index (TMI), based on preoperative CEA and CYFRA21-1 serum levels, is useful as a prognostic marker for OS in NSCLC. Six studies evaluated the use of CEA as a predictive marker for risk of recurrence and risk of death in NSCLC patients. Four of these studies found, that CEA was useful as a predictive marker for risk of recurrence and risk of death measured over time. No studies found CEA levels useful as a diagnostic marker for lung cancer. With regard to NSCLC the level of CEA measured in tumor tissue in NSCLC patients, were not of prognostic, diagnostic or predictive significance for OS or recurrence after treatment. In one study CEA level was measured in Pleural Lavage Fluid (PLF) it was here found to be useful as prognostic markers for overall survival (OS) after surgery. In conclusion serum level of CEA carries prognostic and predictive information of risk of recurrence and of death in NSCLC independent of treatment or study design. The observation that TMI index could be a potential prognostic marker for OS in NSCLC is interesting. Future studies may benefit from evaluating more than one marker at a time, which may possibly create a more precise index for prognosis and recurrence in lung cancer, than is possible by the use of single biomarkers.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 22153832
DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.11.012 -
Journal of Molecular Histology Dec 2023Therapeutic and diagnostic progresses have significantly reduced the mortality rate among cancer patients during the last decade. However, there is still a high rate of... (Review)
Review
Therapeutic and diagnostic progresses have significantly reduced the mortality rate among cancer patients during the last decade. However, there is still a high rate of mortality among cancer patients. One of the important reasons involved in the high mortality rate is the late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages that causes the failure of therapeutic strategies in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression has an important role in introducing the efficient early detection markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as stable factors in body fluids are always considered as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers. In the present review, we investigated the role of miR-495 in tumor progression. It has been reported that miR-495 has mainly a tumor suppressor function through the regulation of transcription factors and tyrosine kinases as well as cellular processes such as multidrug resistance, chromatin remodeling, and signaling pathways. This review can be an effective step towards introducing the miR-495 as a non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic marker as well as a suitable target in tumor therapy.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; Signal Transduction; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 37759132
DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10159-0 -
Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej Nov 2016
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 27906876
DOI: 10.20452/pamw.3699 -
Biomolecules Aug 2021Integrin β4 (ITGβ4) is a class of transmembrane adhesion molecules composed of hemidesmosomes (HDs). Its unique long intracellular domain provides intricate signal... (Review)
Review
Integrin β4 (ITGβ4) is a class of transmembrane adhesion molecules composed of hemidesmosomes (HDs). Its unique long intracellular domain provides intricate signal transduction functions. These signal transduction effects are especially prominent in tumors. Many recent studies have shown that integrin β4 is differentially expressed in various tumors, and it plays a vital role in tumor invasion, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Therefore, we categorize the research related to integrin β4, starting from its structure and function in tumor tissues, and provide a basic description. Based on its structure and function, we believe that integrin β4 can be used as a tumor marker. In clinical practice, it is described as a diagnostic marker for the targeted treatment of cancer and will be helpful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Integrin beta4; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34439865
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081197 -
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2024The National Cancer Center published a comparative report on cancer data between China and the United States in the Chinese Medical Journal, which shows that colorectal... (Review)
Review
The National Cancer Center published a comparative report on cancer data between China and the United States in the Chinese Medical Journal, which shows that colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in China and fourth in the United States. It is worth noting that since 2000, the case fatality rate of CRC in China has skyrocketed, while the United States has gradually declined. Finding tumor markers with high sensitivity and specificity is our primary goal to reduce the case fatality rate of CRC. Studies have shown that CRD-BP (Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1) can affect a variety of signaling pathways, such as Wnt.nuclear factor KB (NF-κB), and Hedgehog, and has good biological effects as a therapeutic target for CRC. CRD-BP is expected to become a tumor marker with high sensitivity and specificity of CRC. This paper reviews the research on CRD-BP as a tumor marker of CRC.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37990428
DOI: 10.2174/0118715206256546231108095912 -
Journal of the National Cancer Institute Aug 2018The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) were developed to address widespread deficiencies in the reporting of such studies. The REMARK... (Review)
Review
The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) were developed to address widespread deficiencies in the reporting of such studies. The REMARK checklist consists of 20 items to report for published tumor marker prognostic studies. A detailed paper was published explaining the rationale behind checklist items, providing positive examples and giving empirical evidence of the quality of reporting. REMARK provides a comprehensive overview to educate on good reporting and provide a valuable reference for the many issues to consider when designing, conducting, and analyzing tumor marker studies and prognostic studies in medicine in general. Despite support for REMARK from major cancer journals, prognostic factor research studies remain poorly reported. To encourage dissemination and uptake of REMARK, we have produced this considerably abridged version of the detailed explanatory manuscript, which may also serve as a brief guide to key issues for investigators planning tumor marker prognostic studies. To summarize the current situation, more recent papers investigating the quality of reporting and related reporting guidelines are cited, but otherwise the literature is not updated. Another important impetus for this paper is that it serves as a basis for literal translations into other languages. Translations will help to bring key information to a larger audience world-wide. Many more details can be found in the original paper.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biomedical Research; Humans; Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Publishing; Research Design
PubMed: 29873743
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy088 -
Tumour Biology : the Journal of the... 2003Since 1996, the nine ISOBM Workshops have so far characterized more than 300 monoclonal antibodies to a variety of tumor markers that include CA125, AFP, PSA, MUC1,...
Since 1996, the nine ISOBM Workshops have so far characterized more than 300 monoclonal antibodies to a variety of tumor markers that include CA125, AFP, PSA, MUC1, Cytokeratins, Sialyl Le(a), hCG, CEA, ALP, and more recently SCC, and S100. Besides the basic characterization of antibodies and their epitope configurations, several workshops have also addressed specific problems associated with multiple antigen variants. These workshops have been able to make significant advances well beyond those possible through any normal collaboration study. The data and impact of these workshops with their summary reports are reviewed.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-125 Antigen; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Gangliosides; Humans; Keratins; Mucin-1; Prostate-Specific Antigen; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 14654709
DOI: 10.1159/000074423 -
Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of... Sep 1997It is known that the serum in cancer patients has the characteristics of the heat-stability. The factor produce the heat-stability is known to be due to tumor marker(TM)... (Review)
Review
It is known that the serum in cancer patients has the characteristics of the heat-stability. The factor produce the heat-stability is known to be due to tumor marker(TM) such as CEA, CA125(glycoprotein), CA19-9, CA15-3, SLX, CA50, CA72-4, DU-PAN-2, ST-439, SPAN-1(mucin) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, IAP(acute reactants). CEA belongs to IgG supergene family protein and is not oncofetal protein. CA19-9 is synthesis in subjects with Le(a) or Le(b) type, but negative in Le(a- b-) type. Thus, CA19-9 is not available as TM in Le(a- b-) type. Many TMs can be classified in 3 types because cancer cell has the character of immature cells which composed of immature proteins or glycoproteins. (1) Oncofetal protein: AFP(fetal albumin), PTHrP(fetal PTH) (2) The immature isozyme type: increase of amylase(salivary type), CPK(brain type) and aldolase (muscle and brain type) (3) The immature protein in biosynthesis process: increase of precursor protein(prepro type or pro type) such as PIVKA-II(preprothrombin), ProGRP, TPA or CYFRA 21-1(pro-keratin?) and hormone precursor in hormone producing tumor.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Humans; Neoplasms; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 9311262
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Nov 2014Aurora kinase family is a group of serine/threonine protein kinase. It is the main regulator in mitosis, including centrosome regulation, spindle formation, and... (Review)
Review
Aurora kinase family is a group of serine/threonine protein kinase. It is the main regulator in mitosis, including centrosome regulation, spindle formation, and chromosome separation. Aurora-A is an oncogene that is highly expressed in various human tumors, including osteosarcoma. Its high expression level and malignance and tumor metastasis are correlated. Aurora-A is a potential tumor marker. The progress of Aurora-A kinase in tumor research is summarized in this article.
Topics: Animals; Aurora Kinase A; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Mitosis; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 25450266
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.145804 -
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2015CD44 is a cellular protein that has been intensively studied in relation to carcinogenesis over the last decade. It is altered during inflammatory responses and cellular... (Review)
Review
CD44 is a cellular protein that has been intensively studied in relation to carcinogenesis over the last decade. It is altered during inflammatory responses and cellular malfunctioning during tumor progression. Tumors of epithelial origin express CD44 in multiple isoforms called variants; some isoforms are related to specific cancer cells. An increase of CD44 specific isoforms is detected in certain leukemic proliferations. Most published data indicates a partial involvement of CD44 in cancer cells, either in invasiveness or self-renewability. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the exact mechanism by which CD44 participates in growth of cancer or the inflammatory response. This review focuses on CD44 prevalence in cancer cell. It considers tumorigenic behavior of cells that highly express CD44 as an early marker for neoplastic stem cell proliferation. We will discuss multiple examples of tumor in this paper, with an emphasis of 2 solid tumors; namely, breast and colon cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Neoplasms; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
PubMed: 25737167
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.3.9622