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Chimia Sep 2021CST (Crude Sulfate Turpentine) is an upcycled, biomass raw material derived from pinewood, obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process from the pulp and paper... (Review)
Review
CST (Crude Sulfate Turpentine) is an upcycled, biomass raw material derived from pinewood, obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process from the pulp and paper industry. The current article provides an overview of major renewable perfumery ingredients obtained from CST-derived alpha- and beta-pinene to-date and part of the Firmenich manufacturing portfolio, post DRT acquisition.
Topics: Perfume; Pinus; Turpentine
PubMed: 34526184
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.780 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Turpentine is a fluid used mainly as a solvent for thinning oil-based paints, obtained by distilling the resin of coniferous trees. Fine art painters use turpentine on a...
Turpentine is a fluid used mainly as a solvent for thinning oil-based paints, obtained by distilling the resin of coniferous trees. Fine art painters use turpentine on a daily basis. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect of turpentine and to determine the lymphocyte proliferation index in the peripheral blood of individuals occupationally exposed to turpentine. For this purpose, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used to determine the total number of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), and nuclear buds (NBUD), as well as the cell proliferation index (CBPI) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the subjects. Twenty-two subjects exposed to turpentine daily through their work participated in the study and were compared to twenty subjects in the control group. The results showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei and other genotoxicity parameters, as well as significant cytotoxicity based on CBPI values. In addition, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of turpentine were found to be time-dependent, i.e., the deleterious effects of turpentine on genetic material increase with prolonged exposure. These results strongly suggest that exposure to turpentine vapors may affect genome stability and that occupational safety measures should be taken when using turpentine.
PubMed: 36836885
DOI: 10.3390/life13020530 -
The Indian Medical Gazette Aug 1878
PubMed: 28997594
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Aug 2017There is often overlap in the diagnostic features of common pathologic processes such as infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer both clinically and using...
There is often overlap in the diagnostic features of common pathologic processes such as infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer both clinically and using conventional imaging techniques. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography probe for live bacterial infection based on the small-molecule antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). [F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim, or [F]FPTMP, shows a greater than 100-fold increased uptake in vitro in live bacteria (, , and ) relative to controls. In a rodent myositis model, [F]FPTMP identified live bacterial infection without demonstrating confounding increased signal in the same animal from other etiologies including chemical inflammation (turpentine) and cancer (breast carcinoma). Additionally, the biodistribution of [F]FPTMP in a nonhuman primate shows low background in many important tissues that may be sites of infection such as the lungs and soft tissues. These results suggest that [F]FPTMP could be a broadly useful agent for the sensitive and specific imaging of bacterial infection with strong translational potential.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Fluorine Radioisotopes; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Positron-Emission Tomography; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Radiopharmaceuticals; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Trimethoprim
PubMed: 28716936
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703109114 -
Biomolecules Jun 2023Turpentine oil, owing to the presence of 7-50 terpenes, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antitumor...
Turpentine oil, owing to the presence of 7-50 terpenes, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antitumor properties, which are important for medical emulsion preparation. The addition of turpentine oil to squalene emulsions can increase their effectiveness, thereby reducing the concentration of expensive and possibly deficient squalene, and increasing its stability and shelf life. In this study, squalene emulsions were obtained by adding various concentrations of turpentine oil via high-pressure homogenization, and the safety and effectiveness of the obtained emulsions were studied in vitro and in vivo. All emulsions showed high safety profiles, regardless of the concentration of turpentine oil used. However, these emulsions exhibited dose-dependent effects in terms of both efficiency and storage stability, and the squalene emulsion with 1.0% turpentine oil had the most pronounced adjuvant and cytokine-stimulating activity as well as the most pronounced stability indicators when stored at room temperature. Thus, it can be concluded that the squalene emulsion with 1% turpentine oil is a stable, monomodal, and reliably safe ultradispersed emulsion and may have pleiotropic effects with pronounced immunopotentiating properties.
Topics: Emulsions; Squalene; Turpentine; Oils; Adjuvants, Immunologic
PubMed: 37509089
DOI: 10.3390/biom13071053 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Pine resin is one of the best known and most exploited non-wood products. Resin is a complex mixture of terpenes produced by specialized cells that are dedicated to tree...
Pine resin is one of the best known and most exploited non-wood products. Resin is a complex mixture of terpenes produced by specialized cells that are dedicated to tree defense. Chemical defenses are plastic properties, and concentrations of chemical defenses can be adjusted based on environmental factors, such as resource availability. The slope orientation (south/sunny or north/shady) and the altitude of the plantation site have significant effects on the soil nutrient and the plant performance, whereas little is known about how the slope affects the pine resin yield and its components. In total, 1180 slash pines in 18 plots at different slope positions were established to determine the effects on the α- and β-pinene content and resin production of the slash pine. The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technique was developed to rapidly and economically predict the turpentine content for each sample. The results showed that the best partial least squares regression (PLS) models for α- and β-pinene content prediction were established via the combined treatment of multiplicative scatter correction-significant multivariate correlation (MSC-sMC). The prediction models based on sMC spectra for α- and β-pinene content have an R of 0.82 and 0.85 and an RMSE of 0.96 and 0.82, respectively, and they were successfully implemented in turpentine prediction in this research. The results also showed that a barren slope position (especially mid-slope) could improve the α-pinene and β-pinene content and resin productivity of slash pine, and the β-pinene content in the resin had more variances in this research.
PubMed: 35406894
DOI: 10.3390/plants11070914 -
ACS Omega May 2022The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of components of a turpentine + rosin system were measured at 313.2 and 333.2 K using headspace gas chromatography. The thermodynamic...
The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of components of a turpentine + rosin system were measured at 313.2 and 333.2 K using headspace gas chromatography. The thermodynamic properties of the turpentine + rosin system such as activity coefficients, total pressure, partial pressure, excess Gibbs energies, and excess enthalpies were calculated using the COSMO-RS model. The results showed that the activity coefficients were greater than 1 for all components of turpentine except for longifolene, indicating a positive deviation from Raoult's law for all components of turpentine except for longifolene. The total pressures were about 1 kPa at 313.2 K and about 3 kPa at 333.2 K. Meanwhile, the excess Gibbs energies and excess enthalpies of the system were positive, indicating that the mixing of the components of turpentine and rosin was endothermic. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interaction energy (hydrogen bonding) contributed the most for the excess enthalpies .
PubMed: 35601293
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05167 -
Complementary Medicine Research 2023Turpentine-containing substances are considered effective in treating cutaneous bacterial infections, but reliable clinical data are scant. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Turpentine-containing substances are considered effective in treating cutaneous bacterial infections, but reliable clinical data are scant.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the efficacy and safety of an ointment containing larch turpentine (from Larix decidua), eucalyptus oil (from Eucalyptus globulus), and turpentine oil (from Pinus pinaster) in outpatients with painful skin abscesses in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
INTERVENTION
116 outpatients with skin abscesses used verum or placebo for 10 days. Sum score of the patient's discomforts, changes in abscess size, rate of therapeutic success, and complete healing served as outcome parameters.
RESULTS
Fifty-four patients were treated with verum and 56 with placebo. According to the patient's discomfort sum score, patients in the verum group showed a better improvement compared to the placebo group (7.3 vs. 4.7; p = 0.024), and subjective assessment by the investigators revealed a higher treatment success rate after verum (70% vs. 48%; p = 0.021). Complete healing was documented in 67% of the patients receiving verum versus 46% in the placebo group (p = 0.037). There was a positive trend toward a larger decrease in the abscess sizes in the verum group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.07).
CONCLUSION
The ointment studied is an effective and safe option for the treatment of bacterial skin diseases.
Topics: Humans; Turpentine; Abscess; Double-Blind Method; Ointments; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 36417842
DOI: 10.1159/000528220