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Anesthesiology Jun 2021Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in emergency departments, medical wards, and critical care units-adult, pediatric, and neonatal. In vitro and in vivo studies show... (Review)
Review
Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in emergency departments, medical wards, and critical care units-adult, pediatric, and neonatal. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the number and type of artifacts visualized change with lung density. This has led to the idea of a quantitative lung ultrasound approach, opening up new prospects for use not only as a diagnostic but also as a monitoring tool. Consequently, the multiple scoring systems proposed in the last few years have different technical approaches and specific clinical indications, adaptable for more or less time-dependent patients. However, multiple scoring systems may generate confusion among physicians aiming at introducing lung ultrasound in their clinical practice. This review describes the various lung ultrasound scoring systems and aims to clarify their use in different settings, focusing on technical aspects, validation with reference techniques, and clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33819339
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003757 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2017In the past 2 decades, sonoelastography has been progressively used as a tool to help evaluate soft-tissue elasticity and add to information obtained with conventional... (Review)
Review
In the past 2 decades, sonoelastography has been progressively used as a tool to help evaluate soft-tissue elasticity and add to information obtained with conventional gray-scale and Doppler ultrasonographic techniques. Recently introduced on clinical scanners, shear-wave elastography (SWE) is considered to be more objective, quantitative, and reproducible than compression sonoelastography with increasing applications to the musculoskeletal system. SWE uses an acoustic radiation force pulse sequence to generate shear waves, which propagate perpendicular to the ultrasound beam, causing transient displacements. The distribution of shear-wave velocities at each pixel is directly related to the shear modulus, an absolute measure of the tissue's elastic properties. Shear-wave images are automatically coregistered with standard B-mode images to provide quantitative color elastograms with anatomic specificity. Shear waves propagate faster through stiffer contracted tissue, as well as along the long axis of tendon and muscle. SWE has a promising role in determining the severity of disease and treatment follow-up of various musculoskeletal tissues including tendons, muscles, nerves, and ligaments. This article describes the basic ultrasound physics of SWE and its applications in the evaluation of various traumatic and pathologic conditions of the musculoskeletal system. RSNA, 2017.
Topics: Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Physics; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28493799
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160116 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... May 2019
Topics: Adenomyosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29790217
DOI: 10.1002/uog.19096 -
Radiologia 2019To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults, to calculate the negative appendicectomy rate in operated patients and the...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults, to calculate the negative appendicectomy rate in operated patients and the accuracy of pre-defined diagnostic categories and to identify statistically significant signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis in ultrasonography.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Descriptive prospective study in which we collected the findings of the urgent ultrasonographies ordered in a one-year period for adult patients with pain in the right iliac fossa (RIF), along with their symptoms. We classified them in 5 different diagnostic categories presented in the radiological report: normal appendix, non-visible appendix and no secondary signs, non-conclusive, probable appendicitis, certain appendicitis. By mean of the Stata14 software descriptive analysis, T-test and Chi-square were performed and the data were compared with the final pathological report.
RESULTS
Population: 139 patients (45% men, 55% women), mean age: 32,68 (15-84). Prevalence of acute appendicitis: 50,35% (70/139). Negative appendicectomy rate: 0%. Negative predictive value for the categories 1,2 and 3 taken together: 90,78%. Positive predictive value for the categories 4 and 5 taken together: 100%. Ultrasound sensibility and specificity 90% and 100%, respectively. Statistically significant signs and symptoms (p<0.05): RIF pain, fever, leukocytosis, left shift, visible appendix, non-compressibility, hyperechogenic fat, appendicolith and free fluid.
CONCLUSION
Ultrasound is very accurate for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 30290969
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.08.007 -
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2020
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Periodicals as Topic; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32783118
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00508-0 -
Pediatric Research Mar 2020
Topics: Algorithms; Brain; Echoencephalography; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neonatologists; Neonatology; Perfusion; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32218540
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0779-8 -
La Radiologia Medica Sep 2023Microvascular ultrasound (MVUS) is a new ultrasound technique that allows the detection of slow-velocity flow, providing the visualization of the blood flow in small... (Review)
Review
Microvascular ultrasound (MVUS) is a new ultrasound technique that allows the detection of slow-velocity flow, providing the visualization of the blood flow in small vessels without the need of intravenous contrast agent administration. This technology has been integrated in the most recent ultrasound equipment and applied for the assessment of vascularization. Compared to conventional color Doppler and power Doppler imaging, MVUS provides higher capability to detect intralesional flow. A growing number of studies explored the potential applications in hepatobiliary, genitourinary, and vascular pathologies. Different flow patterns can be observed in hepatic and renal focal lesions providing information on tumor vascularity and improving the differential diagnosis. This article aims to provide a detailed review on the current evidences and applications of MVUS in abdominal imaging.
Topics: Humans; Microvessels; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Liver; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37495910
DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01679-6 -
Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) Aug 2019
Topics: Diaphragm; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31412399
DOI: 10.1055/a-0760-7136 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 2016Ultrasound is an undervalued non-invasive examination in the diagnosis of colonic diseases. It has been replaced by the considerably more expensive magnetic resonance... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound is an undervalued non-invasive examination in the diagnosis of colonic diseases. It has been replaced by the considerably more expensive magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, despite the fact that, as first examination, it can usefully supplement the diagnostic process. Transabdominal ultrasound can provide quick information about bowel status and help in the choice of adequate further examinations and treatment. Ultrasonography, as a screening imaging modality in asymptomatic patients can identify several colonic diseases such as diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease or cancer. In addition, it is widely available, cheap, non-invasive technique without the use of ionizing radiation, therefore it is safe to use in childhood or during pregnancy, and can be repeated at any time. New ultrasound techniques such as elastography, contrast enhanced and Doppler ultrasound, mini-probes rectal and transperineal ultrasonography have broadened the indication. It gives an overview of the methodology of various ultrasound examinations, presents the morphology of normal bowel wall and the typical changes in different colonic diseases. We will pay particular attention to rectal and transperineal ultrasound because of their outstanding significance in the diagnosis of rectal and perineal disorders. This article seeks to overview the diagnostic impact and correct indications of bowel ultrasound.
Topics: Colon; Colonic Diseases; Contrast Media; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Endosonography; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Rectal Diseases; Rectum; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Doppler
PubMed: 27920469
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i43.9477 -
Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001) Jul 2023The standard diagnostic modalities for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have long been endoscopy and barium enema. Recently, trans-sectional imaging modalities, such as... (Review)
Review
The standard diagnostic modalities for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have long been endoscopy and barium enema. Recently, trans-sectional imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have become increasingly utilized in daily practice. In transabdominal ultrasonography (US), the bowel sometimes interferes with the observation of abdominal organs. Additionally, the thin intestinal walls and internal gas can make structures difficult to identify. However, under optimal US equipment settings, with identification of the sonoanatomy and knowledge of the US findings of GI diseases, US can be used effectively to diagnose GI disorders. Thus, the efficacy of GIUS has been gradually recognized, and GIUS guidelines have been published by the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology and the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Following a systematic scanning method according to the sonoanatomy and precisely estimating the layered wall structures by employing color Doppler make diagnosing disease and evaluating the degree of inflammation possible. This review describes current GIUS practices from an equipment perspective, a procedure for systematic scanning, typical findings of the normal GI tract, and 10 diagnostic items in an attempt to help medical practitioners effectively perform GIUS and promote the use of GIUS globally.
Topics: Humans; Ultrasonography; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36087155
DOI: 10.1007/s10396-022-01236-0