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Andrology Sep 2020Subcutaneous grafting/implantation of neonatal testis tissue/cells from diverse donor species into recipient mice can be used as an in vivo model to study testis...
BACKGROUND
Subcutaneous grafting/implantation of neonatal testis tissue/cells from diverse donor species into recipient mice can be used as an in vivo model to study testis development, spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) allows obtaining high definition cross-sectional images of tissues at microscopic resolutions.
OBJECTIVES
The present study was designed to (a) validate the use of UBM for non-invasive monitoring of grafts/implants overtime and to (b) correlate UBM findings with the morphological attributes of recovered grafts/implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Testis tissue fragments (~14 mm , each) and cell aggregates (100 × 10 cells, each) obtained from 1-week-old donor piglets (n = 30) were grafted/implanted under the back skin of immunodeficient mice (n = 6) in eight analogous sites per mouse. Three-dimensional transcutaneous Doppler UBM was performed, and a randomly selected graft and its corresponding implant were recovered at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks.
RESULTS
Graft/implant weight (P = .04) and physical height (P = .03) increased overtime. The dynamics of physical length and volume increases over time differed between tissue grafts and cell implants (P = .02 and 0.01 for sample type*time interactions, respectively). UBM-estimated volume was correlated with the post-recovery weight and volume of the grafts/implants (r = 0.98 and r = 0.99, respectively; P < .001). Pre- and post-recovery length and height of the grafts/implants were positively and strongly correlated (r = 0.50, P = .01; r = 0.70, P = .001) and so were the areas covered by cordal, non-cordal, or fluid-filled cavities between UBM and histology (r = 0.87, P < .001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
UBM findings correlated with physical attributes of the grafts/implants, validating its use as a non-invasive high-fidelity tool to quantify the developmental changes in ectopic testis tissue grafts and cell implants, potentially leading to a reduction in the number of recipient mice needed for similar experiments.
Topics: Animals; Heterografts; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Mice; Microscopy, Acoustic; Swine; Testis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32030908
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12771 -
Eye (London, England) Aug 2021This study describes the imaging of the filtering area in CO laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) combined with the Indiana...
OBJECTIVE
This study describes the imaging of the filtering area in CO laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) combined with the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale (IBAGS) and evaluates the mechanism by which CLASS lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP).
METHODS
Twenty-eight cases (28 eyes) of primary open-angle glaucoma that could not be controlled by drugs underwent CLASS. At 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery, IBAGS was used to evaluate the external morphology of the filtering blebs, and UBM was used to describe and measure their internal structure.
RESULTS
During the early period after CLASS, most cases showed diffuse filtering blebs with a serious degree of congestion. At the end of follow-up, most cases did not present filtering blebs. All patients showed an intact and thin trabeculodescemetic membrane (TDM) with an average thickness of 0.094 ± 0.017 mm. The scleral reservoir size gradually decreased over time and tended to stabilize after 18 months. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, 53.57% of the patients had abnormalities in the TDM area, and after laser goniopuncture treatment, the scleral reservoir became slightly larger and the IOP decreased. The TDM thickness was not correlated with postoperative IOP, and the scleral reservoir size was negatively correlated with IOP.
CONCLUSION
During the early phase after CLASS, the subconjunctival and suprachoroidal pathways may be the main mechanisms lowering IOP; over time, internal drainage pathways such as the intrascleral, trabecular-meshwork, and suprachoroidal pathways play greater roles in lowering IOP.
Topics: Follow-Up Studies; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Microscopy, Acoustic; Sclera; Sclerostomy; Trabeculectomy
PubMed: 33139873
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01235-w -
The Journal of International Medical... Dec 2019To investigate the clinical indications of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in eyes with inflammatory glaucoma. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical indications of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in eyes with inflammatory glaucoma.
METHODS
Sixteen patients (16 eyes) with inflammatory glaucoma were analysed retrospectively. All of the subjects underwent UBM and AS-OCT scans, measuring the following parameters: central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle-opening distance (AOD500), and trabecular-iris angle (TIA500) in four quadrants.
RESULTS
Both the UBM and AS-OCT generated detailed, high-resolution images of the anterior segments of the eyes with inflammatory glaucoma. Moreover, the UBM and AS-OCT exhibited statistically similar measurement results for all of the indices. A Bland–Altman analysis showed a high level of agreement between the two imaging techniques. Additionally, the UBM was able to visualize the ciliary body and pars plana, while the cells and the flare in the anterior chamber appeared more pronounced in the UBM images.
CONCLUSIONS
Both the UBM and AS-OCT are useful tools for anterior segment imaging and taking measurements needed for evaluating inflammatory glaucoma. The AS-OCT has the advantages of being noninvasive and fast, whereas the UBM is presently unparalleled in the visualization of the ciliary body and pars plana.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Chamber; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Middle Aged; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Uveitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 31594445
DOI: 10.1177/0300060519867808 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2022The objective is to compare parameters related to lens position measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)...
OBJECTIVE
The objective is to compare parameters related to lens position measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in patients with senile cataract and perform a consistency analysis.
METHODS
This prospective study included 102 patients (102 eyes) scheduled for simple cataract surgery. Among the total patients, 44 were men, and 58 were women. AS-OCT (sitting) and UBM (lying) were used to measure the anterior chamber depth (ACD) in horizontal and vertical orientations and the iris-lens contact distance (ILCD) and iris-lens angle (ILA) in inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal quadrants. Paired-sample -test was used to compare ACD, ILCD, and ILA measurements of the two methods, while Pearson's linear correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were used to analyze the correlation and consistency of the two results.
RESULTS
The horizontal (2.499 ± 0.464 mm) and vertical (2.531 ± 0.463 mm) ACD measured using AS-OCT and the horizontal (2.556 ± 0.467 mm) and vertical (2.563 ± 0.479 mm) ACD measured using UBM were significantly different ( < 0.001); moreover, the results showed good correlation and agreement. A significant difference was observed between the two methods in terms of ILCD measured in inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal quadrants ( < 0.001), and a significant correlation was found between measurements of both methods ( < 0.001). Approximately 3.92% (4/102), 0.98% (1/102), 3.92% (4/102), and 2.94% (3/102) of points were outside the 95% limits of agreement in the four quadrants, respectively, and the agreement of the results was good. ILA measured using both methods differed in inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal quadrants (=0.003, 0.011, 0.001, 0.001, respectively), and the correlation was good ( < 0.001). The percentage of points outside the 95% limit was higher in inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal quadrants (4.90% (5/102), 5.88% (6/102), 5.88% (6/102), and 6.86% (7/102)) with poor agreement of the results.
CONCLUSIONS
The correlation between AS-OCT and UBM in terms of measuring lens position-related parameters was good, but the agreement was unstable. The differences in measurement position (sitting and supine) and/or measurement methods (optics and ultrasound) may lead to variability in results.
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Female; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Prospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35685518
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7599631 -
Scientific Reports May 2014Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is emerging as a powerful technique for imaging microvasculature at depths beyond the ~1 mm depth limit associated with confocal...
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is emerging as a powerful technique for imaging microvasculature at depths beyond the ~1 mm depth limit associated with confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography. PAM, however, is currently qualitative in nature and cannot quantitatively measure important functional parameters including oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (HbR), oxygen saturation (sO2), blood flow (BF) and rate of oxygen metabolism (MRO2). Here we describe a new photoacoustic microscopic method, termed photoacoustic computed microscopy (PACM) that combines current PAM technique with a model-based inverse reconstruction algorithm. We evaluate the PACM approach using tissue-mimicking phantoms and demonstrate its in vivo imaging ability of quantifying HbO2, HbR, sO2, cerebral BF and cerebral MRO2 at the small vessel level in a rodent model. This new technique provides a unique tool for neuroscience research and for visualizing microvasculature dynamics involved in tumor angiogenesis and in inflammatory joint diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemoglobins; Microscopy; Microscopy, Acoustic; Microvessels; Oxygen; Oxyhemoglobins; Photoacoustic Techniques; Rats
PubMed: 24828539
DOI: 10.1038/srep04960 -
Digital Journal of Ophthalmology : DJO Feb 2021A 74-year-old pseudophakic white woman with pseudoexfoliation syndrome presented with right eye pain and photophobia and was found to have pseudophacodenesis with...
A 74-year-old pseudophakic white woman with pseudoexfoliation syndrome presented with right eye pain and photophobia and was found to have pseudophacodenesis with recurrent episodes of anterior uveitis, microhyphema, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). All episodes occurred after yoga sessions with intensive facedown postures. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) performed in supine and prone positions demonstrated significant change in the lens-bag complex position, with lens-iris touch. The patient underwent intraocular lens (IOL) explantation, anterior vitrectomy, and flanged intrascleral haptic-fixated IOL placement via double-needle technique, with resolution of all symptoms.
Topics: Aged; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Hyphema; Microscopy, Acoustic; Syndrome; Uveitis; Yoga
PubMed: 33867882
DOI: 10.5693/djo.02.2020.11.001 -
BMC Ophthalmology Oct 2021To compare the accuracy of low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (LFUBM) and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging (14-MHz + THI) in the assessment of...
Comperative analysis of accuracy between low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging for the evaluation of the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataracts.
BACKGROUND
To compare the accuracy of low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (LFUBM) and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging (14-MHz + THI) in the assessment of posterior capsule (PC) integrity in patients with traumatic cataracts (TCs).
METHODS
From January 2019 to October 2020, 51 patients (51 eyes) with TCs who were scheduled for cataract extraction and for whom the PC of the lens could not be observed by the slit lamp visited Tianjin Eye Hospital, including 47 patients (47 eyes) with a penetrating injury of the eyeball and 4 patients (4 eyes) with a blunt injury of the eyeball. All eyes underwent LFUBM and 14-MHz + THI examinations before cataract extraction to determine the integrity of the PC. The integrity of the PC observed in surgery was the actual findings, and the consistency between the 2 methods was assessed in terms of the preoperative examination and intraoperative findings. Fisher's exact test was used for consistency analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Thirty-two eyes with ruptured PCs and 19 eyes with intact PCs were actual findings in surgery. Thirty eyes with ruptured PCs and 21 eyes with intact PCs were examined by LFUBM. Thirty-two eyes with ruptured PCs and 19 eyes with intact PCs were examined by 14-MHz + THI. There were no significant differences between the 2 methods and the intraoperative findings (P = 0.293 LFUBM, P = 0.623 14-MHz + THI). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of LFUBM and 14-MHz + THI were 91 and 94%, 95 and 89%, 97 and 94%, 86 and 89% and 92 and 92%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Both LFUBM and 14-MHz + THI were proved to have high levels sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the status of the PC in TC and they can be used as accurate diagnostic tool in these cases.
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Humans; Microscopy, Acoustic; Posterior Capsule of the Lens; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34686169
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02094-z -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2023Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-resolution ultrasound technique that allows noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the ocular anterior segment structures. Before...
BACKGROUND
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-resolution ultrasound technique that allows noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the ocular anterior segment structures. Before interpreting the UBM images of the diseased eyes, it is essential to understand the structures seen in the UBM image of the normal eye.
PURPOSE
This video is a compilation of short video clips that gives description of identification of the anterior segment structures in the axial scan, a cross-sectional view through the anterior chamber angle region of a normal subject in a radial scan, and identification of ciliary processes in the transverse scan.
SYNOPSIS
UBM provides two-dimensional, grayscale images of the various anterior segment structures and allows all these structures to be imaged simultaneously, in their normal state, as they occur in the living eye. The real-time image is displayed on a video monitor and can be recorded for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
HIGHLIGHTS
The video gives an overview of identification of normal anterior segment structures on UBM. Video link https://youtu.be/3KooOp2Cn30.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy, Acoustic; Anterior Eye Segment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ciliary Body; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 37203008
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3375_22 -
Translational Vision Science &... Oct 2022This study aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning ciliary body segmentation and assessment approach in three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy (3D-UBM)...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning ciliary body segmentation and assessment approach in three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy (3D-UBM) images.
METHODS
Each 3D-UBM eye volume was aligned to the optic axis via multiplanar reformatting. Ciliary muscle and processes were manually annotated, and Deeplab-v3+ models with different loss functions were trained to segment the ciliary body (ciliary muscle and processes) in both en face and radial images.
RESULTS
We trained and tested the models on 4320 radial and 3864 en face images from 12 cadaver eye volumes. Deep learning models trained on radial images with Dice loss achieved the highest mean F1-score (0.89) for ciliary body segmentation. For three-class segmentation (ciliary muscle, processes, and background), radial images with Dice loss achieved the highest mean F1-score (0.75 for the ciliary process and 0.82 for the ciliary muscle). Part of the ciliary muscle (10.9%) was misclassified as the ciliary process and vice versa, which occurred owing to the difficulty in differentiating the ciliary muscle-processes border, even by experts. Deep learning segmentation made further editing by experts at least seven times faster than a fully manual approach. In eight cadaver eyes, the average ciliary muscle, process, and body volumes were 56 ± 9, 43 ± 13, and 99 ± 18 mm3, respectively. The average surface area of the ciliary muscle, process, and body were 346 ± 45, 363 ± 83, and 709 ± 80 mm2, respectively. We performed transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes to shrink the ciliary processes. Both manual and automated measurements from deep learning segmentation show a decrease in volume, surface area, and 360° cross-sectional area measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed deep learning segmentation of the ciliary body and 3D measurements showed transscleral cyclophotocoagulation-related changes in the ciliary body.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
Automated ciliary body assessment using 3D-UBM has the translational potential for ophthalmic treatment planning and monitoring.
Topics: Cadaver; Ciliary Body; Deep Learning; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Microscopy, Acoustic
PubMed: 36180029
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.10.3 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2023A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese dog was presented for hypotony of the right eye (OD) with decreased vision. The dorsomedial region of conjunctiva was partially...
A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese dog was presented for hypotony of the right eye (OD) with decreased vision. The dorsomedial region of conjunctiva was partially swollen but the globe remained intact. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed intraocular haemorrhage, uveitis, and a limbal, corneoconjunctival ulcer near the swollen conjunctiva. During ocular ultrasonography (OUS), the sclera became indented and hypotony occurred, implicating a full-thickness scleral wound. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) confirmed a full-thickness scleral defect, which was surgically apposed. The intraocular pressure normalised and the uveitis subsided post-operatively. OUS and UBM were helpful in suggesting and definitively diagnosing scleral perforation, leading to accurate treatment and good prognosis.
Topics: Female; Dogs; Animals; Sclera; Microscopy, Acoustic; Intraocular Pressure; Ultrasonography; Uveitis; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37733752
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1284