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BMC Urology Oct 2019A supernumerary kidney (SK) is an additional kidney with its own capsule and blood supply that is not fused with the ipsilateral kidney (IK). Because individual case...
BACKGROUND
A supernumerary kidney (SK) is an additional kidney with its own capsule and blood supply that is not fused with the ipsilateral kidney (IK). Because individual case reports indicate a high morbidity rate, the aim of this retrospective study was a detailed analysis of this rare anatomical variant.
METHODS
Our systematic imaging-based search for SKs, conducted in the period from 2000 and to 2017, yielded 9 cases in total (5 men, 4 women; mean age: 51.8 ± 22.8 years).
RESULTS
The SKs were observed on the right in six and on the left side in three cases. In six subjects (66%) they were located caudal and in three cases (33%) cranial to the ipsilateral kidney. Calculi were found in three (33%) of the renal collecting systems. Five (56%) of the SKs had hydronephrosis grade IV and one SK had recurrent pyelonephritis (11%). Two of the ureters opened into the ipsilateral seminal vesicle (22%). Two (22%) SKs were functional but atrophic. Clinically relevant findings were made in 33% of the IKs: atrophy (n = 2), calculi (n = 1), and reflux with recurrent pyelonephritis (n = 1); another 33% had anatomical anomalies without functional impairment. The correct diagnosis of a SK is possible using CT imaging in all subjects. The prevalence of SK based on CT imaging can be estimated to be 1:26750.
CONCLUSIONS
CT is the method of choice for visualizing SKs. The correct diagnosis is crucial in preventing dispensable surgical procedures and for providing optimal patient treatment and outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31623590
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0522-0 -
Urology Annals 2020Kidney and upper urinary tract anomalies account for 23% of all birth defects. Partial duplication is slightly more prevalent than complete, 70% and 30%, respectively. A...
Kidney and upper urinary tract anomalies account for 23% of all birth defects. Partial duplication is slightly more prevalent than complete, 70% and 30%, respectively. A very low fusion of ureters, i.e., in the intramural part, is a rarer case. As a result, the joint section is very short (<1 cm) and may be invisible for radiological diagnosis. This case shows a rare variation of incomplete bifid ureter coupled with urolithiasis, which should be taken into account by the physician when determining urolithiasis treatment.
PubMed: 32565664
DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_142_19