-
Australian Family Physician Jun 2011Urodynamics is the study of lower urinary tract function and how this relates to a patient's urinary symptoms. The aim is to reproduce the patient's lower urinary tract...
Urodynamics is the study of lower urinary tract function and how this relates to a patient's urinary symptoms. The aim is to reproduce the patient's lower urinary tract symptoms to provide a pathophysiological explanation and to guide treatment. This article, and the accompanying patient information, focus particularly on invasive urodynamic studies.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; Humans; Urodynamics; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 21655484
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2018
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Kidney; Laparoscopy; Posture; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Urography; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 29666105
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224921 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Mar 1997Many serious and potentially treatable diseases of the urinary tract may have haematuria as their only manifestation. However, asymptomatic microscopic haematuria... (Review)
Review
Many serious and potentially treatable diseases of the urinary tract may have haematuria as their only manifestation. However, asymptomatic microscopic haematuria detected by dipstick testing may be seen in up to 16% of screening populations. The great majority of such cases will have no sinister underlying cause, particularly in those under 40 years of age, and so the schedule of further investigations, some of which may be invasive, time-consuming and expensive, needs to be rationalised. In addition, the increasing popularity of 'fast track' clinics for the investigation of haematuria enhances the need for a clear strategy of investigation. Analysis of the epidemiology of asymptomatic haematuria and its causes combined with a consideration of the risk-benefit profile of the available investigations, makes it possible to set out an algorithm for the initial management of this common finding. Careful clinical assessment and basic laboratory tests for renal function, analysis of the urinary sediment and cytological examination of the urine are followed by ultrasound and plain radiography of the urinary tract. Flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthetic is central to the algorithm in patients of all ages. The importance of a nephrological opinion and consideration of renal biopsy, especially in younger patients with other evidence of glomerular disease, is stressed. The role of intravenous urography in excluding pathology of the upper urinary tract, especially in patients over the age of 40, is also considered.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Urography; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 9135826
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.73.857.129 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2016
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 27716453
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2016.05.01 -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Dec 2019
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; United States; Urologic Diseases; Urology
PubMed: 31860416
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ultrasound Mar 2019Urinary tract dilatation is identified sonographically in 1-2% of fetuses and reflects a spectrum of possible nephro-uropathies. There is significant variability in the... (Review)
Review
Urinary tract dilatation is identified sonographically in 1-2% of fetuses and reflects a spectrum of possible nephro-uropathies. There is significant variability in the clinical management of individuals with prenatal urinary tract dilatation to postnatal urinary pathologies, because of a lack of consensus and uniformity in defining and classifying urinary tract dilation. Ultrasonography is the first step to screen and diagnose kidneys and the urinary tract diseases of the children. The need for a correct ultrasound approach led to the realization of algorithms aimed at standardizing the procedures, the parameters and the classifications. Our objective was to highlight the strengths of the Classification of Urinary Tract Dilation (UTD) suggested by the Consensus Conference which took place in 2014 with the participation of eight Scientific Societies and was subsequently published on the Journal of Pediatric Urology. Before its spread out, the definition of UTD was not uniform and the ultrasonographic measurements were not clearly defined, leading to misunderstandings between physicians. The Classification by the Consensus Conference of 2014 represents a revolutionary tool for the diagnosis and management of UTD. Furthermore, the parameters suggested by the classification proposed are applicable for both prenatal and postnatal classification, ensuring a correct follow-up in children with UTD whose diagnosis had been already made during pregnancy.
Topics: Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Contrast Media; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography; Urinary Tract; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 30484141
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-018-0340-3 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Jul 2020Due to the rapid development of next-generation sequencing, it has become possible to obtain information on the sequences of all genes in a specific microbiome. The... (Review)
Review
Due to the rapid development of next-generation sequencing, it has become possible to obtain information on the sequences of all genes in a specific microbiome. The detection of bacteria in patients with no urinary tract infections indicated that the dogma that "urine is sterile" was false, leading to active research regarding the roles of the urinary microbiome in the human urinary tract. Here, we present a review of the current literature regarding the role of the microbiome in urology.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Urologic Diseases; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32665990
DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.4.338 -
Cells Nov 2020Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest induced by repetitive cell mitoses or different stresses, which is implicated in various physiological or... (Review)
Review
Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest induced by repetitive cell mitoses or different stresses, which is implicated in various physiological or pathological processes. The beneficial or adverse effects of senescent cells depend on their transitory or persistent state. Transient senescence has major beneficial roles promoting successful post-injury repair and inhibiting malignant transformation. On the other hand, persistent accumulation of senescent cells has been associated with chronic diseases and age-related illnesses like renal/urinary tract disorders. The deleterious effects of persistent senescent cells have been related, in part, to their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by the release of a variety of factors responsible for chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix adverse remodeling, and fibrosis. Recently, an increase in senescent cell burden has been reported in renal, prostate, and bladder disorders. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of senescence and their implication in renal and urinary tract diseases. We will also discuss the differential impacts of transient versus persistent status of cellular senescence, as well as the therapeutic potential of senescent cell targeting in these diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cellular Senescence; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Organ Specificity; Signal Transduction; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 33167349
DOI: 10.3390/cells9112420 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Nov 2021The urinary tract likely plays a role in the development of various urinary diseases due to the recently recognized notion that urine is not sterile. In this mini... (Review)
Review
The urinary tract likely plays a role in the development of various urinary diseases due to the recently recognized notion that urine is not sterile. In this mini review, we summarize the current literature regarding the urinary microbiome and mycobiome and its relationship to various urinary diseases. It has been recently discovered that the healthy urinary tract contains a host of microorganisms, creating a urinary microbiome. The relative abundance and type of bacteria varies, but generally, deviations in the standard microbiome are observed in individuals with urologic diseases, such as bladder cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urgency urinary incontinence, overactive bladder syndrome, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, and urinary tract infections. However, whether this change is causative, or correlative has yet to be determined. In summary, the urinary tract hosts a complex microbiome. Changes in this microbiome may be indicative of urologic diseases and can be tracked to predict, prevent, and treat them in individuals. However, current analytical and sampling collection methods may present limitations to the development in the understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship with various urinary diseases. Further research on the differences between healthy and diseased microbiomes, the long-term effects of antibiotic treatments on the urobiome, and the effect of the urinary mycobiome on general health will be important in developing a comprehensive understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship to the human body.
Topics: Causality; Humans; Metagenome; Microbiota; Urinary Tract; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 34729961
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210312 -
European Neurology 2014Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and sexual dysfunction (SD) are common in neurological patients due to a combination of lesions affecting relevant neural control,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and sexual dysfunction (SD) are common in neurological patients due to a combination of lesions affecting relevant neural control, constraints imposed by sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and--particularly for SD--psychosocial consequences of chronic neurological disease.
SUMMARY
This review summarizes the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of LUTD and SD in neurological patients.
KEY MESSAGES
LUTD may lead to serious health problems; both LUTD and SD significantly affect quality of life. Management of patients with spinal cord injury and dysraphism is undertaken in specialized centers according to established guidelines. Treatment of neurological patients with noncomplicated neurogenic LUTD or SD should preferentially be guided by a neurologist.
CLINICAL IMPACT
For rational treatment of urinary symptoms, an accurate assessment is mandatory; the bladder and the sphincter need to be defined as normal, over- or underactive. Urodynamic testing is the gold standard for functional diagnosis; assessment of residual urine and uroflow are the minimal requirements before considering management. Dysfunction of desire, arousal and orgasm (ejaculation) may be diagnosed by medical history and are amenable to counselling and treatment, which is--in the case of erectile dysfunction--evidence based. Further high-quality studies are necessary to test the best approaches for diagnosing and managing particular types of neurogenic LUTD and SD in the different neurological patient populations.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 24993182
DOI: 10.1159/000360529