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Journal of Andrology 2001Both the odds ratio and the relative risk compare the relative likelihood of an event occurring between two groups. The relative risk is easier to interpret and is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Both the odds ratio and the relative risk compare the relative likelihood of an event occurring between two groups. The relative risk is easier to interpret and is consistent with general intuition. Some designs, however, allow only for the calculation of the odds ration. Covariate adjustment is easier for an odds ratio. Finally, the odds ratio avoids ambiguity by being invariant to lthe labeling of the outcome measure. The Table summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the odds ratio and relative risk. Whe reading research that summarizes data using odds ratios, or relative risks, be aware of the limitations of booth of these measures.
Topics: Odds Ratio; Risk; Urology
PubMed: 11451349
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Dec 2019
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; United States; Urologic Diseases; Urology
PubMed: 31860416
DOI: No ID Found -
Progres En Urologie : Journal de... Apr 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Urology
PubMed: 32370862
DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.04.012 -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Oct 2018
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Jamaica; Nephrology; Urologic Surgical Procedures; Urology
PubMed: 30281002
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Reviews. Urology Nov 2021Balancing diversity on panels at academic medical conferences demonstrates a commitment to the principles of diversity and inclusion. However, it seems we have a long...
Balancing diversity on panels at academic medical conferences demonstrates a commitment to the principles of diversity and inclusion. However, it seems we have a long way to go in urology, where two-thirds of sessions at major urology meetings still consist of all-male speaker panels.
Topics: Humans; Urology
PubMed: 34331043
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00508-7 -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Aug 2020
Topics: Urology
PubMed: 32894208
DOI: No ID Found -
Urologia Internationalis 2019Werner Forssmann (1904-1979) was awarded the Nobel Prize for his self-experiments in catheterization of the heart and thus entered the annals of medicine. But he had... (Review)
Review
Werner Forssmann (1904-1979) was awarded the Nobel Prize for his self-experiments in catheterization of the heart and thus entered the annals of medicine. But he had turned to urology long before he received the Nobel Prize. Who was this person associated with both cardiology and urology? It is precisely this question that the present article explores with the help of both new and reevaluated primary sources. In 1999 Truss et al. already published an article in the World Journal of Urology about the many and varied facets of Forssmann's life and work. Our article ties in with that of Truss et al. and expands the body of knowledge concerning Forssmann and his work. Werner Forssmann as one of the 2 urologists besides Charles B. Huggins who have ever won the Nobel Prize deserves a complete and comprehensive analysis of his life and his life's work. Within -German Urology, the culture of remembrance on Werner Forssmann is an important component and with every newly revealed and interpreted source we get to know better who this urologist was and what role he played in the scientific community.
Topics: Cardiology; Germany; History, 20th Century; Humans; Nobel Prize; Urology
PubMed: 30917372
DOI: 10.1159/000499093 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Oct 2019To provide an overview of the meaning and types of virtual reality (VR) system, its current applications in the field of urology and future implications. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the meaning and types of virtual reality (VR) system, its current applications in the field of urology and future implications.
SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE
The concept of VR involves the generation of computer environments with which a user can interact directly. Urology technologies and surgical practices are constantly evolving and RV simulation has become an important complement in urologist training curricula, taking into account not only simulations in surgical techniques, but also in non-surgical techniques such as communication and decision making. VR approaches for image-guided surgery have demonstrated potential in the field of urology by supporting guidance for various disorders. An increasing number of pre and intraoperative imaging modalities have been used to create detailed surgical route maps. The tracing of these surgical roadmaps with the surgical vision of real life has been produced in different ways (electromagnetic, acoustic, optical ...), recommending the combination of several approaches to provide a superior result. One of the disadvantages of navigation systems is soft tissue deformations, requiring confirmatory images. Although early studies report that navigation surgeries provide results equal to or greater than conventional approaches, most of the work has been done in relatively small groups of patients, thus requiring studies with larger sample sizes.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of VR offers urologists many opportunities, with surgical simulation being one of its most important applications today. Likewise, the first clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of augmented reality (2D and 3D models) to improve surgical accuracy, describing different navigation systems for different urological surgical interventions.
Topics: Humans; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Urologic Surgical Procedures; Urology; User-Computer Interface; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 31579046
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Urologe. Ausg. A Feb 2022Although continuous technological developments have optimized and evolved medical care throughout time, these technologies were mostly still comprehensible for users.... (Review)
Review
Although continuous technological developments have optimized and evolved medical care throughout time, these technologies were mostly still comprehensible for users. Driven by immense financial efforts, modern innovative products and technical solutions are transforming medicine today and will do so even more in the future: virtual and augmented reality. This review critically summarizes the current literature and future uses of virtual and augmented reality in the field of urology.
Topics: Augmented Reality; Humans; Urology; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 34935997
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-021-01734-y -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Apr 2016
Topics: Belgium; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Urology
PubMed: 27085821
DOI: No ID Found