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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1984A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and...
A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. Among a total of 359 strains tested, eight biotypes were observed, the most common ones being types 1 (beta-galactosidase positive, lipase positive, hippurate positive), 2 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase positive, hippurate positive), and 5 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase negative, hippurate positive). The distribution in biotypes was similar among isolates from Antwerp, Seattle, and Nairobi. There were no differences in biotypes between strains isolated from patients with and without bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis). Up to 14% of women with bacterial vaginosis harbored at least two different biotypes of G. vaginalis in the vagina. G. vaginalis strains isolated before and after treatment for bacterial vaginosis belonged to identical biotypes when the time interval between two specimens was less than 1 week. Similarly, G. vaginalis isolates from the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis and from the urethras of their male sex partners belonged to identical biotypes when strains were isolated within the same 24-h period from both partners (P less than 0.005).
Topics: Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus; Humans; Male; Vagina; Vaginitis
PubMed: 6333436
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.20.4.677-679.1984 -
Annals of African Medicine 2019Acquired gynatresia is a common gynecological condition in developing countries where puerperal complications and unskilled interventions prevail. A 23-year-old...
Acquired gynatresia is a common gynecological condition in developing countries where puerperal complications and unskilled interventions prevail. A 23-year-old primipara who had spontaneous vaginal delivery complicated by gynatresia had vaginoplasty that failed due to erectile dysfunction in the spouse. She subsequently developed secondary amenorrhea and was relieved with dilatation and evacuation. She was planned for definitive surgery, however,she incidentally conceived with q pin-hole vagina. She was delivered of a live fetus at term via an elective cesarean section. This case is peculiar as spontaneous conception occurred with a pinhole opening. There is a need to adequately evaluate cases before definitive management to maximize success.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Female; Gynatresia; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Vagina; Young Adult
PubMed: 31070154
DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_12_18 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jul 2019Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in reproductive-age women. The condition is characterised by the replacement of a healthy,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in reproductive-age women. The condition is characterised by the replacement of a healthy, lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. BV increases the risk of acquisition of STIs and is associated with pregnancy complications. Although the composition of the bacteria in BV varies between individuals, there are some species such as Gardnerella, Atopobium, Mycoplasma, Snethia, Megasphera, Dialister, etc., that are found most frequently.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Literature research to the importance of Atopobium vaginae in BV and treatment options.
RESULTS
Atopobium (A.) vaginae is an important component of the complex abnormal vaginal flora in BV; even though A. vaginae, like Gardnerella vaginalis, has also been detected in the normal flora, it is much more common in BV patients. A. vaginae has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of BV and is thought to be at least a partial cause of the known negative sequelae. The presence of A. vaginae in the BV-associated biofilms and its resistance to some antimicrobial substances has been described - this seems to have a major impact on treatment outcome.
CONCLUSION
Current scientific data demonstrate that dequalinium chloride (Fluomycin) is one of the valid therapeutic options for BV treatment, since it displays a broad antimicrobial spectrum against relevant vaginal pathogens, especially against G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, without having safety concerns.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 30953190
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05142-8 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jun 1954
Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Genitalia; Humans; Vagina
PubMed: 13160915
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal May 1947
Topics: Female; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Perineum; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 20248071
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4504.614 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 1954
Topics: Female; Humans; Vagina
PubMed: 13116095
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jun 1947
Topics: Female; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Perineum; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 20248136
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4511.902 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is not well-understood, and prevalence appears to be higher among women living in sub-Saharan Africa. A recent conceptual model...
The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is not well-understood, and prevalence appears to be higher among women living in sub-Saharan Africa. A recent conceptual model implicates three main bacteria ( and ), sexual activity, sialidase activity, and biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of BV. We describe the vaginal microbiota, presence of the putative sialidase A gene of , and biofilm among 386 adolescent girls aged 17 and 18 years in a cross-sectional study in Mwanza, Tanzania around the time of expected sexual debut. Vaginal swabs were collected and tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for five species, , the sialidase A gene of , and by fluorescence hybridisation (FISH) for evidence of and biofilm. We conducted a risk factor analysis of and , and explored the associations between biofilm, the presence of the sialidase A gene, and non-optimal vaginal microbiota (Nugent 4-7) and were detected in 69 and 82% of girls, respectively. The prevalence of was higher than previously reported in earlier studies among East and Southern African women. were independently associated with reported penile-vaginal sex. Samples with all three BV-associated bacteria made up the highest proportion of samples with Nugent-BV compared to samples with each bacterium alone or together in pairs. Of the 238 girls with , 63% had the sialidase A gene detected, though there was no difference by reported sexual activity ( = 0.197). Of the 191 girls with results for sialidase A gene and FISH, there was strong evidence for an increased presence of sialidase A gene among those with evidence of a biofilm ( < 0.001). There was a strong association between biofilm and non-optimal microbiota (aOR67.00; 95% CI 26.72-190.53). These results support several of the steps outlined in the conceptual model, although the role of sexual activity is less clear. We recommend longitudinal studies to better understand changes in vaginal microbiota and biofilm formation around the time of sexual debut.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Prevotella; Sexual Behavior; Tanzania; Vagina
PubMed: 32670894
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00305 -
Veterinary Research Communications Dec 2018Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM), the product of epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix and vagina, is secreted to facilitate uterine lubrication and microbial clearance....
Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM), the product of epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix and vagina, is secreted to facilitate uterine lubrication and microbial clearance. Predominantly composed of water and mucins, CVM also contains high levels of immuno-active proteins such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and lysozyme which protect against infection by blocking adhesion and mediating microbial killing. The repertoire of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides is predominantly generated by the secretions of endometrial epithelial cells into the uterine lumen and concentrated in the CVM. The quantity and relative proportions of these inflammatory biomarkers are affected by diverse factors including the estrus cycle and health status of the animal and therefore potentially provide important diagnostic and prognostic indicators. We propose that measuring molecular signatures in bovine CVM could be a useful approach to identifying and monitoring genital tract pathologies in beef and dairy cows.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Biomarkers; Cattle; Cervix Mucus; Cervix Uteri; Complement System Proteins; Cytokines; Female; Mucins; Vagina
PubMed: 30117040
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9734-0 -
PloS One 2022Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a nonpathogenic endogenous virus whose abundance varies with the extent of immune system activation. We determined if the TTV titer in the...
Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a nonpathogenic endogenous virus whose abundance varies with the extent of immune system activation. We determined if the TTV titer in the vagina of pregnant women was associated with vaginal microbiota composition and levels of compounds in vaginal secretions. Vaginal TTV and microbiota composition in 494 second trimester pregnant women were identified by gene amplification and analysis. Vaginal matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) and lactic acid isomers were measured by ELISA. Dominance was defined as the relative abundance of a specific bacterium or species at >50% of the total number of bacteria identified. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. The median log10 TTV titer was lowest when Lactobacillus species other than L. iners were dominant (<1.0) as compared to when L. iners (4.1, p = 0.0001), bacteria other than lactobacilli (4.5, p = 0.0016) or no bacterium (4.7, p = 0.0009) dominated. The TTV titer was inversely proportional to L. crispatus abundance (p<0.0001) and directly proportional to levels of G. vaginalis (p = 0.0008) and L. iners (p = 0.0010). The TTV titer was proportional to TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 abundance (p≤0.0002) and inversely proportional to the level of D-lactic acid (p = 0.0024). We conclude that the association between variations in the TTV titer and the relative abundance of specific bacterial species and vaginal compounds indicates that local changes in immune status likely influence vaginal fluid composition.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Torque teno virus; Vagina
PubMed: 35051215
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262672