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Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure 2022The meniscal cartilages are fibrous discs that are important for knee structures and have the ability to bear weight and stabilize joints. However, morphological and...
BACKGROUND
The meniscal cartilages are fibrous discs that are important for knee structures and have the ability to bear weight and stabilize joints. However, morphological and standard data for the meniscus are limited. Therefore, this work will compare anatomical and histological parameters of meniscal cartilages. The results will be important for the different measurements that are necessary for knee joint surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 24 aged cadavers (12 males and 12 females) were included. Knee joints were dissected and the menisci were excised and labeled as medial or lateral, right or left, male or female. Then, the menisci were kept in 10% formalin solution. Morphological variations of the meniscal shapes were macroscopically categorized. Different measurements, including the distance between anterior and posterior horns, outer and inner circumferences, width (breadth), and thickness, were done using a digital Vernier caliper and recorded manually.
RESULTS
48 medial menisci (MMi) cartilages were studied, they were 54.6% crescent-shaped, 34.6% V-shaped, and 10.8% U-shaped. 48 lateral menisci (LMi) cartilages were studied, 41.6% were crescent-shaped, 56.4% were C-shaped, and 2% were disc-shaped articular cartilage. Findings included differences in their lengths and thickness.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study were significant in providing new information on various morphological and morphometric parameters of the MMi and LMi in aged males and females, which are necessary to require more precise and comprehensive fundamental data that will be helpful for many specialists for better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches; aiming to restore normal joint conditions in senile people complaining of different meniscal pathologies.
PubMed: 36687326
DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_91_21 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022For total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the optimal rotational position of the femoral component is felt to be critically important. The current knee joint kinematics...
For total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the optimal rotational position of the femoral component is felt to be critically important. The current knee joint kinematics measurement technology is unable to identify the exact rotation axis of the knee joint, the main reasons being low measurement accuracy and insufficient three-dimensional data (2D-3D image matching technology). In order to improve the effect of TKA surgery, we proposed a knee joint kinematics measurement method, based on the MRI technology, and verified its measurement accuracy. We then employed this method to identify the personalized optimal rotation axis of the knee joint for TKA patients. The purpose of the study was 1) to propose a method for measuring knee joint kinematics and verify its accuracy and 2) to propose a method for determining the optimal rotation axis of knee joint for TKA surgery, based on accurate kinematic measurement results. The experiment was divided into two parts: and . The purpose of the experiment was to verify the measurement accuracy of our method. We fixed two aquarium stones (approximately 10 cm * 10 cm * 10 cm in size, close to the size of the distal femur and proximal tibia) firmly on the fixed and moving arms of the goniometer/vernier caliper with glue and immersed the aquarium stones in the water to capture MRI images. The MRI images were then processed with MATLAB software, and the relative motion of the two aquarium stones was measured. The measurement accuracy of our method was verified the scale reading of the moving arm on the goniometer/vernier caliper. , 36 healthy elderly participants (22 females, 14 males) were recruited from the local community; our method was then employed to measure the relative motion of the tibia and femur and to observe the rollback and screw home motion of the medial/lateral condyle of the femur, which was identified as specific kinematic features of the knee joint. , all measurements were accurate to <1 mm and <1°. , all knee measurements showed rollback motion (the rollback distance of the medial femoral condyle was 18.1 ± 3.7 mm and that of the lateral condyle was 31.1 ± 7.3 mm) and screw home motion. In the application scenario of knee joint kinematics measurement, our method has an accuracy of <1° of rotation angle and <1 mm of translation for all reference points, and it can be employed to identify the most stable axis of the knee joint. Using our method to accumulate data on the knee rotation axis of more subjects to establish an average rotation axis of a given population may help in knee prosthesis design and reduce the patient dissatisfaction rate. Individually measuring the patient's rotation axis before TKA surgery and adjusting the prosthesis installation in TKA may further reduce the patient dissatisfaction rate, and automatic computer measurement may be realized in the future, but it is still time-consuming for now.
PubMed: 36601392
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904012 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Mar 2024In our previous study, we provided evidence that Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM) and its extracts possess a protective capability against radiation-induced damage,...
BACKGROUND
In our previous study, we provided evidence that Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM) and its extracts possess a protective capability against radiation-induced damage, potentially mediated through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). However, we were pleasantly surprised to discover during our experimentation that AM not only offers protection against radiation damage but also exhibits a radiation sensitization effect. This effect may be attributed to a specific small molecule present in AM known as ononin. Currently, radiation sensitizers are predominantly found in nitrazole drugs and nanomaterials, with no existing reports on the radiation sensitization properties of ononin, nor its underlying mechanism.
PURPOSE
This study aims to investigate the sensitization effect of the small molecule ononin derived from AM on lung cancer radiotherapy, elucidating its specific molecular mechanism of action. Additionally, the safety profile of combining astragalus small molecule ononin with radiation therapy will be evaluated.
METHODS
The effective concentration of ononin was determined through cell survival experiments, and the impact of ononin combined with varying doses of radiation on lung cancer cells was observed using CCK-8 and cell cloning experiments. The apoptotic effect of ononin combined with radiation on lung cancer cells was assessed using Hochester staining, flow cytometry, and WB assay. Additionally, WB and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to investigate the influence of ononin on HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics Simulation was employed to validate the targeted binding ability of ononin and HIF-1α. A lung cancer cell line was established to investigate the effects of knockdown and overexpression of HIF-1α. Subsequently, the experiment was repeated using tumor bearing nude mice and C57BL/6 mouse models in an in vivo study. Tumor volume was measured using a vernier caliper, while HE, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to observe the effects of ononin combined with radiation on tumor morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. Additionally, Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the impact of ononin on HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in vivo, and its effect on liver function in mice was assessed through biochemistry analysis.
RESULTS
At a concentration of 25 μM, ononin did not affect the proliferation of lung epithelial cells but inhibited the survival of lung cancer cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the combination of ononin and radiation could effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and suppress the excessive activation of the Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha/Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the combination of ononin and radiation reduced the size and proliferation of lung cancer tumors, promoted cancer cell apoptosis, mitigated abnormal activation of the Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha pathway, and protected against liver function damage.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that the combination of AM and its small molecule ononin can enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer to radiation. Additionally, it has been observed that this combination can specifically target HIF-1α and exert its effects. Notably, ononin exhibits the unique ability to protect liver function from damage while simultaneously enhancing the tumor-killing effects of radiation, thereby demonstrating a synergistic and detoxifying role in tumor radiotherapy. These findings contribute to the establishment of a solid basis for the development of novel radiation sensitizers derived from traditional Chinese medicine.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Lung Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Mice, Nude; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Glucosides; Isoflavones
PubMed: 38308918
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155290 -
Cureus Mar 2022Background Kidney size determination and sonographic follow-up are important in clinical diagnosis and treatment in children. Various anthropometric measurements are...
Background Kidney size determination and sonographic follow-up are important in clinical diagnosis and treatment in children. Various anthropometric measurements are correlated with gestational age and birth weight and are used to identify high-risk babies in need of early interventions. Although foot length has emerged as a simple and reliable anthropometric measurement, it is not correlated with kidney size, except in the fetal period. This study was undertaken to find a correlation between foot length and kidney dimensions and estimate kidney size by finding regression equations in newborns. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and 216 newborns were enrolled at a tertiary care hospital. Foot length was measured by digital Vernier calipers and kidney dimensions were measured by ultrasonography. The Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression tests were used to determine the relationship between foot length and kidney dimensions. Results Foot lengths and kidney dimensions were comparable in males and females as well as on the right and left sides, except for kidney length, which was found to be longer in males. Both right and left foot lengths showed highly significant (p<0.001) but small, positive correlations with corresponding side kidney length, breadth, and area, with R-values ranging from 0.2874 to 0.3668. However, the correlation between birth weight and foot length was significant, positive, and moderate (r=0.6962 and 0.6923 for right and left foot lengths, respectively). The regression equation for estimation of kidney size from foot length was obtained but the variance explained was small (e.g. R=0.1325 for right kidney length). Out of 216 babies in our study, 10 babies had a renal anomaly. Conclusions We found a significant but small, positive correlation between foot length and kidney dimensions. Only 13.25% of the variance in kidney length was associated with foot length. Birth weight also had a significant and positive but small correlation with kidney dimensions. However, the correlation of birth weight with foot length was moderate, and a 57.14% variance in foot length was associated with birth weight. Multivariate regression analysis with more anthropometric parameters and gestational age may help in finding a better estimation of kidney size.
PubMed: 35475101
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23352 -
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.... Dec 2013The purpose of the study is to determine the precision of whole globe and cornea measurements acquired using calipers, and to quantify the intraoperator and...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study is to determine the precision of whole globe and cornea measurements acquired using calipers, and to quantify the intraoperator and interoperator variance.
DESIGN
Experimental study.
PARTICIPANTS
Ten human donor eyes.
METHODS
Ten human eyes (donor age, 16-54 years) were obtained between 18.5 and 66.5 hours postmortem. The horizontal and vertical diameters and the anteroposterior length of the globe were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The horizontal and vertical diameters of the cornea were measured using both a digital Vernier caliper and a Castroviejo caliper. The measurements were performed by 3 operators with 5 repeat measurements for each dimension.
RESULTS
No significant differences were observed between measurements of globe anteroposterior length, horizontal diameter, and vertical diameter. Horizontal corneal diameter was greater than vertical diameter with all instruments and all operators. Variability of either instrument did not change with measurement object scale, and was similar across all operators. No significant differences were observed between the variabilities of the 2 devices. The mean intraoperator SD was 0.127 ± 0.023 mm with the digital caliper and 0.094 ± 0.056 mm with the Castroviejo caliper.
CONCLUSIONS
The precision of commercially available calipers in ophthalmic biometry measurements is limited to approximately 0.1 mm.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biometry; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Eye; Humans; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Tissue Donors; Young Adult
PubMed: 24314412
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2013.07.007 -
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2023The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL),...
AIM
The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months-18 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58°CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41°CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD × 100/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The mean age was 6.66 ± 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 ± 3.33 mm and 87.96 ± 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 ± 3.05 and 86.22 ± 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 ± 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm ± 2.63 and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 ± 1.65 and in females was 35.84 ± 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male - 55.37 ± 4.75 mm and 58.56 ± 5.34 mm, female - 53.32 ± 4.74 mm and 46.26 ± 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD.
CONCLUSION
This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children's spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative.
PubMed: 38059076
DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_326_22 -
Acta Medica Academica Apr 2022The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the prevalence of an elongated styloid process in relation to...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the prevalence of an elongated styloid process in relation to side and gender.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The present study included 200 human skulls which were procured from the rich osteological collections of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo. The styloid process was observed macroscopically on both sides of all the skulls and elongations, if any, were noted. The lengths of the styloid processes were measured using digital vernier calipers. The measurements were taken from the point of emergence of the process (base) up to the tip.
RESULTS
Out of 200 specimens, only 14 cases (7%) exhibited an elongated styloid process. The mean length of the styloid process was 25.8±4.68 mm and 24.2±4.54 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. The size of the styloid process did not different significantly between the two sides (P=0.724). The mean length of the styloid process was 24.05±3.54 mm in females and 25.95±5.68 mm in males, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.023).
CONCLUSION
The study and knowledge of the anatomical variations of the styloid process in the Bosnian population may help clinicians to diagnose Eagle's syndrome. Knowledge of this disorder can prevent the worsening of the painful symptoms related to an elongated styloid process.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Ossification, Heterotopic; Pain; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 35695402
DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.369 -
Cureus May 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological features of the distal femur, with a specific focus on the facies patellaris femoris.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological features of the distal femur, with a specific focus on the facies patellaris femoris.
METHODS
A total of 45 dry femurs from adult individuals (24 right, 21 left) were used for the study. Measurements were taken using a calibrated digital vernier caliper and a contour gauge.
RESULTS
Anteroposterior (AP) measurements were taken for the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, as well as the articular surfaces of the facies patellaris, sulcus height (51.186±3.81mm), trochlear depth (7.436±1.19mm), and trochlear index (2.295±0.06mm). The results showed that the width of the facies patellaris had a significant positive correlation with the trochlear depth and trochlear index. The length of the facies patellaris was positively correlated with the AP length of the medial condyle and sulcus height, although it was not statistically significant. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the length, width, and medial and lateral articular surfaces of the facies patellaris (p<0.005).
CONCLUSION
Understanding the relationship between the morphometry of the medial and lateral condyles of the distal femur and the morphometry of the facies patellaris, sulcus height, trochlear depth, and trochlear index and examining the anatomy of the distal femur and patella in individuals are crucial factors for determining appropriate medical treatment and implant selection and compatibility. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to clinicians' interventions in this region (total knee arthroplasty/replacement operation etc.). These data can also be used by implant designers and forensic experts during investigations.
PubMed: 37303382
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38839 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Aug 2017This study was based on digital orthodontic diagnosis work flow for indirect bonding transfer tray model design and three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the aim of this...
OBJECTIVE
This study was based on digital orthodontic diagnosis work flow for indirect bonding transfer tray model design and three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the aim of this paper was to inspect the dimensional accuracyof 3D printed brackets, which is the foundation of the follow up work and hoped that will illuminate the clinical application of the digital orthodontics work flow.
METHODS
The samples which consisted of 14 cases of patients with malocclusion from Department of Orthodontics Peking University were selected, including 8 cases with tooth extraction and 6 cases without tooth extraction. All the 14 patients were taken intra-oral scan (Trios 3Shape, Denmark) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT, NewTom 3G volumetric scanner, Aperio Service,Italy)shooting after periodontal treatment. STL data and DICOM data were obtained from intraoral scans and CBCT images.Data segmentation, registration, fusion, automatic tooth arrangement, virtual positioning of orthodontic appliance and conversion the coordinates of malocclusion model were all done with self-programming software. The data of 3D printing model with brackets on it were output finally and printed out with EDEN260V (Objet Geometries, Israel) to make indirect bonding transfer tray. Digital vernier caliper was used to measure the length and width of upper and lower left brackets and buccal tubes on those 3D models after removal of surrounding supporting material by ultrasonic vibration and water-spray. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed by using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and one-sample T test was used to compare the measurements with the standard dimensional data of the brackets.
RESULTS
There were significant differences which range in 0.04-0.17 mm between the 13 items out of the 19 measurement items. Except for the length of the lower left premolars'brackets, mean values of the other items were greater than the test value.
CONCLUSION
Although the measurement results in the width of brackets and the width and length of the buccal tubes obtained experimentally were slightly larger than the test value,this may not reduce the accuracy of indirect bonding procedure in clinic necessarily. Whether the differences which range in 0.04-0.17 mm would actually affect the retention and positioning of brackets needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Malocclusion; Models, Dental; Orthodontic Brackets; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 28816292
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jul 2021To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex.
STUDY DESIGN
Three hundred children of age 6-12 years, from different schools of Moradabad city were included. The participants were divided into three groups based on their age i.e Group 1 (n=100) 6-8 years, Group 2 (n=100) 8-10 years and Group 3 (n=100) 10-12 yrs. Three recordings of maximum mouth opening (MMO) were obtained using digital vernier caliper and the mean of three was considered as the MMO of that child. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlation, ANOVA with post- hoc Bonferroni test. The significance level was predetermined at p≤0.05 .
RESULTS
The mean MMO for children of Moradabad of aged 6-8yrs in boys is 39.87 ± 4.91 mm and in girls is 36.85± 4.09 mm. In 8-10 yeas age group, the MMO in boys is 44.5± 5.1 mm and in girls 41.77± 5.24 mm. In 10-12 year age group, the MMO in boys is 49.63± 5.56 mm and in girls is 49.33±5.32 mm respectively. The MMO was found to be higher in boys in all the three age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant difference in values of MMO in all the three age groups with boys having higher MMO values when compared to girls. Varying range of MMO values was observed within three age groups.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth
PubMed: 34192751
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.12