-
Infection and Immunity May 2009
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 19255188
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01046-08 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology May 2019spp. are ubiquitous marine bacteria with high metabolism flexibility and genome plasticity. Previous studies have revealed the dynamics of planktonic vibrios in...
spp. are ubiquitous marine bacteria with high metabolism flexibility and genome plasticity. Previous studies have revealed the dynamics of planktonic vibrios in relation to environmental forces, such as temperature and salinity. However, little is known about ecology in benthic environments. Here, we elucidate the abundance, diversity, and spatial distribution of spp. in sediments of the Chinese marginal seas, with a wide spatial range from north to south covering the Yellow Sea (YS), East China Sea (ECS), and South China Sea (SCS). Quantitative analysis showed that spp. were most abundant in the SCS (∼9.04 × 10 copies/g) compared to the YS (∼1.00 × 10 copies/g) and ECS (∼8.86 × 10 copies/g). community compositions derived from Illumina sequencing of -specific 16S rRNA genes varied significantly between sampling areas, which was reflected by a strong distance-decay pattern. The spatial distribution of was governed by a joint effect of spatial and environmental factors (especially temperature, salinity, and SiO), and their respective pure effects explained only a small fraction of the community variation. Moreover, we identified the most prominent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were partitioned in these sea areas. Whereas OTU20 and were prevalent in the YS, and , and , , and were prevalent in the ECS and SCS, respectively. Our study demonstrated clear spatial heterogeneity of spp. in sediments of the Chinese marginal seas, laying a foundation for fully understanding the marine ecology and the ecological roles of the species. is an important component of natural marine microbial populations in terms of pathogenicity and roles in carbon cycling. Compared to the marine pelagic environment, our knowledge of the diversity and distribution pattern of spp. in sediment is limited. Here, we show higher abundance in Chinese marginal seas than in other studied sediments. There was a clear spatial differentiation of abundance and community composition in different sea areas. The benthic community displayed a strong distance-decay pattern across a wide spatial range, which was formed under the combined effects of spatial and environmental factors. These results provide deep insights into the ecological dynamics of and its environmental controls, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of the marine ecology.
Topics: Biodiversity; China; Geologic Sediments; Oceans and Seas; Vibrio
PubMed: 30877118
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03064-18 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023Marine water temperatures are increasing globally, with eastern Australian estuaries warming faster than predicted. There is growing evidence that this rapid warming of...
Marine water temperatures are increasing globally, with eastern Australian estuaries warming faster than predicted. There is growing evidence that this rapid warming of coastal waters is increasing the abundance and virulence of pathogenic members of the Vibrionaceae, posing a significant health risk to both humans and aquatic organisms. Fish disease, notably outbreaks of emerging pathogens in response to environmental perturbations such as heatwaves, have been recognised in aquaculture settings. Considerably less is known about how rising sea surface temperatures will impact the microbiology of wild fish populations, particularly those within estuarine systems that are more vulnerable to warming. We used a combination of Vibrio-specific quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and hsp60 genes to examine seawater and fish (Pelates sexlineatus) gut microbial communities across a quasi-natural experimental system, where thermal pollution from coal-fired power stations creates a temperature gradient of up to 6 °C, compatible with future predicted temperature increases. At the warmest site, fish hindgut microbial communities were in a state of dysbiosis characterised by shifts in beta diversity and a proliferation (71.5% relative abundance) of the potential fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. Comparable patterns were not identified in the surrounding seawater, indicating opportunistic proliferation within estuarine fish guts under thermal stress. A subsequent evaluation of predicted future warming-related risk due to pathogenic Vibrionaceae in temperate estuarine fish demonstrated that warming is likely to drive opportunistic pathogen increases in the upper latitudinal range of this estuarine fish, potentially impacting adaptations to future warming. These findings represent a breakthrough in our understanding of the dynamics of emerging pathogens in populations of wild aquatic organisms within environments likely to experience rapid warming under future climate change.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aquatic Organisms; Australia; Dysbiosis; Estuaries; Fishes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Temperature; Vibrionaceae; Water; Intestines
PubMed: 36584839
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115144 -
Biocontrol Science Dec 2011Vibrio parahaemolyticus was discovered by Tsunesaburo Fujino after a shirasu food poisoning outbreak in 1950, but at that time the isolate was named Pasteurella... (Review)
Review
Vibrio parahaemolyticus was discovered by Tsunesaburo Fujino after a shirasu food poisoning outbreak in 1950, but at that time the isolate was named Pasteurella parahaemolytica, not Vibrio. Although the isolate resembled Vibrio, some properties did not correspond with those of Vibrio. For example, the curved cell form of the cell was one of the important taxonomical indicators of the genus, but the isolate was straight in form. After 5 years, Iwao Takikawa isolated a similar bacterium from a food poisoning case and found the halophilic property of the isolate. He named the isolate Pseudomonas enteritis. In 1960, due to the progress of taxonomy, various scientific indices were adjusted, and Davis and Parks defined the taxonomical position of the genus Vibrio, and Fujino et al. and Sakazaki et al. reexamined the above isolates and confirmed that those were the same species in the genus Vibrio and proposed the new scientific name Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Last year was the 60th year since the discovery of the bacterium, and the discoverer was the first president of our organization, the Society for Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Japan. Some recollections including the correlation between the Kanagawa phenomenon and human pathogenicity, the major pathogenic factor TDH (thermostable direct hemolysin) and its related hemolysin (TRH: TDH related hemolysin) are also summarized.
Topics: Terminology as Topic; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 22190435
DOI: 10.4265/bio.16.129 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 1979An accurate plate diffusion bioassay for chloramphenicol is described, in which the fast-replicating Beneckea natriegens and 1.5% salt agar are used. Zones of inhibition...
An accurate plate diffusion bioassay for chloramphenicol is described, in which the fast-replicating Beneckea natriegens and 1.5% salt agar are used. Zones of inhibition were well defined after 3 h, and the limit of sensitivity of the method was around 2 mug/ml. The concurrent presence of gentamicin did not influence the assay. The assay is simple to carry out and duplicate assays can be performed with as little as 100 mug of capillary blood.
Topics: Biological Assay; Chloramphenicol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Vibrio; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 314271
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.16.1.43 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2022The Splendidus clade is the largest clade in Vibrionaceae, and its members are often related to mortality of marine animals with huge economic losses. The molecular...
The Splendidus clade is the largest clade in Vibrionaceae, and its members are often related to mortality of marine animals with huge economic losses. The molecular bases of their pathogenicity and virulence, however, remain largely unknown. In particular, the complete genome sequences of the Splendidus clade species are rarely registered, which is one of the obstacles to predict core and/or unique genes responsible for their adaptation and pathogenicity, and to perform a fine scale meta-transcriptome during bacterial infection to their hosts. In this study, we obtained the complete genomes of all type strains in the Splendidus clade and revealed that (1) different genome sizes (4.4-5.9 Mb) with V. lentus the biggest and most of them had several big plasmids, likely because of the different features on mobilome elements; (2) the Splendidus clade consists of 19 species except V. cortegadensis, and 3 sub-clades (SC) were defined with the 15 most closely related members as SC1; (3) different carbohydrate degradation preferences may be the result of environmental adaptation; and (4) a broad prediction of virulence factors (VFs) revealed core and species unique VF genes.
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrates; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Vibrionaceae; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Genome
PubMed: 36106979
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16209 -
International Journal of Food... Jun 2024The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the... (Review)
Review
The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the industry. To further better investigate the fitness of Vp at the phenotypical level, a great number of studies have been conducted in recent years using plate counting methods. In the meantime, with the increasing accessibility of the next generation sequencing and the advances in analytical chemistry techniques, omics-oriented biotechnologies have further advanced our knowledge in the survival and virulence mechanisms of Vp at various molecular levels. These observations provide insights to guide the development of novel prevention and control strategies and benefit the monitoring and mitigation of food safety risks associated with Vp contamination. To timely capture these recent advances, this review firstly summarizes the most recent phenotypical level studies and provide insights about the survival of Vp under important in vitro stresses and on aquatic products. After that, molecular survival mechanisms of Vp at transcriptomic and proteomic levels are summarized and discussed. Looking forward, other newer omics-biotechnology such as metabolomics and secretomics show great potential to be used for confirming the cellular responses of Vp. Powerful data mining tools from the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, that can better utilize the omics data and solve complex problems in the processing, analysis, and interpretation of omics data, will further improve our mechanistic understanding of Vp.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Seafood; Proteomics; Virulence; Food Microbiology; Humans; Transcriptome; Animals
PubMed: 38631283
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110691 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2019Synthetic monorhamnolipids differ from biologically produced material because they are produced as single congeners, depending on the β-hydroxyalkanoic acid used during...
Synthetic monorhamnolipids differ from biologically produced material because they are produced as single congeners, depending on the β-hydroxyalkanoic acid used during synthesis. Each congener is produced as one of four possible diastereomers resulting from two chiral centers at the carbinols of the lipid tails [(R,R), (R,S), (S,R) and (S,S)]. We compare the biodegradability (CO respirometry), acute toxicity (Microtox assay), embryo toxicity (Zebrafish assay), and cytotoxicity (xCELLigence and MTS assays) of synthetic rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (Rha-C10-C10) monorhamnolipids against biosynthesized monorhamnolipid mixtures (bio-mRL). All Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL were inherently biodegradable ranging from 34 to 92% mineralized. The Microtox assay showed all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL are slightly toxic according to the US EPA ecotoxicity categories with 5 min EC values ranging from 39.6 to 87.5 μM. The zebrafish assay showed that of 22 developmental endpoints tested, only mortality was observed at 120 h post fertilization; all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL caused significant mortality at 640 μM, except the Rha-C10-C10 (R,R) which showed no developmental effects. xCELLigence and MTS showed IC values ranging from 103.4 to 191.1 μM for human lung cell line H1299 after 72 h exposure. These data provide key information regarding Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers that is pertinent when considering potential applications.
Topics: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cell Line; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryonic Development; Glycolipids; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stereoisomerism; Surface-Active Agents; Vibrionaceae; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30390580
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.050 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2016Chitinolytic microorganisms secrete a range of chitin modifying enzymes, which can be exploited for production of chitin derived products or as fungal or pest control...
Chitinolytic microorganisms secrete a range of chitin modifying enzymes, which can be exploited for production of chitin derived products or as fungal or pest control agents. Here, we explored the potential of 11 marine bacteria (, ) for chitin degradation using in silico and phenotypic assays. Of 10 chitinolytic strains, three strains, S2753, S2040 and S2724, produced large clearing zones on chitin plates. All strains were antifungal, but against different fungal targets. One strain, S2040, had a pronounced antifungal activity against all seven fungal strains. There was no correlation between the number of chitin modifying enzymes as found by genome mining and the chitin degrading activity as measured by size of clearing zones on chitin agar. Based on in silico and in vitro analyses, we cloned and expressed two ChiA-like chitinases from the two most potent candidates to exemplify the industrial potential.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Chitin; Chitinases; Marine Biology; Pseudoalteromonas; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 27999269
DOI: 10.3390/md14120230 -
BMC Genomics Jul 2009The steadily increasing number of prokaryotic genomes has accelerated the study of genome evolution; in particular, the availability of sets of genomes from closely...
BACKGROUND
The steadily increasing number of prokaryotic genomes has accelerated the study of genome evolution; in particular, the availability of sets of genomes from closely related bacteria has facilitated the exploration of the mechanisms underlying genome plasticity. The family Vibrionaceae is found in the Gammaproteobacteria and is abundant in aquatic environments. Taxa from the family Vibrionaceae are diversified in their life styles; some species are free living, others are symbiotic, and others are human pathogens. This diversity makes this family a useful set of model organisms for studying bacterial evolution. This evolution is driven by several forces, among them gene duplication and lateral gene transfer, which are believed to provide raw material for functional redundancy and novelty. The resultant gene copy increase in one genome is then detected as lineage-specific expansion (LSE).
RESULTS
Here we present the results of a detailed comparison of the genomes of eleven Vibrionaceae strains that have distinct life styles and distinct phenotypes. The core genome shared by all eleven strains is composed of 1,882 genes, which make up about 31%-50% of the genome repertoire. We further investigated the distribution and features of genes that have been specifically expanded in one unique lineage of the eleven strains. Abundant duplicate genes have been identified in the eleven Vibrionaceae strains, with 1-11% of the whole genomes composed lineage specific radiations. These LSEs occurred in two distinct patterns: the first type yields one or more copies of a single gene; we call this a single gene expansion. The second pattern has a high evolutionary impact, as the expansion involves two or more gene copies in a block, with the duplicated block located next to the original block (a contiguous block expansion) or at some distance from the original block (a discontiguous block expansion). We showed that LSEs involve genes that are tied to defense and pathogenesis mechanisms as well as in the fundamental life cycle of Vibrionaceae species.
CONCLUSION
Our results provide evidence of genome plasticity and rapid evolution within the family Vibrionaceae. The comparisons point to sources of genomic variation and candidates for lineage-specific adaptations of each Vibrionaceae pathogen or nonpathogen strain. Such lineage specific expansions could reveal components in bacterial systems that, by their enhanced genetic variability, can be tied to responses to environmental challenges, interesting phenotypes, or adaptive pathogenic responses to host challenges.
Topics: Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Bacterial; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 19594870
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-S1-S11