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The American Psychologist Jan 2016School shootings tear the fabric of society. In the wake of a school shooting, parents, pediatricians, policymakers, politicians, and the public search for "the" cause... (Review)
Review
School shootings tear the fabric of society. In the wake of a school shooting, parents, pediatricians, policymakers, politicians, and the public search for "the" cause of the shooting. But there is no single cause. The causes of school shootings are extremely complex. After the Sandy Hook Elementary School rampage shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, we wrote a report for the National Science Foundation on what is known and not known about youth violence. This article summarizes and updates that report. After distinguishing violent behavior from aggressive behavior, we describe the prevalence of gun violence in the United States and age-related risks for violence. We delineate important differences between violence in the context of rare rampage school shootings, and much more common urban street violence. Acts of violence are influenced by multiple factors, often acting together. We summarize evidence on some major risk factors and protective factors for youth violence, highlighting individual and contextual factors, which often interact. We consider new quantitative "data mining" procedures that can be used to predict youth violence perpetrated by groups and individuals, recognizing critical issues of privacy and ethical concerns that arise in the prediction of violence. We also discuss implications of the current evidence for reducing youth violence, and we offer suggestions for future research. We conclude by arguing that the prevention of youth violence should be a national priority. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Aggression; Homicide; Humans; Risk Factors; Schools; United States; Violence
PubMed: 26766763
DOI: 10.1037/a0039687 -
Journal of Nursing Management Sep 2022This analysis investigates the concept of violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department. It aims to differentiate, clarify, and clearly... (Review)
Review
AIM
This analysis investigates the concept of violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department. It aims to differentiate, clarify, and clearly identify this specific concept, which will facilitate more apt measurement and reporting, ultimately to contribute violence reduction measures.
BACKGROUND
Due to contextual factors, occupational risk and patient characteristics, violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department varies from other types of violence against other health care staff.
METHODS
This study employed Walker and Avant's concept analysis technique.
RESULTS
The analysis found that violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department is primarily an occurrence of interpersonal violence based on the working relationship, whereby the patient and/or visitor becomes an assailant, and a nurse becomes a target in the absence of capable guardianship. There is also an intentional use of physical force or power, which results in or has a high chance of causing harm.
CONCLUSION
A clearer understanding of the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of violence against nurses by patients and visitors arising from this concept analysis provides a framework that will assist in the understanding, measurement, reporting, and prevention of violence and inform future research.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing managers are encouraged to adopt strategies that act on the factors related to attributes and antecedents that will serve to reduce the occurrence of intentional violent acts.
Topics: Aggression; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Violence; Workplace Violence
PubMed: 35700325
DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13721 -
Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem Nov 2018to analyze the scientific production on obstetric violence by identifying and discussing its main characteristics in the routine care for the pregnant-puerperal cycle. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
to analyze the scientific production on obstetric violence by identifying and discussing its main characteristics in the routine care for the pregnant-puerperal cycle.
METHOD
integrative literature review of 24 publications indexed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, SciVerse Scopus, Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library Online and Virtual Health Library.
RESULTS
the publications are intensified from 2015 onwards and present methodological designs of quantitative and qualitative nature. In the discussion, we first address the concept of obstetric violence and its different forms of occurrence in care. Then, interfaces of the phenomenon are presented with reflections related to the conception of gender, the different actors involved, the institutionalization, and the invisibility and trivialization of the event. Finally, strategies to combat the problem are presented through academic training, women's awareness, proposals of social mobilization, and creation of public policies and laws.
CONCLUSION
obstetric violence portrays a violation of human rights and a serious public health problem and is revealed in the form of negligent, reckless, omissive, discriminatory and disrespectful acts practiced by health professionals and legitimized by the symbolic relations of power that naturalize and trivialize their occurrence.
Topics: Brazil; Delivery, Obstetric; Exposure to Violence; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Pregnancy; Professional-Patient Relations; Violence; Women's Rights; Workplace Violence
PubMed: 30517571
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2450.3069 -
American Journal of Public Health May 2021
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Black or African American; Humans; Narration; Racism; United States; Violence; Young Adult
PubMed: 34038149
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306309 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Dec 2013
Topics: Health Personnel; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; United Kingdom; Violence
PubMed: 24298092
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-6-531 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Dec 2020
Topics: Health Personnel; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Social Change; United States; Violence; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 32744864
DOI: 10.7326/M20-4411 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2022to identify scientific evidence on gender violence perpetrated against trans women. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
to identify scientific evidence on gender violence perpetrated against trans women.
METHODS
integrative review, carried out in June 2020, without time frame, in the Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, WoS, PsycInfo and LILACS databases. The controlled descriptors of DeCS, MeSH and their entry terms were used: "Transgender People", "Transgender", "Gender Identity", "Transsexuality", "Gender Violence", "Aggression", "Sexual Offenses", "Rape", "Violence", "Domestic Violence". The presentation and synthesis of the results were presented in the PRISMA-2009 flowchart.
RESULTS
the final sample, consisting of 16 articles, identified different types of violence (sexual, physical, verbal, psychological and financial), perpetrated by family members, strangers, police officers, intimate partners, health professionals, acquaintances, or friends.
CONCLUSIONS
trans women suffer violence and social exclusion that result from stigma and discrimination due to gender identity and result in unrestricted damage to physical health.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Female; Gender Identity; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Sex Offenses; Transsexualism
PubMed: 35262561
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0173 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Sep 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Violence
PubMed: 33012855
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.20.263467 -
American Journal of Public Health May 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Domestic Violence; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Pandemics; Public Health; SARS-CoV-2; Violence
PubMed: 35417221
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306753 -
American Journal of Epidemiology Oct 2022Substantial evidence suggests that economic hardship causes violence. However, a large majority of this research relies on observational studies that use traditional...
Substantial evidence suggests that economic hardship causes violence. However, a large majority of this research relies on observational studies that use traditional violence surveillance systems that suffer from selection bias and over-represent vulnerable populations, such as people of color. To overcome limitations of prior work, we employed a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of the Great Recession on explicit violence diagnoses (injuries identified to be caused by a violent event) and proxy violence diagnoses (injuries highly correlated with violence) for child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and their combination. We used Minnesota hospital data (2004-2014), conducting a difference-in-differences analysis at the county level (n = 86) using linear regression to compare changes in violence rates from before the recession (2004-2007) to after the recession (2008-2014) in counties most affected by the recession, versus changes over the same time period in counties less affected by the recession. The findings suggested that the Great Recession had little or no impact on explicitly identified violence; however, it affected proxy-identified violence. Counties that were more highly affected by the Great Recession saw a greater increase in the average rate of proxy-identified child abuse, elder abuse, intimate partner violence, and combined violence when compared with less-affected counties.
Topics: Aged; Child; Humans; Child Abuse; Elder Abuse; Intimate Partner Violence; Violence; Vulnerable Populations; Economic Recession; Minnesota; Hospitals; Linear Models; Male; Female
PubMed: 35767881
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac114