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Virology May 2015Viral diagnosis and discovery are receiving increasing emphasis with the recognition of their importance in addressing the challenges of emerging infectious and chronic... (Review)
Review
Viral diagnosis and discovery are receiving increasing emphasis with the recognition of their importance in addressing the challenges of emerging infectious and chronic diseases, and the advent of antiviral drugs with which to reduce the morbidity and mortality of viral infections. Here we review the status of the field including the use of molecular, proteomic and immunological assays for viral detection, social media platforms for surveillance, and public health investments that may enable enhanced situational awareness and insights into the origins of zoonotic viral diseases.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Humans; Social Media; Virology; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 25731958
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.006 -
Trends in Microbiology Nov 2020While conventional in vitro culture systems and animal models have been used to study the pathogenesis of viral infections and to facilitate development of vaccines and... (Review)
Review
While conventional in vitro culture systems and animal models have been used to study the pathogenesis of viral infections and to facilitate development of vaccines and therapeutics for viral diseases, models that can accurately recapitulate human responses to infection are still lacking. Human organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture devices that recapitulate tissue-tissue interfaces, fluid flows, mechanical cues, and organ-level physiology have been developed to narrow the gap between in vitro experimental models and human pathophysiology. Here, we describe how recent developments in Organ Chips have enabled re-creation of complex pathophysiological features of human viral infections in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Microfluidics; Organ Culture Techniques; Virology; Virus Diseases; Virus Physiological Phenomena; Viruses
PubMed: 32674988
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.06.005 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 2018Roger W. Hendrix was at the forefront of bacteriophage biology for nearly 50 years and was central to our understanding of both viral capsid assembly and phage genomic... (Review)
Review
Roger W. Hendrix was at the forefront of bacteriophage biology for nearly 50 years and was central to our understanding of both viral capsid assembly and phage genomic diversity and evolution. Roger's warm and gentle demeanor belied a razor-sharp mind and warmed him to numerous highly productive collaborations that amplified his scientific impact. Roger was always completely open with scientific ideas while at the same time quietly agitating with a stream of new ways of thinking about problems and nudging our communities to search for innovative solutions: a gentle but highly effective provocateur.
Topics: Bacteriophages; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; United States; Universities; Virology
PubMed: 29463602
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00058-18 -
Viruses Dec 2023Norway is situated in a remote and sparsely inhabited part of the world with about 5 [...].
Norway is situated in a remote and sparsely inhabited part of the world with about 5 [...].
Topics: Norway; Virology
PubMed: 38140624
DOI: 10.3390/v15122383 -
Genetics Dec 2018RNA viruses are diverse, abundant, and rapidly evolving. Genetic data have been generated from virus populations since the late 1970s and used to understand their... (Review)
Review
RNA viruses are diverse, abundant, and rapidly evolving. Genetic data have been generated from virus populations since the late 1970s and used to understand their evolution, emergence, and spread, culminating in the generation and analysis of many thousands of viral genome sequences. Despite this wealth of data, evolutionary genetics has played a surprisingly small role in our understanding of virus evolution. Instead, studies of RNA virus evolution have been dominated by two very different perspectives, the experimental and the comparative, that have largely been conducted independently and sometimes antagonistically. Here, we review the insights that these two approaches have provided over the last 40 years. We show that experimental approaches using and laboratory models are largely focused on short-term intrahost evolutionary mechanisms, and may not always be relevant to natural systems. In contrast, the comparative approach relies on the phylogenetic analysis of natural virus populations, usually considering data collected over multiple cycles of virus-host transmission, but is divorced from the causative evolutionary processes. To truly understand RNA virus evolution it is necessary to meld experimental and comparative approaches within a single evolutionary genetic framework, and to link viral evolution at the intrahost scale with that which occurs over both epidemiological and geological timescales. We suggest that the impetus for this new synthesis may come from methodological advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomics.
Topics: Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Metagenomics; Phylogeny; RNA Viruses; Virology
PubMed: 30523166
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301556 -
Mass Spectrometry Reviews Sep 2020Virology, as a branch of the life sciences, discovered mass spectrometry (MS) to be the pivotal tool around two decades ago. The technique unveiled the complex network... (Review)
Review
Virology, as a branch of the life sciences, discovered mass spectrometry (MS) to be the pivotal tool around two decades ago. The technique unveiled the complex network of interactions between the living world of pro- and eukaryotes and viruses, which delivered "a piece of bad news wrapped in protein" as defined by Peter Medawar, Nobel Prize Laureate, in 1960. However, MS is constantly evolving, and novel approaches allow for a better understanding of interactions in this micro- and nanoworld. Currently, we can investigate the interplay between the virus and the cell by analyzing proteomes, interactomes, virus-cell interactions, and search for the compounds that build viral structures. In addition, by using MS, it is possible to look at the cell from the broader perspective and determine the role of viral infection on the scale of the organism, for example, monitoring the crosstalk between infected tissues and the immune system. In such a way, MS became one of the major tools for the modern virology, allowing us to see the infection in the context of the whole cell or the organism. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Topics: Capsid; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Viral Proteins; Viral Vaccines; Virology; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 31876329
DOI: 10.1002/mas.21617 -
Viruses Jun 2016The highly pathogenic Marburg virus (MARV) is a member of the Filoviridae family and belongs to the group of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Reverse genetics... (Review)
Review
The highly pathogenic Marburg virus (MARV) is a member of the Filoviridae family and belongs to the group of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Reverse genetics systems established for MARV have been used to study various aspects of the viral replication cycle, analyze host responses, image viral infection, and screen for antivirals. This article provides an overview of the currently established MARV reverse genetic systems based on minigenomes, infectious virus-like particles and full-length clones, and the research that has been conducted using these systems.
Topics: Marburgvirus; Reverse Genetics; Virology
PubMed: 27338448
DOI: 10.3390/v8060178 -
MBio Mar 2014
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Virology; Virus Diseases; Virus Physiological Phenomena; Viruses
PubMed: 24667711
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01003-14 -
Viruses May 2016Single-cell sequencing technologies, i.e., single cell analysis followed by deep sequencing investigate cellular heterogeneity in many biological settings. It was only... (Review)
Review
Single-cell sequencing technologies, i.e., single cell analysis followed by deep sequencing investigate cellular heterogeneity in many biological settings. It was only in the past year that single-cell sequencing analyses has been applied in the field of virology, providing new ways to explore viral diversity and cell response to viral infection, which are summarized in the present review.
Topics: Genomics; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Single-Cell Analysis; Virology; Viruses
PubMed: 27153082
DOI: 10.3390/v8050123 -
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences Apr 2019In this paper I describe aspects of work on the human adenoviruses in which my laboratory has participated. It consists of two sections-one historic dealing with work... (Review)
Review
In this paper I describe aspects of work on the human adenoviruses in which my laboratory has participated. It consists of two sections-one historic dealing with work performed in the previous century, and one dealing with the application of 'omics' technologies to understand how adenovirus-infected cells become reprogrammed to benefit virus multiplication.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Apoptosis; Capsid; Gene Expression Profiling; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Kinetics; Proteome; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Transcriptome; Viral Proteins; Virology
PubMed: 31142167
DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2019.1613698