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European Journal of Preventive... Oct 2021Guidelines recommend considering workload in interpretation of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to exercise, but reference values are lacking.
BACKGROUND
Guidelines recommend considering workload in interpretation of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to exercise, but reference values are lacking.
DESIGN
This was a retrospective, consecutive cohort study.
METHODS
From 12,976 subjects aged 18-85 years who performed a bicycle ergometer exercise test at one centre in Sweden during the years 2005-2016, we excluded those with prevalent cardiovascular disease, comorbidities, cardiac risk factors or medications. We extracted SBP, heart rate and workload (watt) from ≥ 3 time points from each test. The SBP/watt-slope and the SBP/watt-ratio at peak exercise were calculated. Age- and sex-specific mean values, standard deviations and 90th and 95th percentiles were determined. Reference equations for workload-indexed and peak SBP were derived using multiple linear regression analysis, including sex, age, workload, SBP at rest and anthropometric variables as predictors.
RESULTS
A final sample of 3839 healthy subjects (n = 1620 female) were included. While females had lower mean peak SBP than males (188 ± 24 vs 202 ± 22 mmHg, p < 0.001), workload-indexed SBP measures were markedly higher in females; SBP/watt-slope: 0.52 ± 0.21 versus 0.41 ± 0.15 mmHg/watt (p < 0.001); peak SBP/watt-ratio: 1.35 ± 0.34 versus 0.90 ± 0.21 mmHg/watt (p < 0.001). Age, sex, exercise capacity, resting SBP and height were significant predictors of the workload-indexed SBP parameters and were included in the reference equations.
CONCLUSIONS
These novel reference values can aid clinicians and exercise physiologists in interpreting the SBP response to exercise and may provide a basis for future research on the prognostic impact of exercise SBP. In females, a markedly higher SBP in relation to workload could imply a greater peripheral vascular resistance during exercise than in males.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bicycling; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Ergometry; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Workload; Young Adult
PubMed: 34647584
DOI: 10.1177/2047487320909667 -
Optics Express Sep 2023Broadband supercontinuum laser sources in the mid-infrared region have attracted enormous interest and found significant applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing,...
Broadband supercontinuum laser sources in the mid-infrared region have attracted enormous interest and found significant applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, defense, and security. Despite recent advances in mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources using infrared fibers, the average power of those laser sources is limited to 10-watt-level, and further power scaling to over 50 W (or hundred-watt-level) remains a significant technological challenge. Here, we report an over 50 W all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum laser source with a spectral range from 1220 to 3740 nm, by using low loss (<0.1 dB/m) fluorotellurite fibers we developed as the nonlinear medium and a tilted fusion splicing method for reducing the reflection from the fluorotellurite-silica fiber joint. Furthermore, the scalability of all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources using fluorotellurite fibers is analyzed by considering thermal effects and optical damage, which verifies its potential of power scaling to hundred-watt-level. Our results pave the way for realizing all-fiber hundred-watt-level mid-infrared lasers for real applications.
PubMed: 37710636
DOI: 10.1364/OE.498183 -
British Medical Journal Aug 1912
PubMed: 20766272
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2694.350 -
The Dental Register Jan 1871
PubMed: 33697103
DOI: No ID Found -
Developmental Cell Sep 2016Mammalian epidermis is maintained through proliferation of stem cells and differentiation of their progeny. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is... (Review)
Review
Mammalian epidermis is maintained through proliferation of stem cells and differentiation of their progeny. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by a variety of interacting intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although the nature of these interactions is complex, they can be modeled in a reductionist fashion by capturing single epidermal stem cells on micropatterned substrates and exposing them to individual stimuli, alone or in combination, over defined time points. These studies have shown that different extrinsic stimuli trigger a common outcome-initiation of terminal differentiation-by activating different signaling pathways and eliciting different transcriptional responses.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Engineering; Cellular Microenvironment; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Signal Transduction; Single-Cell Analysis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 27676433
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.010 -
Clinical Research in Cardiology :... Mar 2022During the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory masks became an integral part of outdoor sports such as jogging in crowded areas (e.g. city parks) as well as indoor sports in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory masks became an integral part of outdoor sports such as jogging in crowded areas (e.g. city parks) as well as indoor sports in gyms and sports centers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of medical face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory parameters in athletes.
METHODS
In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 well-trained athletes (age 27 ± 7 years, peak oxygen consumption 56.2 ± 5.6 ml kg min, maximum performance 5.1 ± 0.5 Watt kg) underwent three stepwise incremental exercise tests to exhaustion without mask (NM), with surgical mask (SM) and FFP2 mask (FFP2). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were monitored by spiroergometry and blood lactate (BLa) testing throughout the tests.
RESULTS
There was a large effect of masks on performance with a significant reduction of maximum performance with SM (355 ± 41 Watt) and FFP2 (364 ± 43 Watt) compared to NM (377 ± 40 Watt), respectively (p < 0.001; ηp = 0.50). A large interaction effect with a reduction of both oxygen consumption (p < 0.001; ηp = 0.34) and minute ventilation (p < 0.001; ηp = 0.39) was observed. At the termination of the test with SM 11 of 16 subjects reported acute dyspnea from the suction of the wet and deformed mask. No difference in performance was observed at the individual anaerobic threshold (p = 0.90).
CONCLUSION
Both SM and to a lesser extent FFP2 were associated with reduced maximum performance, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. For strenuous anaerobic exercise, an FFP2 mask may be preferred over an SM.
Topics: Adult; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Blood Pressure; COVID-19; Cross-Over Studies; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Masks; Oxygen Consumption; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34091726
DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01877-0 -
Micromachines Nov 2022This paper presents the design and development of a quad-port smart textile antenna for bio-healthcare applications. The antenna is designed to operate in the...
This paper presents the design and development of a quad-port smart textile antenna for bio-healthcare applications. The antenna is designed to operate in the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum (3.1−12 GHz) with an impedance bandwidth of 8.9 GHz. The size of the unit cell and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna are 0.25λ0 × 0.2λ0 × 0.015λ0 and 0.52λ0 × 0.52λ0 × 0.015λ0, respectively. The antenna has a maximum efficiency of 93% and a peak gain of 4.62 dBi. The investigation of diversity metrics is performed and the results obtained are found to be ECC < 0.08 and DG < 9.99 dB. The computed CCL and TARC values are <0.13 bits/s/Hz and <−12 dB, respectively. The SAR analysis of the antenna shows a value of 0.471 Watt/Kg at 4 GHz, 0.39 Watt/Kg at 7 GHz, and 0.22 Watt/Kg at 10 GHz.
PubMed: 36363940
DOI: 10.3390/mi13111919 -
Experimental and Clinical... Dec 2022Open-system electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) permit modifications to device characteristics such as power, potentially increasing nicotine and toxicant...
The interaction of nicotine concentration and device power on electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) abuse liability among exclusive ENDS users and dual users of ENDS and combustible cigarettes.
Open-system electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) permit modifications to device characteristics such as power, potentially increasing nicotine and toxicant delivery. Limiting liquid nicotine concentration may carry unintended consequences by prompting users to increase device power to increase nicotine delivery. This study examined the abuse liability of ENDS across nicotine concentration and power settings. In a clinical laboratory study, = 19 exclusive ENDS users and = 13 dual ENDS/cigarette users, aged 21-55 completed four Latin-square ordered conditions that varied by liquid nicotine concentration (10 mg/ml [low], 30 mg/ml [high]) and device power (15 watts [low], 30 watts [high]), that were followed by a fifth own brand (OB) condition. A progressive ratio task (PRT) using bar presses to earn ENDS puffs was used to assess abuse liability and compare between conditions using mixed effects linear regressions. The low nicotine/high watt condition was associated with a significantly higher number of bar presses and puffs earned relative to the OB ENDS, high nicotine/high watt, and high nicotine/low watt conditions ( < .05). Findings appeared to be driven largely by exclusive ENDS users; most comparisons were not significant among dual users. Participants worked significantly harder for puffs of low nicotine/high watt ENDS, highlighting previous findings that suggest limiting liquid nicotine concentration without addressing power settings may be insufficient to reduce the abuse liability of ENDS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Nicotine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 34647773
DOI: 10.1037/pha0000523 -
EMBO Reports Oct 2023The key to reducing errors in science is collaboration between all practitioners-researchers, funders and editors-through a shared motivation to nurture scientists and...
The key to reducing errors in science is collaboration between all practitioners-researchers, funders and editors-through a shared motivation to nurture scientists and promote discovery.
PubMed: 37712331
DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357887 -
JAMA Pediatrics Oct 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Child; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Therapies, Investigational
PubMed: 32501513
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2435