-
The Pan African Medical Journal 2016
Topics: Aged; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Male; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 28154730
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.41.10510 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jan 2004Xanthomas are cutaneous lesions due to a local accumulation of spumous cells in the dermal tissue or the tendons. Histologically, they are characterized by the presence... (Review)
Review
Xanthomas are cutaneous lesions due to a local accumulation of spumous cells in the dermal tissue or the tendons. Histologically, they are characterized by the presence of histiocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and Touton cells full of lipids. Xanthomas may be found on any part of the body and are usually yellow-orange in color. They may or may not be associated to hyperlipoproteinemia which may be genetic or secondary. A blood test and a complete physical examination are necessary in case such a lesion is discovered. When there is no hyperlipemia some types of xanthomas may be associated to rare diseases. Xanthomas are classified according to their clinical features.
Topics: Biopsy; Causality; Caustics; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocoagulation; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Laser Therapy; Physical Examination; Trichloroacetic Acid; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 15035543
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of physiological changes characterized by a selective loss of fatty tissue. Here, no fat cells are present, either through lack... (Review)
Review
Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of physiological changes characterized by a selective loss of fatty tissue. Here, no fat cells are present, either through lack of differentiation, loss of function or premature apoptosis. As a consequence, lipids can only be stored ectopically in non-adipocytes with the major health consequences as fatty liver and insulin resistance. This is a crucial difference to being slim where the fat cells are present and store lipids if needed. A simple clinical classification of lipodystrophies is based on congenital vs. acquired and generalized vs. partial disturbance of fat distribution. Complications in patients with lipodystrophy depend on the clinical manifestations. For example, in diabetes mellitus microangiopathic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy may develop. In addition, due to ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, fatty liver hepatitis may also develop, possibly with cirrhosis. The consequences of extreme hypertriglyceridemia are typically acute pancreatitis or eruptive xanthomas. The combination of severe hyperglycemia with dyslipidemia and signs of insulin resistance can lead to premature atherosclerosis with its associated complications of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular changes. Overall, lipodystrophy is rare with an estimated incidence for congenital (<1/1.000.000) and acquired (1-9/100.000) forms. Due to the rarity of the syndrome and the phenotypic range of metabolic complications, only studies with limited patient numbers can be considered. Experimental animal models are therefore useful to understand the molecular mechanisms in lipodystrophy and to identify possible therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Body Fat Distribution; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin Resistance; Lamin Type A; Lipid Metabolism; Lipodystrophy; Pancreatitis; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 33233602
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228778 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2013Xanthomas are benign slow-growing dysmetabolism tumours consisting of histiocytes laden with lipid droplets of cholesteryl ester and, sometimes, triglycerides. Two forms...
Xanthomas are benign slow-growing dysmetabolism tumours consisting of histiocytes laden with lipid droplets of cholesteryl ester and, sometimes, triglycerides. Two forms of appearance have been identified: as dyslipidemic xanthomatosis with coexisting alteration of lipids, or as normolipidemic xanthomatosis without any lipid level alterations. Involvement of the upper area of aerodigestive tract by this entity is very rare and there are only a few cases in the literature. We report a case of dyslipidemic xanthomatosis with epiglottic and basilingual involvement that produced oropharyngeal foreign body sensation with dysphagia. Evolution was favourable after laser resection.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Tongue Diseases; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 21835391
DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2011.06.008 -
Lakartidningen Sep 2018
Topics: Achilles Tendon; Adult; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Early Diagnosis; Early Medical Intervention; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous
PubMed: 30252124
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Jun 2014Xanthomas are well circumscribed lesions in the connective tissue of the skin, tendons or fasciae that predominantly consist of foam cells; these specific cells are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Xanthomas are well circumscribed lesions in the connective tissue of the skin, tendons or fasciae that predominantly consist of foam cells; these specific cells are formed from macrophages as a result of an excessive uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and their oxidative modification.
RESULTS
Until recently, xanthelasma was considered to be only a cosmetic lesion; however, according to the results of recent prospective studies it is connected with an increased cardiovascular risk and reduced average lifespan. Pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of xanthomas resemble early stages of atherogenesis. In clinical practice, xanthomas can signalise various congenital or acquired dyslipidemias. The most prevalent form of xanthomas is xanthelasma palpebrarum. Tendinous and tuberous xanthomas are typical for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, as well as for some rare conditions, such as cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and familial β-sitosterolemia. In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, the presence of tendinous xanthomas has been shown to be associated with a two to four times higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Eruptive xanthomas are skin manifestations of a severe hypertriglyceridemia and implicate an elevated risk for acute pancreatitis or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Xanthoma striatum palmare is pathognomic for primary dysbetalipoproteinemia, whereas diffuse plane xanthomas are frequently associated with paraproteinemia and lymphoproliferative disorders.
CONCLUSION
Thorough familiarity with the clinical presentation of xanthomas helps in the diagnosis and follow-up of different forms of dyslipidemia. Moreover, xanthelasma palpebrarum, the most prevalent form of xanthomas, is connected with increased risk of atherothrombotic disease independently of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. To fully understand the pathogenesis, further experimental and clinical research is required.
Topics: Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Skin Diseases; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 24781043
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2014.016 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Aug 2012Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare neoplastic disease of the skin. Since the term was coined in the early 1960s, the disease has been viewed in many ways. For a long... (Review)
Review
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare neoplastic disease of the skin. Since the term was coined in the early 1960s, the disease has been viewed in many ways. For a long time AFX was regarded as a superficial variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). When the concept of MFH was re-evaluated and the term "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma" (UPS) introduced, the controversy about the nature of AFX increased. The following review aims at providing an understanding of the present status of diagnosis and therapy of AFX based on the historical context and current data.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 22709412
DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07980.x -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Apr 2015
Topics: Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 25955452
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.82a.14081 -
Indian Pediatrics Jul 2022
Topics: Child; Humans; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 35869883
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatology Online Journal Jan 2014A 50-year-old man presented with a several month history of a polypoid papule on the scrotum. A dense accumulation of macrophages with foamy cytoplasm was exhibited in...
A 50-year-old man presented with a several month history of a polypoid papule on the scrotum. A dense accumulation of macrophages with foamy cytoplasm was exhibited in the biopsy specimen leading to a diagnosis of verruciform xanthoma.
Topics: Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Foam Cells; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Middle Aged; Scrotum; Skin Diseases; Warts; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 24456956
DOI: No ID Found