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Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2020Along with its high infectivity and fatality rates, the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial impact by causing mass hysteria, economic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Along with its high infectivity and fatality rates, the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial impact by causing mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses. Mass fear of COVID-19, termed as "coronaphobia", has generated a plethora of psychiatric manifestations across the different strata of the society. So, this review has been undertaken to define psychosocial impact of COVID-19.
METHODS
Pubmed and GoogleScholar are searched with the following key terms- "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV2", "Pandemic", "Psychology", "Psychosocial", "Psychitry", "marginalized", "telemedicine", "mental health", "quarantine", "infodemic", "social media" and" "internet". Few news paper reports related to COVID-19 and psychosocial impacts have also been added as per context.
RESULTS
Disease itself multiplied by forced quarantine to combat COVID-19 applied by nationwide lockdowns can produce acute panic, anxiety, obsessive behaviors, hoarding, paranoia, and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the long run. These have been fueled by an "infodemic" spread via different platforms of social media. Outbursts of racism, stigmatization, and xenophobia against particular communities are also being widely reported. Nevertheless, frontline healthcare workers are at higher-risk of contracting the disease as well as experiencing adverse psychological outcomes in form of burnout, anxiety, fear of transmitting infection, feeling of incompatibility, depression, increased substance-dependence, and PTSD. Community-based mitigation programs to combat COVID-19 will disrupt children's usual lifestyle and may cause florid mental distress. The psychosocial aspects of older people, their caregivers, psychiatric patients and marginalized communities are affected by this pandemic in different ways and need special attention.
CONCLUSION
For better dealing with these psychosocial issues of different strata of the society, psychosocial crisis prevention and intervention models should be urgently developed by the government, health care personnel and other stakeholders. Apt application of internet services, technology and social media to curb both pandemic and infodemic needs to be instigated. Psychosocial preparedness by setting up mental organizations specific for future pandemics is certainly necessary.
Topics: Anxiety; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Health Personnel; Humans; Mental Health; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Psychiatry; SARS-CoV-2; Social Marginalization; Socioeconomic Factors; Telemedicine
PubMed: 32526627
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035 -
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine 2022Description This poem explores the experience of being an Asian American care provider and civilian, growing up and trying to mesh together culture with "fitting in" and...
Description This poem explores the experience of being an Asian American care provider and civilian, growing up and trying to mesh together culture with "fitting in" and suffering racism from other individuals and patients. It was inspired by the March 16, 2021, shootings in Atlanta and discusses the origin of hatred and racism/xenophobia. What I hope this conveys is a glimpse into the shared perspectives of many Asian American and Pacific Islanders and describes the optimism moving forward as we begin to tackle these issues.
PubMed: 37424614
DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1357 -
American Journal of Public Health Sep 2020
Topics: Asian; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; United States; Xenophobia
PubMed: 32783714
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305846 -
American Journal of Public Health May 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; Racism; SARS-CoV-2; Social Media; Xenophobia
PubMed: 33826388
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306230 -
Frontiers in Sociology 2021Given rising populist nationalism and multiplying meanings of "right" and "left," this paper assesses whether Europeans who identify as extremely left-wing on the...
Given rising populist nationalism and multiplying meanings of "right" and "left," this paper assesses whether Europeans who identify as extremely left-wing on the political spectrum hold anti-immigrant attitudes. In contrast to right-wing xenophobes, we further examine whether the political left, who conventionally emphasize class conflict, oppose immigrants less for cultural reasons and more for materialist reasons. We also consider whether socioeconomic status and values traditionally associated with the political left-favoring redistributive policies, egalitarianism, or social rights to benefits and services for immigrants-temper left- more than right-wing xenophobia. We find that a surprisingly large share of those who identify as far left do express extremely xenophobic attitudes, and we profile them in contrast to far right xenophobes. With logistic regression analysis of nine waves of the European Social Survey (2002-2018), we find that, all things equal, socioeconomic status influences far left xenophobia more than far right xenophobia, but inegalitarian values, less support for redistributive policies, and welfare chauvinism can only partially account for far left xenophobia and unexpectedly do not distinguish it from far right xenophobia. This implies that far left parties might adopt anti-immigrant policies to try to retain their loyal voters, even though such policies do not comport with broader left-wing values and may increase racial and ethnic inequality. Controlling for demographic and attitudinal differences reduces the probability of xenophobia among the far left by about sixty percent, but there remains some residual anti-immigrant attitudes among this group still to be explained.
PubMed: 34179182
DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.666717 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2021
Topics: Apartheid; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Phobic Disorders; Xenophobia
PubMed: 35283971
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.1 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2021The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global increase in hate crimes and xenophobia. In these uncertain times, real or imaginary threats can easily lead to intergroup conflict.... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global increase in hate crimes and xenophobia. In these uncertain times, real or imaginary threats can easily lead to intergroup conflict. Here, we integrate social neuroscience findings with classic social psychology theories into a framework to better understand how intergroup threat can lead to violence. The role of moral disengagement, dehumanization, and intergroup schadenfreude in this process are discussed, together with their underlying neural mechanisms. We outline how this framework can inform social scientists and policy makers to help reduce the escalation of intergroup conflict and promote intergroup cooperation. The critical role of the media and public figures in these unprecedented times is highlighted as an important factor to achieve these goals.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Violence
PubMed: 34534553
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.025 -
Health Science Reports May 2023
PubMed: 37152217
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1252 -
Population and Environment 2021Development cooperation actors have been addressing climate change as a cross-cutting issue and investing in climate adaptation projects since the early 2000s. More... (Review)
Review
Development cooperation actors have been addressing climate change as a cross-cutting issue and investing in climate adaptation projects since the early 2000s. More recently, as concern has risen about the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human mobility, development cooperation actors have begun to design projects that intentionally address the drivers of migration, including climate impacts on livelihoods. However, to date, we know little about the development cooperation's role and function in responding to climate related mobility and migration. As such, the main aim of this paper is to outline the policy frameworks and approaches shaping development cooperation actors' engagement and to identify areas for further exploration and investment. First, we frame the concept of climate mobility and migration and discuss some applicable policy frameworks that govern the issue from various perspectives; secondly, we review the toolbox of approaches that development cooperation actors bring to climate mobility; and third, we discuss the implications of the current Covid-19 pandemic and identify avenues for the way forward. We conclude that ensuring safe and orderly mobility and the decent reception and long-term inclusion of migrants and displaced persons under conditions of more severe climate hazards, and in the context of rising nationalism and xenophobia, poses significant challenges. Integrated approaches across multiple policy sectors and levels of governance are needed. In addition to resources, development cooperation actors can bring data to help empower the most affected communities and regions and leverage their convening power to foster more coordinated approaches within and across countries.
PubMed: 34305224
DOI: 10.1007/s11111-021-00387-5 -
Brain and Behavior Dec 2023This study aimed to examine differences in xenophobia, prosocial behavior tendency, and sociodemographic characteristics among nursing students. (Review)
Review
AIMS
This study aimed to examine differences in xenophobia, prosocial behavior tendency, and sociodemographic characteristics among nursing students.
MATERIALS & METHODS
The participants were 227 nursing students (29.1% male, 70.9% female) attending the nursing department in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. We used a personal identification form, xenophobia scale, and prosocial behavior tendency scale to collect the data.
RESULTS
Among the participants, 24.7% were in first year, 30.4% were in second year, 21.6% were in third year, and 23.3% were in fourth year. Female students had higher prosocial behavior disposition, altruistic, and submissive scores than their male counterparts. The second-year students' prosocial behavior scores were higher than those of the third-year students. The male students' hatred, humiliation, and xenophobia scores were higher than those of the female students.
DISCUSSION
The xenophobia scores were higher in those with two living parents and lower in those whose mothers had secondary education. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and graphical assessments to test the quantitative data's compliance with normal distribution. We also employed the Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance for data showing a normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests for data showing non-normal distribution. To evaluate the relationships among variables, we used the Pearson correlation analysis for normally distributed variables and Spearman's correlation analysis for non-normally distributed variables.
CONCLUSION
Women's prosocial behavior tendency total score was higher than men's, and men's xenophobia total score was higher than women's. There was a weak negative correlation between the positive behavior tendency and xenophobia total scores.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Students, Nursing; Xenophobia; Mothers; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37822190
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3277