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Genome Announcements Aug 2017like strains are usually understudied. In this work, we reported the draft genome sequences of two , two , and two strains isolated from humans, animals, food, and the...
like strains are usually understudied. In this work, we reported the draft genome sequences of two , two , and two strains isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment in Brazil. These draft genomes will provide better molecular characterizations of these species.
PubMed: 28798182
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00780-17 -
Infectious Disease Reports Jun 2021To date, , , and are the three species generally agreed to be pathogenic in humans. However, there are a limited number of studies that suggest some of the...
To date, , , and are the three species generally agreed to be pathogenic in humans. However, there are a limited number of studies that suggest some of the "non-pathogenic" species may also cause infections. For instance, used to be known as an atypical strain until rhamnose biochemical testing was found to distinguish between these two species in the 1980s. From our regional microbiology laboratory records of 18 hospitals in Eastern Ontario, Canada from 1 May 2018 to 1 May 2021, we identified two patients with isolates in their stool cultures, along with their clinical presentation and antimicrobial management. Both patients presented with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting for 5 days before presentation to hospital. One patient received a 10-day course of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; his isolate was shown to be susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, but resistant to ampicillin. The other patient was sent home from the emergency department and did not require antimicrobials and additional medical attention. This case series illustrated that diarrheal disease could be associated with ; the need for antimicrobial treatment should be determined on a case-by-case basis.
PubMed: 34199195
DOI: 10.3390/idr13020051 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2018The genus comprises 19 species of which three are known as human and animal pathogens. Some species display toxicity toward invertebrates using the so-called toxin...
The genus comprises 19 species of which three are known as human and animal pathogens. Some species display toxicity toward invertebrates using the so-called toxin complex (TC) and/or determinants that are not yet known. Recent studies showed a remarkable variability of insecticidal activities when representatives of different species (spp.) were subcutaneously injected into the greater wax moth, . Here, we demonstrate that and are highly toxic to this insect. A member of phylogroup 1B killed larvae with injection doses of approximately 38 cells only, thus resembling the insecticidal activity of . The pathogenicity spp. displays toward the larvae was higher at 15°C than at 30°C and independent of the TC. However, upon subtraction of all genes of the low-pathogenic strain W22703 from the genomes of and , we identified a set of genes that may be responsible for the toxicity of these two species. Indeed, a mutant of lacking , a gene that encodes a protein similar to the heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (Ast) of , exhibited a reduced pathogenicity toward larvae and altered the morphology of hemocytes. The data suggests that the repertoire of virulence determinants present in environmental species remains to be elucidated.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Enterotoxins; Genes, Bacterial; Larva; Moths; Mutation; Phenotype; Photorhabdus; Temperature; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections
PubMed: 30488025
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00392 -
Journal of Bacteriology Apr 2012A novel colicin type, designated colicin Fy, was found to be encoded and produced by the strain Yersinia frederiksenii Y27601. Colicin Fy was active against both...
A novel colicin type, designated colicin Fy, was found to be encoded and produced by the strain Yersinia frederiksenii Y27601. Colicin Fy was active against both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of the genus Yersinia. Plasmid YF27601 (5,574 bp) of Y. frederiksenii Y27601 was completely sequenced. The colicin Fy activity gene (cfyA) and the colicin Fy immunity gene (cfyI) were identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of colicin Fy was very similar in its C-terminal pore-forming domain to colicin Ib (69% identity in the last 178 amino acid residues), indicating pore forming as its lethal mode of action. Transposon mutagenesis of the colicin Fy-susceptible strain Yersinia kristensenii Y276 revealed the yiuR gene (ykris001_4440), which encodes the YiuR outer membrane protein with unknown function, as the colicin Fy receptor molecule. Introduction of the yiuR gene into the colicin Fy-resistant strain Y. kristensenii Y104 restored its susceptibility to colicin Fy. In contrast, the colicin Fy-resistant strain Escherichia coli TOP10F' acquired susceptibility to colicin Fy only when both the yiuR and tonB genes from Y. kristensenii Y276 were introduced. Similarities between colicins Fy and Ib, similarities between the Cir and YiuR receptors, and the detected partial cross-immunity of colicin Fy and colicin Ib producers suggest a common evolutionary origin of the colicin Fy-YiuR and colicin Ib-Cir systems.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Membrane; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Cloning, Molecular; Colicins; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genotype; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Yersinia
PubMed: 22343298
DOI: 10.1128/JB.05885-11 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1982Yersinia enterocolitica is listed as a single species in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, but has recently been split into "true" Y. enterocolitica, Y....
New bacteriophage typing system for Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia kristensenii, Yersinia frederiksenii, and Yersinia intermedia: correlation with serotyping, biotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility.
Yersinia enterocolitica is listed as a single species in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, but has recently been split into "true" Y. enterocolitica, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia, and Y. frederiksenii. From 48 bacteriophages isolated from raw sewage, 24 were chosen as being the most useful for differentiating strains within the four Yersinia species. The composite set of 24 phages typed 92% of 236 Y. enterocolitica strains, 100% of 16 Y. kristensenii strains, 97% of 29 Y. frederiksenii strains, and 90% of 20 Y. intermedia strains. The most common phage type in any of the groups contained 22% of the strains tested, but most of the phage types contained greater than 5% of the strains. The new typing schema was tested in three outbreaks of Y. enterocolitica, and the results agreed well with serotyping and epidemiological findings. In the same outbreaks, biotyping (API 20E profiles; Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and antibiograms were less reliable markers and probably should be used only in conjunction with serotyping or phage typing or both. Caution should be used in identifying cultures of Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia with the API 20E system, since the tests at 37 degrees C for L-rhamnose and melibiose fermentation are often delayed past 24 h, which is the cut-off point for the final reading in the API system. There were distinct differences in the susceptibilities of Y. enterocolitica and Y. kristensenii to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalothin, which adds further support for classifying the latter as a separate species.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Serotyping; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections
PubMed: 7076822
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.15.3.491-502.1982 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2015The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and to characterize and determine the antibiotic resistance of Yersinia spp. isolates from raw milk. From...
The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and to characterize and determine the antibiotic resistance of Yersinia spp. isolates from raw milk. From September 2008 to August 2010, 446 raw milk samples were obtained from farm bulk milk tanks in Varamin, Iran. Yersinia spp. were detected in 29 (6.5%) samples, out of which 23 (79.3%), 5 (17.2%), and 1 (3.4%) were isolated from cow, sheep, and goat raw milk, respectively. The most common species isolated was Yersinia enterocolitica (65.5%), followed by Yersinia frederiksenii (31%), and Yersinia kristensenii (3.4%). Of the 19 Y. enterocolitica isolates, 14 (73.7%) were grouped into bioserotype 1A/O:9, 4 (21.1%) belonged to bioserotype 1B:O8, 1 (5.3%) belonged to bioserotype 4/O:3, and 1 isolate (biotype 1A) was not typable. All the isolates of biotypes 1B and 4harbored both the ystA and ail genes. However, all the isolates of biotype 1A were only positive for the ystB gene. The tested Yersinia spp. showed the highest percentages of resistance to tetracycline (48.3%), followed by ciprofloxacin and cephalothin (each 17.2%), ampicillin (13.8%), streptomycin (6.9%), and amoxicillin and nalidixic acid (each 3.4%). All of the tested isolates demonstrated significant sensitivity to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Recovery of potentially pathogenic Y. enterocolitica from raw milk indicates high risks of yersiniosis associated with consumption of raw milk.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Goats; Humans; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk; Prevalence; Serotyping; Sheep; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections; Yersinia enterocolitica
PubMed: 25497824
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8853 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2022Most surveys of pathogens in red foxes () have focused on particular agents. The aim of this study was to verify, with bacteriological and molecular analyses, the...
Most surveys of pathogens in red foxes () have focused on particular agents. The aim of this study was to verify, with bacteriological and molecular analyses, the occurrence of the main bacterial and protozoan pathogens that are able to infect canids, in red foxes regularly hunted in Central Italy. Spleen, brain, kidney and fecal samples from red foxes were submitted to bacteriological and/or molecular analyses to detect spp., spp., spp., spp., , spp. and microsporidia. Two (9.1%) strains of biotype 1 and 2 (9.1%) of were isolated from 22 fecal samples. Among the 22 spleen samples, seven (31.8%) were PCR-positive for and 3 (13.6%) for . Kidneys from two (2.9%) foxes, among 71 tested, were PCR-positive for . Even though the analyses were carried out on a small number of animals, the results suggested that red foxes from the selected geographic area may act as reservoirs of some investigated pathogens.
PubMed: 36290277
DOI: 10.3390/ani12202891 -
Chemical Science Sep 2021Ferric complexes of triscatechol siderophores may assume one of two enantiomeric configurations at the iron site. Chirality is known to be important in the iron uptake...
Ferric complexes of triscatechol siderophores may assume one of two enantiomeric configurations at the iron site. Chirality is known to be important in the iron uptake process, however an understanding of the molecular features directing stereospecific coordination remains ambiguous. Synthesis of the full suite of (DHBLysSer) macrolactone diastereomers, which includes the siderophore cyclic trichrysobactin (CTC), enables the effects that the chirality of Lys and Ser residues exert on the configuration of the Fe(iii) complex to be defined. Computationally optimized geometries indicate that the Λ/Δ configurational preferences are set by steric interactions between the Lys sidechains and the peptide backbone. The ability of each (DHBLysSer) diastereomer to form a stable Fe(iii) complex prompted a genomic search for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding the synthesis of these diastereomers in microbes. The genome of the plant pathogen EC16 was sequenced and the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of CTC were identified. A related but distinct BGC was identified in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen ATCC 33641; isolation of the siderophore from ATCC 33641, named frederiksenibactin (FSB), revealed the triscatechol oligoester, -(DHBLysSer). Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy establishes that Fe(iii)-CTC and Fe(iii)-FSB are formed in opposite enantiomeric configuration, consistent with the results of the ferric complexes of the cyclic (DHBLysSer) diastereomers.
PubMed: 34603680
DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03541j -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2006Some strains of Serratia entomophila and S. proteamaculans cause amber disease of the grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Three genes required...
Some strains of Serratia entomophila and S. proteamaculans cause amber disease of the grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Three genes required for virulence, sepABC, are located on a large plasmid, pADAP. Sequence analysis suggests that the sepABC gene cluster may be part of a horizontally mobile region. This study presents evidence for the putative mobility of the sep genes of pADAP. Southern blot analysis showed that orthologues of the sep genes reside on plasmids within S. entomophila, S. liquefaciens, S. proteamaculans, and a plasmid from Yersinia frederiksenii. Three plasmids hybridized to the pADAP sep virulence-associated region but not the pADAP replication and conjugation regions. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis of the Y. frederiksenii sep-like genes, designated tcYF1 and tcYF2, showed that they had 88% and 87% DNA identity to sepA and sepB, respectively. These results indicate that the sep genes are part of a discrete horizontally mobile region.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Plasmids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serratia; Virulence; Yersinia
PubMed: 17021209
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00954-06 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jan 2017Acr3 is a plasma membrane transporter, a member of the bile/arsenite/riboflavin transporter (BART) superfamily, which confers high-level resistance to arsenicals in the...
Acr3 is a plasma membrane transporter, a member of the bile/arsenite/riboflavin transporter (BART) superfamily, which confers high-level resistance to arsenicals in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have previously shown that the yeast Acr3 acts as a low affinity As(III)/H and Sb(III)/H antiporter. We have also identified several amino acid residues that are localized in putative transmembrane helices (TM) and appeared to be critical for the Acr3 activity. In the present study, the topology of Acr3 was investigated by insertion of glycosylation and factor Xa protease cleavage sites at predicted hydrophilic regions. The analysis of the glycosylation pattern and factor Xa cleavage products of resulting Acr3 fusion constructs provide evidence supporting a topological model of Acr3 with 10 TM segments and cytoplasmically oriented N- and C-terminal domains. Next, we investigated the role of the hydrophilic loop connecting TM8 and TM9, the large size of which is unique to members of the yeast Acr3 family of metalloid transporters. We found that a 28 amino acid deletion in this region does not affect Acr3 folding, trafficking substrate binding, or transport activity. Finally, we constructed a homology-based structural model of Acr3 using the crystal structure of the Yersinia frederiksenii homologue of the human bile acid sodium symporter ASBT.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arsenites; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Crystallography, X-Ray; Gene Expression; Glycosylation; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Structural Homology, Protein; Substrate Specificity; beta-Fructofuranosidase
PubMed: 27836640
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.004