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The Journal of Biological Chemistry May 2024Mono-O-glycosylation of target proteins by bacterial toxins or effector proteins is a well-known mechanism by which bacteria interfere with essential functions of host...
Mono-O-glycosylation of target proteins by bacterial toxins or effector proteins is a well-known mechanism by which bacteria interfere with essential functions of host cells. The respective glycosyltransferases are important virulence factors such as the Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B. Here, we describe two glycosyltransferases of Yersinia species that have a high sequence identity: YeGT from the zoonotic pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica and YkGT from the murine pathogen Yersinia kristensenii. We show that both modify Rho family proteins by attachment of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at tyrosine residues (Tyr-34 in RhoA). Notably, the enzymes differed in their target protein specificity. While YeGT modified RhoA, B and C, YkGT possessed a broader substrate spectrum and glycosylated not only Rho but also Rac and Cdc42 subfamily proteins. Mutagenesis studies indicated that residue 177 is important for this broader target spectrum. We determined the crystal structure of YeGT shortened by 16 residues N-terminally (sYeGT) in the ligand-free state and bound to UDP, the product of substrate hydrolysis. The structure assigns sYeGT to the GT-A family. It shares high structural similarity to glycosyltransferase domains from toxins. We also demonstrated that the 16 most N-terminal residues of YeGT and YkGT are important for the mediated translocation into the host cell using the pore-forming protective antigen of anthrax toxin. Mediated introduction into Hela cells or ectopic expression of YeGT and YkGT caused morphological changes and redistribution of the actin cytoskeleton. The data suggest that YeGT and YkGT are likely bacterial effectors belonging to the family of tyrosine glycosylating bacterial glycosyltransferases.
PubMed: 38703997
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107331 -
Genome Announcements Aug 2017like strains are usually understudied. In this work, we reported the draft genome sequences of two , two , and two strains isolated from humans, animals, food, and the...
like strains are usually understudied. In this work, we reported the draft genome sequences of two , two , and two strains isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment in Brazil. These draft genomes will provide better molecular characterizations of these species.
PubMed: 28798182
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00780-17 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2022Yersinia kristensenii is one of the Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacterial species, which are considered nonpathogenic to humans. In this work, we reported the draft...
Yersinia kristensenii is one of the Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacterial species, which are considered nonpathogenic to humans. In this work, we reported the draft genome sequences of six Yersinia kristensenii strains. These draft genomes will help to better characterize Yersinia kristensenii at the genomic level.
PubMed: 34989614
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01063-21 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Rodents can be a potential spp. vector responsible for farm facilities contamination. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of spp. in commensal rodents...
Rodents can be a potential spp. vector responsible for farm facilities contamination. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of spp. in commensal rodents found in the farms and fodder factory areas to characterize the obtained isolates and epidemiological risk. Intestinal samples were subjected to bacteriological, bioserotype, and PCR examination for virulence markers and presence. spp. was isolated from 43 out of 244 (17.6%) rodents ( n = 132, n = 102, n = 8, n = 2). was isolated from 41 rodents (16.8%), and from one and one . In three cases, two isolates were obtained from one rodent. All contained and belonged to biotype 1A, considered as potentially pathogenic. One isolate additionally had the gene typical for pathogenic strains. The sequence analysis of the and fragments showed a high similarity to those from clinical cases. The current study revealed a high prevalence of among commensal rodents, but the classification of all of isolates into biotype 1A and the sporadic isolation of do not indicate a high epidemiological risk.
PubMed: 34684196
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101247 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1982Yersinia enterocolitica is listed as a single species in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, but has recently been split into "true" Y. enterocolitica, Y....
New bacteriophage typing system for Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia kristensenii, Yersinia frederiksenii, and Yersinia intermedia: correlation with serotyping, biotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility.
Yersinia enterocolitica is listed as a single species in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, but has recently been split into "true" Y. enterocolitica, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia, and Y. frederiksenii. From 48 bacteriophages isolated from raw sewage, 24 were chosen as being the most useful for differentiating strains within the four Yersinia species. The composite set of 24 phages typed 92% of 236 Y. enterocolitica strains, 100% of 16 Y. kristensenii strains, 97% of 29 Y. frederiksenii strains, and 90% of 20 Y. intermedia strains. The most common phage type in any of the groups contained 22% of the strains tested, but most of the phage types contained greater than 5% of the strains. The new typing schema was tested in three outbreaks of Y. enterocolitica, and the results agreed well with serotyping and epidemiological findings. In the same outbreaks, biotyping (API 20E profiles; Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and antibiograms were less reliable markers and probably should be used only in conjunction with serotyping or phage typing or both. Caution should be used in identifying cultures of Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia with the API 20E system, since the tests at 37 degrees C for L-rhamnose and melibiose fermentation are often delayed past 24 h, which is the cut-off point for the final reading in the API system. There were distinct differences in the susceptibilities of Y. enterocolitica and Y. kristensenii to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalothin, which adds further support for classifying the latter as a separate species.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Serotyping; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections
PubMed: 7076822
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.15.3.491-502.1982 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2015The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and to characterize and determine the antibiotic resistance of Yersinia spp. isolates from raw milk. From...
The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and to characterize and determine the antibiotic resistance of Yersinia spp. isolates from raw milk. From September 2008 to August 2010, 446 raw milk samples were obtained from farm bulk milk tanks in Varamin, Iran. Yersinia spp. were detected in 29 (6.5%) samples, out of which 23 (79.3%), 5 (17.2%), and 1 (3.4%) were isolated from cow, sheep, and goat raw milk, respectively. The most common species isolated was Yersinia enterocolitica (65.5%), followed by Yersinia frederiksenii (31%), and Yersinia kristensenii (3.4%). Of the 19 Y. enterocolitica isolates, 14 (73.7%) were grouped into bioserotype 1A/O:9, 4 (21.1%) belonged to bioserotype 1B:O8, 1 (5.3%) belonged to bioserotype 4/O:3, and 1 isolate (biotype 1A) was not typable. All the isolates of biotypes 1B and 4harbored both the ystA and ail genes. However, all the isolates of biotype 1A were only positive for the ystB gene. The tested Yersinia spp. showed the highest percentages of resistance to tetracycline (48.3%), followed by ciprofloxacin and cephalothin (each 17.2%), ampicillin (13.8%), streptomycin (6.9%), and amoxicillin and nalidixic acid (each 3.4%). All of the tested isolates demonstrated significant sensitivity to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Recovery of potentially pathogenic Y. enterocolitica from raw milk indicates high risks of yersiniosis associated with consumption of raw milk.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Goats; Humans; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk; Prevalence; Serotyping; Sheep; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections; Yersinia enterocolitica
PubMed: 25497824
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8853 -
Nucleic Acids Research May 2017Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is an important mechanism of inter-bacterial competition found in many Gram-negative pathogens. CDI+ cells express cell-surface...
Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is an important mechanism of inter-bacterial competition found in many Gram-negative pathogens. CDI+ cells express cell-surface CdiA proteins that bind neighboring bacteria and deliver C-terminal toxin domains (CdiA-CT) to inhibit target-cell growth. CDI+ bacteria also produce CdiI immunity proteins, which specifically neutralize cognate CdiA-CT toxins to prevent self-inhibition. Here, we present the crystal structure of the CdiA-CT/CdiIYkris complex from Yersinia kristensenii ATCC 33638. CdiA-CTYkris adopts the same fold as angiogenin and other RNase A paralogs, but the toxin does not share sequence similarity with these nucleases and lacks the characteristic disulfide bonds of the superfamily. Consistent with the structural homology, CdiA-CTYkris has potent RNase activity in vitro and in vivo. Structure-guided mutagenesis reveals that His175, Arg186, Thr276 and Tyr278 contribute to CdiA-CTYkris activity, suggesting that these residues participate in substrate binding and/or catalysis. CdiIYkris binds directly over the putative active site and likely neutralizes toxicity by blocking access to RNA substrates. Significantly, CdiA-CTYkris is the first non-vertebrate protein found to possess the RNase A superfamily fold, and homologs of this toxin are associated with secretion systems in many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These observations suggest that RNase A-like toxins are commonly deployed in inter-bacterial competition.
Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Endoribonucleases; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; RNA; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Yersinia
PubMed: 28398546
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx230 -
PloS One 2016API 20E strip test, the standard for Enterobacteriaceae identification, is not sufficient to discriminate some Yersinia species for some unstable biochemical reactions...
API 20E strip test, the standard for Enterobacteriaceae identification, is not sufficient to discriminate some Yersinia species for some unstable biochemical reactions and the same biochemical profile presented in some species, e.g. Yersinia ferderiksenii and Yersinia intermedia, which need a variety of molecular biology methods as auxiliaries for identification. The 16S rRNA gene is considered a valuable tool for assigning bacterial strains to species. However, the resolution of the 16S rRNA gene may be insufficient for discrimination because of the high similarity of sequences between some species and heterogeneity within copies at the intra-genomic level. In this study, for each strain we randomly selected five 16S rRNA gene clones from 768 Yersinia strains, and collected 3,840 sequences of the 16S rRNA gene from 10 species, which were divided into 439 patterns. The similarity among the five clones of 16S rRNA gene is over 99% for most strains. Identical sequences were found in strains of different species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the five 16S rRNA gene sequences for each strain where the phylogenetic classifications are consistent with biochemical tests; and species that are difficult to identify by biochemical phenotype can be differentiated. Most Yersinia strains form distinct groups within each species. However Yersinia kristensenii, a heterogeneous species, clusters with some Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia ferderiksenii/intermedia strains, while not affecting the overall efficiency of this species classification. In conclusion, through analysis derived from integrated information from multiple 16S rRNA gene sequences, the discrimination ability of Yersinia species is improved using our method.
Topics: Chromosomes, Bacterial; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Copy Number Variations; Genes, Bacterial; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Yersinia
PubMed: 26808495
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147639 -
Journal of Bacteriology Apr 2012A novel colicin type, designated colicin Fy, was found to be encoded and produced by the strain Yersinia frederiksenii Y27601. Colicin Fy was active against both...
A novel colicin type, designated colicin Fy, was found to be encoded and produced by the strain Yersinia frederiksenii Y27601. Colicin Fy was active against both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of the genus Yersinia. Plasmid YF27601 (5,574 bp) of Y. frederiksenii Y27601 was completely sequenced. The colicin Fy activity gene (cfyA) and the colicin Fy immunity gene (cfyI) were identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of colicin Fy was very similar in its C-terminal pore-forming domain to colicin Ib (69% identity in the last 178 amino acid residues), indicating pore forming as its lethal mode of action. Transposon mutagenesis of the colicin Fy-susceptible strain Yersinia kristensenii Y276 revealed the yiuR gene (ykris001_4440), which encodes the YiuR outer membrane protein with unknown function, as the colicin Fy receptor molecule. Introduction of the yiuR gene into the colicin Fy-resistant strain Y. kristensenii Y104 restored its susceptibility to colicin Fy. In contrast, the colicin Fy-resistant strain Escherichia coli TOP10F' acquired susceptibility to colicin Fy only when both the yiuR and tonB genes from Y. kristensenii Y276 were introduced. Similarities between colicins Fy and Ib, similarities between the Cir and YiuR receptors, and the detected partial cross-immunity of colicin Fy and colicin Ib producers suggest a common evolutionary origin of the colicin Fy-YiuR and colicin Ib-Cir systems.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Membrane; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Cloning, Molecular; Colicins; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genotype; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Yersinia
PubMed: 22343298
DOI: 10.1128/JB.05885-11 -
Research in Microbiology 1989Strains of Yersinia kristensenii display high susceptibility to carbenicillin (MIC90 less than 8 micrograms/ml) in comparison with the majority of environmental strains...
Strains of Yersinia kristensenii display high susceptibility to carbenicillin (MIC90 less than 8 micrograms/ml) in comparison with the majority of environmental strains of Yersinia closely related to Y. enterocolitica which are resistant to this antibiotic (MIC90 greater than 256 micrograms/ml). beta-lactamases of 39 strains of Y. kristensenii isolated from foods were analysed by isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis of ultrasonically disrupted uninduced cultures. beta-lactamase patterns showed the presence of only one out of three classes of enzymes of pI 6.7, 7.6 and 8.2, respectively, by strain. One beta-lactamase showed electrophoretic mobility different (EM + 2.0 cm/h) from that of all the other enzymes (EM + 1.6 cm/h) belonging to the class of pI 7.6. Induction by cefoxitin revealed the existence of inducible beta-lactamases in two out of eight selected strains. The substrate profile of these enzymes, which are probably chromosomally mediated, showed a predominant cephalosporinase activity. None of the type A and B beta-lactamases described by Cornelis and Abraham in Y. enterocolitica were found in any of the strains examined. The lack of beta-lactamase A (a penicillinase) accounts for the carbenicillin susceptibility of Y. kristensenii strains.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoxitin; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Repression; In Vitro Techniques; Isoelectric Point; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Yersinia; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 2626595
DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(89)90198-8