Did you mean: yersinia rohde
-
Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 2018During a research expedition in 2012, faecal samples were collected from feral reindeer and kelp gulls on the main island of South Georgia in the Sub-Antarctic region...
During a research expedition in 2012, faecal samples were collected from feral reindeer and kelp gulls on the main island of South Georgia in the Sub-Antarctic region of the Atlantic. The samples were analysed for bacteria of the genus Yersinia with the aim of identifying isolates to the species level. A total of 11 reindeer samples and 26 Kelp Gull samples were retrieved from the location of Stromness, kept refrigerated and cultivated for gram-negative bacteria. Three of the samples showed growth of Yersinia rohdei, as confirmed by biochemical typing, MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolates were indistinguishable from each other by 16S sequencing, and differed by a single base pair from the type strain of Y. rohdei. The Yersinia genus contains well-known pathogens of significance to both human and veterinary medicine, but the public health and animal health relevance of Y. rohdei is unknown. Although it is clear that Y. rhodei is present in the south Georgian biotope, its importance and relevance for biological diversity is unknown, as is if this presence is merely a reflection of human activities.
PubMed: 31105907
DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1517582 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Sep 2003The natural susceptibility of 131 Yersinia strains of Y. frederiksenii (n=38), Y. intermedia (n=48), Y. kristensenii (n=26) and Y. rohdei (n=19) to 70 antibiotics was...
The natural susceptibility of 131 Yersinia strains of Y. frederiksenii (n=38), Y. intermedia (n=48), Y. kristensenii (n=26) and Y. rohdei (n=19) to 70 antibiotics was tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined with a microdilution procedure in IsoSensitest broth (all strains) and cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (some strains). All species were naturally sensitive or sensitive and of intermediate susceptibility to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, acylureidopenicillins, numerous cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, quinolones, chloramphenicol, folate-pathway inhibitors, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Uniform natural resistance was found with penicillin G, oxacillin, several macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, glycopeptides, rifampicin and fusidic acid. Species-specific differences in susceptibility affecting clinical assessment criteria were seen with aminopenicillins (in the presence and absence of beta-lactamase inhibitors), ticarcillin and some cephalosporins. Major medium-dependent susceptibilities were found with fosfomycin. beta-Lactam MIC susceptibility patterns suggested that most strains of the species tested produce both class A and class C (AmpC) beta-lactamases that are characteristic for the species. The present study describes a database concerning the natural susceptibility of some Y. enterocolitica-like species to a wide range of antibiotics, which can be applied to validate forthcoming antibiotic susceptibility tests of these strains and might contribute to their identification. An evaluation of 30 biochemical tests that secured phenotypic identification to the Yersinia species level is presented.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Databases, Factual; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Europe; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quality Control; Yersinia; Yersinia enterocolitica
PubMed: 13129648
DOI: 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00179-2 -
Microbes and Infection Apr 2000The genus Yersinia is composed of 11 species, of which three (Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica) have been exhaustively characterized. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The genus Yersinia is composed of 11 species, of which three (Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica) have been exhaustively characterized. The remaining eight species (Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii, Y. bercovieri, Y. mollaretii, Y. rohdei, Y. ruckeri, and Y. aldovae) have not been studied extensively and, because of the absence of classical Yersinia virulence markers, are generally considered to be nonpathogenic. However, recent data suggest that some of these eight species may cause disease by virtue of their having virulence factors distinct from those of Y. enterocolitica. These data raise intriguing questions about the mechanisms by which these species interact with their host cells and elicit human disease.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; DNA, Bacterial; Ecology; Enterotoxins; Humans; Intestine, Small; Virulence; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections
PubMed: 10865195
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00311-7 -
Genome Biology Jan 2010New DNA sequencing technologies have enabled detailed comparative genomic analyses of entire genera of bacterial pathogens. Prior to this study, three species of the...
BACKGROUND
New DNA sequencing technologies have enabled detailed comparative genomic analyses of entire genera of bacterial pathogens. Prior to this study, three species of the enterobacterial genus Yersinia that cause invasive human diseases (Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica) had been sequenced. However, there were no genomic data on the Yersinia species with more limited virulence potential, frequently found in soil and water environments.
RESULTS
We used high-throughput sequencing-by-synthesis instruments to obtain 25- to 42-fold average redundancy, whole-genome shotgun data from the type strains of eight species: Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia, Y. mollaretii, Y. rohdei, and Y. ruckeri. The deepest branching species in the genus, Y. ruckeri, causative agent of red mouth disease in fish, has the smallest genome (3.7 Mb), although it shares the same core set of approximately 2,500 genes as the other members of the species, whose genomes range in size from 4.3 to 4.8 Mb. Yersinia genomes had a similar global partition of protein functions, as measured by the distribution of Cluster of Orthologous Groups families. Genome to genome variation in islands with genes encoding functions such as ureases, hydrogenases and B-12 cofactor metabolite reactions may reflect adaptations to colonizing specific host habitats.
CONCLUSIONS
Rapid high-quality draft sequencing was used successfully to compare pathogenic and non-pathogenic members of the Yersinia genus. This work underscores the importance of the acquisition of horizontally transferred genes in the evolution of Y. pestis and points to virulence determinants that have been gained and lost on multiple occasions in the history of the genus.
Topics: Chromosome Mapping; Cluster Analysis; Genetic Techniques; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Virulence; Yersinia; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia pestis
PubMed: 20047673
DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r1 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2003During spring and autumn migrations, 468 fecal samples from 57 different species of migratory birds were collected in Sweden. In total, Yersinia spp. were isolated from...
During spring and autumn migrations, 468 fecal samples from 57 different species of migratory birds were collected in Sweden. In total, Yersinia spp. were isolated from 12.8% of collected samples. The most commonly found species was Yersinia enterocolitica, which was isolated from 5.6% of all collected samples, followed by Y. intermedia (3.8%), Y. frederiksenii (3.0%), Y. kristensenii (0.9%), Y. pseudotuberculosis (0.6%), and Y. rohdei (0.4%). The pathogenic, virF-positive Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were recovered from three thrushes. These strains belonged to the same bioserotype, 1/O:2, but had two different profiles as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with NotI and SpeI enzymes. In addition, 10 Y. enterocolitica strains, all from barnacle geese, belonged to bioserotype 3/O:3, which is associated with human disease. Two of the strains were pathogenic, carrying the virF gene on their plasmids. All pathogenic Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica strains were recovered during the spring, and as the birds were caught during active migration they likely became infected at an earlier stage of the migration, thus potentially transporting these bacterial pathogens over long geographical distances.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Birds; Emigration and Immigration; Sweden; Virulence Factors; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
PubMed: 12902256
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4670-4675.2003 -
Indian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2015Bacterial identification on the basis of the highly conserved 16S rRNA (rrs) gene is limited by its presence in multiple copies and a very high level of similarity among...
Bacterial identification on the basis of the highly conserved 16S rRNA (rrs) gene is limited by its presence in multiple copies and a very high level of similarity among them. The need is to look for other genes with unique characteristics to be used as biomarkers. Fifty-one sequenced genomes belonging to 10 different Yersinia species were used for searching genes common to all the genomes. Out of 304 common genes, 34 genes of sizes varying from 0.11 to 4.42 kb, were selected and subjected to in silico digestion with 10 different Restriction endonucleases (RE) (4-6 base cutters). Yersinia species have 6-7 copies of rrs per genome, which are difficult to distinguish by multiple sequence alignments or their RE digestion patterns. However, certain unique combinations of other common gene sequences-carB, fadJ, gluM, gltX, ileS, malE, nusA, ribD, and rlmL and their RE digestion patterns can be used as markers for identifying 21 strains belonging to 10 Yersinia species: Y. aldovae, Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii, Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. rohdei, Y. ruckeri, and Y. similis. This approach can be applied for rapid diagnostic applications.
PubMed: 26543261
DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0552-6 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2009Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersinia species, such as Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. bercovieri, and Y. intermedia, were differentiated using Fourier transform infrared...
Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersinia species, such as Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. bercovieri, and Y. intermedia, were differentiated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with artificial neural network analysis. A set of well defined Yersinia strains from Switzerland and Germany was used to create a method for FT-IR-based differentiation of Yersinia isolates at the species level. The isolates of Y. enterocolitica were also differentiated by FT-IR into the main biotypes (biotypes 1A, 2, and 4) and serotypes (serotypes O:3, O:5, O:9, and "non-O:3, O:5, and O:9"). For external validation of the constructed methods, independently obtained isolates of different Yersinia species were used. A total of 79.9% of Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto isolates were identified correctly at the species level. The FT-IR analysis allowed the separation of all Y. bercovieri, Y. intermedia, and Y. rohdei strains from Y. enterocolitica, which could not be differentiated by the API 20E test system. The probability for correct biotype identification of Y. enterocolitica isolates was 98.3% (41 externally validated strains). For correct serotype identification, the probability was 92.5% (42 externally validated strains). In addition, the presence or absence of the ail gene, one of the main pathogenicity markers, was demonstrated using FT-IR. The probability for correct identification of isolates concerning the ail gene was 98.5% (51 externally validated strains). This indicates that it is possible to obtain information about genus, species, and in the case of Y. enterocolitica also subspecies type with a single measurement. Furthermore, this is the first example of the identification of specific pathogenicity using FT-IR.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteriological Techniques; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Virulence Factors; Yersinia enterocolitica
PubMed: 19617388
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00206-09 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2017Strong resistance to proteolytic attack is important for feed enzymes. Here, we selected three predicted pepsin cleavage sites, L99, L162, and E230 (numbering from the...
Strong resistance to proteolytic attack is important for feed enzymes. Here, we selected three predicted pepsin cleavage sites, L99, L162, and E230 (numbering from the initiator M of premature proteins), in pepsin-sensitive HAP phytases YkAPPA from Yersinia kristensenii and YeAPPA from Y. enterocolitica, which corresponded to L99, V162, and D230 in pepsin-resistant YrAPPA from Y. rohdei. We constructed mutants with different side chain structures at these sites using site-directed mutagenesis and produced all enzymes in Escherichia coli for catalytic and biochemical characterization. The substitutions E230G/A/P/R/S/T/D, L162G/A/V, L99A, L99A/L162G, and L99A/L162G/E230G improved the pepsin resistance. Moreover, E230G/A and L162G/V conferred enhanced pepsin resistance on YkAPPA and YeAPPA, increased their catalytic efficiency 1.3-2.4-fold, improved their stability at 60 °C and pH 1.0-2.0 and alleviated inhibition by metal ions. In addition, E230G increased the ability of YkAPPA and YeAPPA to hydrolyze phytate from corn meal at a high pepsin concentration and low pH, which indicated that optimization of the pepsin cleavage site side chains may enhance the pepsin resistance, improve the stability at acidic pH, and increase the catalytic activity. This study proposes an efficient approach to improve enzyme performance in monogastric animals fed feed with a high phytate content.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Amino Acid Substitution; Animal Feed; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Biocatalysis; Catalytic Domain; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gene Expression; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pepsin A; Phytic Acid; Protein Binding; Protein Engineering; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proteolysis; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Yersinia
PubMed: 28186144
DOI: 10.1038/srep42133 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2016N-Glycosylation can modulate enzyme structure and function. In this study, we identified two pepsin-resistant histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) phytases from Yersinia...
N-Glycosylation Improves the Pepsin Resistance of Histidine Acid Phosphatase Phytases by Enhancing Their Stability at Acidic pHs and Reducing Pepsin's Accessibility to Its Cleavage Sites.
N-Glycosylation can modulate enzyme structure and function. In this study, we identified two pepsin-resistant histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) phytases from Yersinia kristensenii (YkAPPA) and Yersinia rohdei (YrAPPA), each having an N-glycosylation motif, and one pepsin-sensitive HAP phytase from Yersinia enterocolitica (YeAPPA) that lacked an N-glycosylation site. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to construct mutants by altering the N-glycosylation status of each enzyme, and the mutant and wild-type enzymes were expressed in Pichia pastoris for biochemical characterization. Compared with those of the N-glycosylation site deletion mutants and N-deglycosylated enzymes, all N-glycosylated counterparts exhibited enhanced pepsin resistance. Introduction of the N-glycosylation site into YeAPPA as YkAPPA and YrAPPA conferred pepsin resistance, shifted the pH optimum (0.5 and 1.5 pH units downward, respectively) and improved stability at acidic pH (83.2 and 98.8% residual activities at pH 2.0 for 1 h). Replacing the pepsin cleavage sites L197 and L396 in the immediate vicinity of the N-glycosylation motifs of YkAPPA and YrAPPA with V promoted their resistance to pepsin digestion when produced in Escherichia coli but had no effect on the pepsin resistance of N-glycosylated enzymes produced in P. pastoris. Thus, N-glycosylation may improve pepsin resistance by enhancing the stability at acidic pH and reducing pepsin's accessibility to peptic cleavage sites. This study provides a strategy, namely, the manipulation of N-glycosylation, for improvement of phytase properties for use in animal feed.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Acid Phosphatase; Enzyme Stability; Gene Expression; Glycosylation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Pepsin A; Pichia; Proteolysis; Yersinia
PubMed: 26637601
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02881-15 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2005The intra- and interspecies genetic relationships of 58 strains representing all currently known species of the genus Yersinia were examined by multilocus sequence...
The intra- and interspecies genetic relationships of 58 strains representing all currently known species of the genus Yersinia were examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), using sequence data from 16S RNA, glnA, gyrB, recA, and Y-HSP60 loci. Yersinia aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. intermedia, Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. rohdei, and Y. ruckeri were genetically more homogeneous than were Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, and Y. mollaretii. The MLST data concerning the genetic relatedness within and among various species of Yersinia support the idea that Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis are two lineages within the same species rather than two distinct species. Y. ruckeri is the genetically most distant species within the genus. There was evidence of O-antigen switching and genetic recombination within and among various species of Yersinia. The genetic relatedness data obtained by MLST of the four housekeeping genes and 16S RNA agreed in most, but not all, instances. MLST was better suited for determining genetic relatedness among yersiniae than was 16S RNA analysis. Some strains of Y. frederiksenii and Y. kristensenii are genetically less related to other strains within those species, compared to strains of all other species within the genus. The taxonomic standing of these strains should be further examined because they may represent currently unrecognized Yersinia species.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dogs; Genetic Variation; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Yersinia
PubMed: 15956383
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2674-2684.2005