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Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is usually isolated from environmental samples and generally resistant to early generations of cephalosporins. To...
, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is usually isolated from environmental samples and generally resistant to early generations of cephalosporins. To characterize the resistance mechanism of strain W13 isolated from the sewage of an animal farm, whole genome sequencing, comparative genomics analysis and molecular cloning were performed. The results showed that a novel chromosomally encoded class C β-lactamase gene with the ability to confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, designated , was identified in the genome of W13. Kinetic analysis revealed that the β-lactamase YOC-1 has a broad spectrum of substrates, including penicillins, cefazolin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. The two functionally characterized β-lactamases with the highest amino acid identities to YOC-1 were CDA-1 (71.69%) and CMY-2 (70.65%). The genetic context of the -encoding region was unique compared with the sequences in the NCBI nucleotide database. The plasmid pRYW13-125 of W13 harbored 11 resistance genes ( , , , , , , , , , and ) within an ∼34 kb multidrug resistance region; these genes were all related to mobile genetic elements. The multidrug resistance region of pYRW13-125 shared the highest identities with those of two plasmids from clinical isolates, indicating the possibility of horizontal transfer of these resistance genes between bacteria of various origins.
PubMed: 32973731
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02021 -
Microorganisms Apr 2023Recent bacteriological investigations of freshwater mussel mortality events in the southeastern United States have identified a variety of bacteria and differences in...
A Bacteriological Comparison of the Hemolymph from Healthy and Moribund Unionid Mussel Populations in the Upper Midwestern U.S.A. Prompts the Development of Diagnostic Assays to Detect .
Recent bacteriological investigations of freshwater mussel mortality events in the southeastern United States have identified a variety of bacteria and differences in bacterial communities between sick and healthy mussels. In particular, and spp. have been shown to be associated with moribund mussels, although it remains unclear whether these bacteria are causes or consequences of disease. To further understand the role of bacteria in mussel epizootics, we investigated mortality events that occurred in the upper Midwest in the Embarrass River (Wisconsin) and the Huron River (Michigan). For comparison, we also studied mussels from an unaffected population in the St. Croix River (Wisconsin). Diverse bacterial genera were identified from these sites, including from moribund mussels in the Embarrass River (Wisconsin). This bacterium has also been consistently isolated during ongoing mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia). Subsequently, we developed and validated molecular assays for the detection of to use in future investigations of mussel mortality events and to identify environmental reservoirs of this bacterium.
PubMed: 37110491
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041068 -
infection in an immunocompetent individual after trauma following a fall from a personal conveyance.Journal of the Association of Medical... Mar 2023infections have been documented in several immunocompromised individuals with numerous associated risk factors including soft tissue infections, organ transplants, and...
BACKGROUND
infections have been documented in several immunocompromised individuals with numerous associated risk factors including soft tissue infections, organ transplants, and metabolic disorders. Our report presents a rare case of Y. infection in an immunocompetent individual.
METHODS
In September 2020, a 38-year-old man who was otherwise healthy fell from a personal conveyance causing a puncture of his elbow. Two months later, he was admitted to the hospital with a chronic draining wound on his left arm with no fever (36.7°C) and stable vital signs. The patient underwent white blood cell (WBC) imaging, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to rule out osteomyelitis. Incision and drainage were performed, and the collected fluid was sent to a microbiology lab for culture diagnosis. Subsequently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed.
RESULTS
A WBC image and SPECT/CT test showed an increase in WBC uptake and activity in the subcutaneous tissue of the left arm. The culture diagnosis identified the isolate as and the patient received 2 weeks of sulfamethoxazole 800 mg and trimethoprim 160 mg orally twice daily based on the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. He demonstrated clinical improvements shown through wound healing and reduced pain.
CONCLUSION
This report supports the potential of to act as an opportunistic pathogen even in hosts with no prior underlying diseases or conditions.
PubMed: 37008588
DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0018 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Aug 2020Recently, the link between obesity and gut microbiota has become a focus for research. This study shed some light on the modification of postoperative gut microbial...
BACKGROUND
Recently, the link between obesity and gut microbiota has become a focus for research. This study shed some light on the modification of postoperative gut microbial composition after bariatric surgery.
METHODS
A prospective longitudinal study on healthy lean subjects and patients who underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy) was carried out. Anthropometric and metabolic data, smoking, food preferences data, and stool samples were collected from lean subjects and from obese patients before and 3 and 6 months after surgery (T0, T3, and T6, respectively).
RESULTS
We collected stool samples from 25 obese patients before surgery and 3 and 6 months thereafter and from 25 normal weight patients. After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Yokenella regensburgei (p < 0.05), Fusobacterium varium (p < 0.05), Veillonella dispar/atypica (p < 0.05), and Streptococcus australis/gordonii (p < 0.05) were transiently identified in the gut at T3. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients had a permanent increase in Akkermansia muciniphila (p < 0.05), which is associated with healthy metabolism, both at T3 and T6. There were no significant changes in gut microbiota in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass induced major microbial differences and greater weight loss compared with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Analyzing the microbiota composition, a proliferation of potential pathogens and the onset of beneficial bacteria was observed. The effects of these bacteria on human health are still far from clear. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these bacteria could be the keystone in developing new therapeutic strategies for obesity.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Enterobacteriaceae; Fusobacterium; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Laparoscopy; Longitudinal Studies; Obesity, Morbid; Prospective Studies; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 31388884
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04321-x -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2017is a member in the family and a few cases have been reported in immunocompromised hosts. Herein, we described a case of septicemia in a human immunodeficiency virus...
is a member in the family and a few cases have been reported in immunocompromised hosts. Herein, we described a case of septicemia in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patient in South West China, which is the first reported case of infection in HIV-infected populations. We then reviewed the literature on all the reported cases of infection worldwide and presented some common features of them. Our case report and literature review will help increase the knowledge of the bacterium and its clinical implications.
PubMed: 28593058
DOI: 10.1155/2017/5962463 -
Communications Biology Jan 2024The nasal cavity harbors diverse microbiota that contributes to human health and respiratory diseases. However, whether and to what extent the host genome shapes the...
The nasal cavity harbors diverse microbiota that contributes to human health and respiratory diseases. However, whether and to what extent the host genome shapes the nasal microbiome remains largely unknown. Here, by dissecting the human genome and nasal metagenome data from 1401 healthy individuals, we demonstrated that the top three host genetic principal components strongly correlated with the nasal microbiota diversity and composition. The genetic association analyses identified 63 genome-wide significant loci affecting the nasal microbial taxa and functions, of which 2 loci reached study-wide significance (p < 1.7 × 10): rs73268759 within CAMK2A associated with genus Actinomyces and family Actinomycetaceae; and rs35211877 near POM121L12 with Gemella asaccharolytica. In addition to respiratory-related diseases, the associated loci are mainly implicated in cardiometabolic or neuropsychiatric diseases. Functional analysis showed the associated genes were most significantly expressed in the nasal airway epithelium tissue and enriched in the calcium signaling and hippo signaling pathway. Further observational correlation and Mendelian randomization analyses consistently suggested the causal effects of Serratia grimesii and Yokenella regensburgei on cardiometabolic biomarkers (cystine, glutamic acid, and creatine). This study suggested that the host genome plays an important role in shaping the nasal microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Nose; Microbiota; Genetic Variation; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38291185
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05822-5 -
Clinical Case Reports Dec 2021is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative motile rod which is rarely isolated from human caused a few opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients so far. We...
is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative motile rod which is rarely isolated from human caused a few opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients so far. We report the first case of otitis media combined with externa caused by . in an immunocompetent patient. A 56-year-old male patient visited the outpatient clinic of the Otolaryngology Department due to otorrhea of the right ear started after diving in mountain valley in Korea 3 days ago. He was immunocompetent adult and clinical examination revealed swelling and debris accumulation in the right external auditory canal with an intact, erythematous tympanic membrane, and clear, odorless otorrhea. Microbiological culture of otorrhea revealed . by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and PCR-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing. His otorrhea persisted, and a pinpoint perforation occurred in the inferior anterior portion of the tympanic membrane. 50% acetic acid irrigation and 500 mg of oral ciprofloxacin were prescribed, and his infection was cured after 4 weeks. This is the first case of otitis media combined with externa caused by in an immunocompetent patient. Given that species infections are rare, especially in immunocompetent patients, this case highlights the importance of history taking and communication between clinicians and laboratory physicians. Molecular identification methods assist in identifying rare pathogens.
PubMed: 34938553
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5177 -
Heliyon Jun 2023Polystyrene is a plastic that leads to environmental pollution. In particular, expanded polystyrene is very light and takes up much space, causing additional...
OBJECTIVES
Polystyrene is a plastic that leads to environmental pollution. In particular, expanded polystyrene is very light and takes up much space, causing additional environmental problems. The aim of this study was to isolate new symbiotic bacteria which degraded polystyrene from mealworms.
METHODS
The population of polystyrene degrading bacteria was increased by enrichment culture of intestinal bacteria from mealworms with polystyrene as a sole carbon source. The degradation activity of isolated bacteria was evaluated by morphological change of micro-polystyrene particles and the surface change of polystyrene films.
RESULTS
Eight isolated species (, , , , , , , and ) were identified that degrade polystyrene.
CONCLUSION
Bacterial identification shows that a broad spectrum of bacteria decomposing polystyrene coexists in the intestinal tract of mealworms.
PubMed: 37426801
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17352 -
Access Microbiology 2023, belonging to the order , is a rare and emerging human pathogen reported to cause both superficial and invasive infections. The 13 case reports in the literature...
, belonging to the order , is a rare and emerging human pathogen reported to cause both superficial and invasive infections. The 13 case reports in the literature worldwide highlight blood, bone and wound infections. To our knowledge this is the first case description of causing a urinary tract infection in a 69-year-old immunocompetent patient which was isolated in two separate specimens and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS. It was found to be susceptible to most antimicrobials but resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin and colistin. Inducible chromosomal resistance was demonstrated on disc approximation testing, and YOC-1 class C beta-lactamase, beta lactamase superfamily and MBL fold metallo-hydrolase genes were found on whole genome sequencing.
PubMed: 37970085
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000571.v4 -
Microorganisms Sep 2021Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community...
Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasantshells () from the Clinch River, USA, during a multi-year mass mortality event. Bacterial loads were approximately 2 logs higher in moribund mussels (cases) than in apparently healthy mussels (controls). Bacterial communities also differed between cases and controls, with fewer sequence variants (SVs) and higher relative abundances of the proteobacteria and in cases than in controls. Inferred bacterial metabolic pathways demonstrated a predominance of degradation, utilization, and assimilation pathways in cases and a predominance of biosynthesis pathways in controls. Only two SVs correlated with Clinch densovirus 1, a virus previously shown to be strongly associated with mortality in this system: Deinococcota and Actinobacteriota, which were associated with densovirus-positive and densovirus-negative mussels, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that bacterial invasion and shifts in the bacterial microbiome during unionid mass mortality events may result from primary insults such as viral infection or environmental stressors. If so, bacterial communities in mussel hemolymph may be sensitive, if generalized, indicators of declining mussel health.
PubMed: 34576872
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091976