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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and lupus erythematosus are some of common inflammatory diseases. These affections are highly... (Review)
Review
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and lupus erythematosus are some of common inflammatory diseases. These affections are highly disabling and share signals such as inflammatory sequences and immune dysregulation. The use of foods with anti-inflammatory properties such as ginger () could improve the quality of life of these patients. Ginger is a plant widely used and known by its bioactive compounds. There is enough evidence to prove that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the bioactive compounds of ginger and their role in the inflammatory process and its signaling pathways. We can conclude that the compounds 6-shoagol, zingerone, and 8-shoagol display promising results in human and animal models, reducing some of the main symptoms of some inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. For lupus, 6-gingerol demonstrated a protective attenuating neutrophil extracellular trap release in response to phosphodiesterase inhibition. Ginger decreases NF-kβ in psoriasis, and its short-term administration may be an alternative coadjuvant treatment. Ginger may exert a function of supplementation and protection against cancer. Furthermore, when receiving chemotherapy, ginger may reduce some symptoms of treatment (e.g., nausea).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Zingiber officinale; Quality of Life; Plant Extracts; Fatty Alcohols; Catechols; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Psoriasis
PubMed: 36364048
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217223 -
Biomolecules Oct 2018Enhancing and protecting testosterone production is one target for many scientists because of its crucial role as a primary sex hormone in males. Several in vivo trials... (Review)
Review
Enhancing and protecting testosterone production is one target for many scientists because of its crucial role as a primary sex hormone in males. Several in vivo trials have utilized different dietary supplements and medicinal plants to enhance testosterone production in males. Since 1991, various in-vivo, as well as basic research studies, have discovered a link between ginger () and testosterone. However, such a link has not yet been collectively reviewed. This review systematically discusses and summarizes the effect of ginger and ginger extracts on testosterone. To achieve this contribution, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English language articles (full texts or abstracts) from November 1991 through August 2018 using the keywords "ginger" and "" versus "testosterone". Additionally, the references from related published articles were also reviewed, only if relevant. In conclusion, the mainstream of research that links ginger to testosterone demonstrated that ginger supplementation, particularly in oxidative stress conditions, enhances testosterone production in males. The mechanisms by which this occurs mainly by enhancing luteinizing hormone (LH) production, increasing the level of cholesterol in the testes, reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the testes, enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, normalizing blood glucose, increasing blood flow in the testes, increasing testicular weight, and recycling testosterone receptors. However, the effect of ginger on testosterone is not yet confirmed in humans. Therefore, clinical studies in this context of research are imperative.
Topics: Animals; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Plant Extracts; Testosterone
PubMed: 30360442
DOI: 10.3390/biom8040119 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022var. (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical... (Review)
Review
var. (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical constituents have been reported from red ginger. The constituents include vanilloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoids, amino acids, etc. Red ginger has many therapeutic roles in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, vomiting, rubella, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, growth disorders, and cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that red ginger exhibits immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. These biological activities are the underlying causes of red ginger's therapeutic benefits. In addition, there have been few reports on adverse side effects of red ginger. This review aims to provide insights in terms the bioactive constituents and their biosynthesis, biological activities, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of red ginger.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Insecticides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neuroprotective Agents; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 35164040
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030775 -
Nutrients Aug 2016Spices have been widely used as food flavorings and folk medicines for thousands of years. Numerous studies have documented the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and... (Review)
Review
Spices have been widely used as food flavorings and folk medicines for thousands of years. Numerous studies have documented the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spices, which might be related to prevention and treatment of several cancers, including lung, liver, breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix, and prostate cancers. Several spices are potential sources for prevention and treatment of cancers, such as Curcuma longa (tumeric), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Crocus sativus (saffron), Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Capsicum annum (chili pepper), which contained several important bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, thymoquinone, piperine and capsaicin. The main mechanisms of action include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of tumors, and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarized recent studies on some spices for prevention and treatment of cancers, and special attention was paid to bioactive components and mechanisms of action.
Topics: Alkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Benzodioxoles; Benzoquinones; Capsaicin; Capsicum; Cell Proliferation; Crocus; Curcuma; Curcumin; Garlic; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Neoplasms; Nigella sativa; Phytotherapy; Piper nigrum; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Spices
PubMed: 27529277
DOI: 10.3390/nu8080495 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Mar 2014More than half of pregnant women suffer from nausea and vomiting, which typically begins by the fourth week and disappears by the 16th week of pregnancy. The cause of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
More than half of pregnant women suffer from nausea and vomiting, which typically begins by the fourth week and disappears by the 16th week of pregnancy. The cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is unknown, but may be due to the rise in human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration. In 1 in 200 women, the condition progresses to hyperemesis gravidarum, which is characterised by prolonged and severe nausea and vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatment for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy? What are the effects of treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 32 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupressure; acupuncture; corticosteroids; ginger; metoclopramide; ondansetron; prochlorperazine; promethazine; and pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
Topics: Acupressure; Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antiemetics; Female; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Nausea; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Vomiting
PubMed: 24646807
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the International Society of... 2018during last decades. At present, some herbs are used to enhance muscle strength and body mass. Emergent evidence suggests that the health benefits from plants are... (Review)
Review
during last decades. At present, some herbs are used to enhance muscle strength and body mass. Emergent evidence suggests that the health benefits from plants are attributed to their bioactive compounds such as Polyphenols, Terpenoids, and Alkaloids which have several physiological effects on the human body. At times, manufacturers launch numerous products with banned ingredient inside with inappropriate amounts or fake supplement inducing harmful side effect. Unfortunately up to date, there is no guarantee that herbal supplements are safe for anyone to use and it has not helped to clear the confusion surrounding the herbal use in sport field especially. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide guidance on the efficacy and side effect of most used plants in sport. We have identified plants according to the following categories: Ginseng, alkaloids, and other purported herbal ergogenics such as , Cordyceps Sinensis. We found that most herbal supplement effects are likely due to activation of the central nervous system via stimulation of catecholamines. Ginseng was used as an endurance performance enhancer, while alkaloids supplementation resulted in improvements in sprint and cycling intense exercises. Despite it is prohibited, small amount of ephedrine was usually used in combination with caffeine to enhance muscle strength in trained individuals. Some other alkaloids such as green tea extracts have been used to improve body mass and composition in athletes. Other herb (i.e. Rhodiola, Astragalus) help relieve muscle and joint pain, but results about their effects on exercise performance are missing.
Topics: Alkaloids; Astragalus Plant; Athletes; Caffeine; Cordyceps; Dietary Supplements; Ephedrine; Zingiber officinale; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Panax; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Rhodiola; Sports; Tribulus
PubMed: 29568244
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0218-y -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Nov 2021Many preclinical and clinical studies have examined the potential benefits of ginger extracts for a range of medical disorders. Ginger has been found to reduce both pain...
Many preclinical and clinical studies have examined the potential benefits of ginger extracts for a range of medical disorders. Ginger has been found to reduce both pain and nausea and has therefore also been studied in the context of migraine headache. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that ginger was no better than placebo for the prevention of migraine episodes. One meta-analysis (pooled N = 227) found that, relative to placebo, ginger was associated with a higher proportion of patients who were pain free 2 hours after treatment (risk ratio [RR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.09; 2 RCTs). In this meta-analysis, relative to placebo, ginger reduced the risk of migraine-related nausea and vomiting (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30-0.77; 3 RCTs) and was not associated with an increased risk of adverse events (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.46-1.41; 3 RCTs). No other RCT data are available. Such an evidence base is clearly too small for formal recommendations to be possible. It is suggested that raw ginger or proprietary ginger extracts may be useful as a home remedy for patients who experience an episode of migraine and who, for whatever reason, cannot take established first-line treatments for acute migraine. How ginger thus used compares with established treatments for migraine is presently unknown. Finally, it must be remembered that the chemical constituents of ginger will vary across source and extract; so, when an extract of ginger is studied, the findings of the study can be generalized only to that extract and, possibly, to other extracts with a similar composition.
Topics: Analgesics; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Migraine Disorders; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34851560
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.21f14325 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2015Nausea, retching and vomiting are very commonly experienced by women in early pregnancy. There are considerable physical, social and psychological effects on women who... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Nausea, retching and vomiting are very commonly experienced by women in early pregnancy. There are considerable physical, social and psychological effects on women who experience these symptoms. This is an update of a review of interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy last published in 2014.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness and safety of all interventions for nausea, vomiting and retching in early pregnancy, up to 20 weeks' gestation.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field's Trials Register (19 January 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised controlled trials of any intervention for nausea, vomiting and retching in early pregnancy. We excluded trials of interventions for hyperemesis gravidarum, which are covered by another Cochrane review. We also excluded quasi-randomised trials and trials using a cross-over design.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Four review authors, in pairs, reviewed the eligibility of trials and independently evaluated the risk of bias and extracted the data for included trials.
MAIN RESULTS
Forty-one trials involving 5449 women, met the inclusion criteria. These trials covered many interventions, including acupressure, acustimulation, acupuncture, ginger, chamomile, lemon oil, mint oil, vitamin B6 and several antiemetic drugs. There were no included studies of dietary and other lifestyle interventions. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of P6 acupressure, auricular (ear) acupressure and acustimulation of the P6 point was limited. Acupuncture (P6 or traditional) showed no significant benefit to women in pregnancy. The use of ginger products may be helpful to women, but the evidence of effectiveness was limited and not consistent, though three recent studies support ginger over placebo. There was only limited evidence from trials to support the use of pharmacological agents including vitamin B6, Doxylamine-pyridoxoine and other anti-emetic drugs to relieve mild or moderate nausea and vomiting. There was little information on maternal and fetal adverse outcomes and on psychological, social or economic outcomes.We were unable to pool findings from studies for most outcomes due to heterogeneity in study participants, interventions, comparison groups, and outcomes measured or reported. The methodological quality of the included studies was mixed. Risk of bias was low related to performance bias, detection bias and attrition bias for most studies. Selection bias risk was unclear for many studies and almost half of the studies did not fully or clearly report all pre-specified outcomes.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Given the high prevalence of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy, women and health professionals need clear guidance about effective and safe interventions, based on systematically reviewed evidence. There is a lack of high-quality evidence to support any particular intervention. This is not the same as saying that the interventions studied are ineffective, but that there is insufficient strong evidence for any one intervention. The difficulties in interpreting and pooling the results of the studies included in this review highlight the need for specific, consistent and clearly justified outcomes and approaches to measurement in research studies.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Antiemetics; Female; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Morning Sickness; Nausea; Phytotherapy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex; Vomiting
PubMed: 26348534
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007575.pub4 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Feb 2016Clinical questionCan ginger treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy?Bottom lineIn the first trimester ginger might improve nausea and vomiting by about 4 points on a... (Review)
Review
Clinical questionCan ginger treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy?Bottom lineIn the first trimester ginger might improve nausea and vomiting by about 4 points on a 40-point scale or stop vomiting for 1 in 3 women at 6 days. The largest study suggests no increase in fetal malformations or stillbirths, but smaller studies suggest otherwise.
Topics: Antiemetics; Female; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Nausea; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stillbirth; Vomiting
PubMed: 26884528
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020Though essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity against food pathogens, their underlying mechanism is understudied. We extracted ginger essential oil (GEO) using...
Though essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity against food pathogens, their underlying mechanism is understudied. We extracted ginger essential oil (GEO) using supercritical CO and steam distillation. A chemical composition comparison by GC-MS showed that the main components of the extracted GEOs were zingiberene and α-curcumene. Their antibacterial activity and associated mechanism against and were investigated. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) of GEO against was 17.1 mm, with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.0 mg/mL, and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of 2.0 mg/mL. For the DIZ was 12.3 mm with MIC and MBC values of 2.0 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that some of the electrophoretic bacterial cell proteins bands disappeared with the increase in GEO concentration. Consequently, the nucleic acids content of bacterial suspension was raised significantly and the metabolic activity of bacteria was markedly decreased. GEO could thus inhibit the expression of some genes linked to bacterial energy metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell membrane-related proteins, and DNA metabolism. Our findings speculate the bactericidal effects of GEO primarily through disruption of the bacterial cell membrane indicating its suitability in food perseveration.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Zingiber officinale; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Sesquiterpenes; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 32872604
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173955