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Journal of Dental Research Feb 2018Zirconias, the strongest of the dental ceramics, are increasingly being fabricated in monolithic form for a range of clinical applications. Y-TZP (yttria-stabilized... (Review)
Review
Zirconias, the strongest of the dental ceramics, are increasingly being fabricated in monolithic form for a range of clinical applications. Y-TZP (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) is the most widely used variant. However, current Y-TZP ceramics on the market lack the aesthetics of competitive glass-ceramics and are therefore somewhat restricted in the anterior region. This article reviews the progressive development of currently available and next-generation zirconias, representing a concerted drive toward greater translucency while preserving adequate strength and toughness. Limitations of efforts directed toward this end are examined, such as reducing the content of light-scattering alumina sintering aid or incorporating a component of optically isotropic cubic phase into the tetragonal structure. The latest fabrication routes based on refined starting powders and dopants, with innovative sintering protocols and associated surface treatments, are described. The need to understand the several, often complex, mechanisms of long-term failure in relation to routine laboratory test data is presented as a vital step in bridging the gaps among material scientist, dental manufacturer, and clinical provider.
Topics: Ceramics; Dental Materials; Dental Stress Analysis; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Surface Properties; Yttrium; Zirconium
PubMed: 29035694
DOI: 10.1177/0022034517737483 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 2018Digital manufacturing, all-ceramics, and adhesive dentistry are currently the trendiest topics in clinical restorative dentistry. Tooth- and implant-supported fixed... (Review)
Review
Digital manufacturing, all-ceramics, and adhesive dentistry are currently the trendiest topics in clinical restorative dentistry. Tooth- and implant-supported fixed restorations from computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-fabricated high-strength ceramics-namely, alumina and zirconia-are widely accepted as reliable alternatives to traditional metal-ceramic restorations. Most recent developments have focused on high-translucent monolithic full-contour zirconia restorations, which have become extremely popular in a short period of time, due to physical strength, CAD/CAM fabrication, and low cost. However, questions about proper resin bonding protocols have emerged, as they are critical for clinical success of brittle ceramics and treatment options that rely on adhesive bonds, specifically resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses or partial-coverage restorations such as inlays/onlays and veneers. Resin bonding has long been the gold standard for retention and reinforcement of low- to medium-strength silica-based ceramics but requires multiple pretreatment steps of the bonding surfaces, increasing complexity, and technique sensitivity compared to conventional cementation. Here, we critically review and discuss the evidence on resin bonding related to long-term clinical outcomes of tooth- and implant-supported high-strength ceramic restorations. Based on a targeted literature search, clinical long-term studies indicate that porcelain-veneered alumina or zirconia full-coverage crowns and fixed dental prostheses have high long-term survival rates when inserted with conventional cements. However, most of the selected studies recommend resin bonding and suggest even greater success with composite resins or self-adhesive resin cements, especially for implant-supported restorations. High-strength ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses have high long-term clinical success rates, especially when designed as a cantilever with only 1 retainer. Proper pretreatment of the bonding surfaces and application of primers or composite resins that contain special adhesive monomers are necessary. To date, there are no clinical long-term data on resin bonding of partial-coverage high-strength ceramic or monolithic zirconia restorations.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Bonding; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Stress Analysis; Esthetics, Dental; Resin Cements; Zirconium
PubMed: 28876966
DOI: 10.1177/0022034517729134 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... May 2019Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the appearance of natural teeth and decrease peri-implant inflammatory reactions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to critically explore the state of art of zirconia surface treatment to enhance the biological and osseointegration behavior of zirconia in implant dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search in PubMed database was carried out until May 2018 using the following combination of key words and MeSH terms without time periods: "zirconia surface treatment" or "zirconia surface modification" or "zirconia coating" and "osseointegration" or "biological properties" or "bioactivity" or "functionally graded properties".
RESULTS
Previous studies have reported the influence of zirconia-based implant surface on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast and fibroblasts at the implant to bone interface during the osseointegration process. A large number of physicochemical methods have been used to change the implant surfaces and therefore to improve the early and late bone-to-implant integration, namely: acid etching, gritblasting, laser treatment, UV light, CVD, and PVD. The development of coatings composed of silica, magnesium, graphene, dopamine, and bioactive molecules has been assessed although the development of a functionally graded material for implants has shown encouraging mechanical and biological behavior.
CONCLUSION
Modified zirconia surfaces clearly demonstrate faster osseointegration than that on untreated surfaces. However, there is no consensus regarding the surface treatment and consequent morphological aspects of the surfaces to enhance osseointegration.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 30813009
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.062 -
PeerJ 2023Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of... (Review)
Review
Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of all-ceramic/zirconia restorations, are becoming popular restorative materials in restorative and prosthetic dentistry choices for aesthetic and biological reasons. Dental zirconia has increased over the past years producing wide varieties of zirconia for prosthetic restorations in dentistry. At present, literature is lacking on the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Currently, no article has the latest information on the various zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this article is to present an overview of recent dental zirconia biomaterials and tends to classify the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. This article is useful for dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, academicians, and researchers in the field of dental zirconia.
Topics: Zirconium; Biocompatible Materials; Ceramics; Dentistry
PubMed: 37465158
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15669 -
Medicine Oct 2019Although all-ceramic crowns have excellent biocompatibility and esthetic appearance, chipping may occur. The mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia restorative...
Although all-ceramic crowns have excellent biocompatibility and esthetic appearance, chipping may occur. The mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia restorative material are superior to those of all-ceramic restorative materials, and chipping caused by chewing hard foods could be avoided. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of monolithic zirconia crowns for posterior teeth restorations.A total of 46 patients requiring posterior teeth restorations involving 49 teeth were treated with monolithic zirconia crown procedure. The treatment results were evaluated according to the modified California Dental Association criteria immediately after the procedure, and at 2, 24, 48, and 96 weeks after the procedure. The plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, crown marginal integrity, and attrition of the abutment teeth, antagonist teeth, corresponding contralateral teeth, and antagonist of the corresponding contralateral teeth were assessed. The patients were followed for up to 96 weeks.The marginal adaptation results of all 46 patients were evaluated as excellent, resulting in an excellent rate of 100%. Regarding the crown color match, only 3 cases (6.1%) were evaluated as acceptable. Marginal adaptation, anatomic form, crown margin integrity, color match, and gross fracture did not show significant differences compared with the different time points (P = .999). Surface texture at different time did not change significantly (P = .807). During the 96-week follow-up, 1 crack in the antagonist teeth was found in 1 patient. There were no significant differences in wear of the antagonist teeth at different time points (P = .972). The rate of "excellent" evaluation for crown restorations was 93.9% to 100%.The monolithic zirconia crown had no detectable adverse effects on the periodontal tissues, and the antagonist teeth attrition was small. Therefore, it has good potential in the clinical application of posterior teeth restorations in the short term.
Topics: Crowns; Dental Health Surveys; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Restoration Failure; Female; Humans; Male; Zirconium
PubMed: 31577743
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017385 -
BioMed Research International 2022Many synthetic routes manufacture zirconium nanoparticles in metal oxide, nitride, and other combination forms. Coupled with other variables such as concentration, pH,... (Review)
Review
Many synthetic routes manufacture zirconium nanoparticles in metal oxide, nitride, and other combination forms. Coupled with other variables such as concentration, pH, and form of precursor used, the various synthetic methods support synthesizing the zirconium metal oxide nanoparticles with changed features. Various synthetic methods were studied, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, laser ablation, and precipitation. All have different synthetic routes, different precursors and solvents were sued, and the product was characterized by SEM, TEM, photo luminance spectroscopy, UV-absorption spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction determined the crystal structure by identifying the crystal shape, arrangement of atoms, and spacing between them. SEM and TEM studied the particle size and morphology of nanoparticles. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy were used for the determination of optical properties of nanoparticles. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles have many applications in the medical field. The review study primarily focuses on the efficient combination of zirconium dioxide with other additive materials and functionalization techniques used to improve the material's properties, assisting the use of the material in hip arthroplasty and bone tissue applications. The development of sophisticated near-infrared (NIR) absorbing small molecules for useful phototheranostic applications was discussed in this paper.
Topics: Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Oxides; Powders; Solvents; X-Ray Diffraction; Zirconium
PubMed: 36147638
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4910777 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2018The interest in zirconium-89 (Zr) as a positron-emitting radionuclide has grown considerably over the last decade due to its standardized production, long half-life of... (Review)
Review
The interest in zirconium-89 (Zr) as a positron-emitting radionuclide has grown considerably over the last decade due to its standardized production, long half-life of 78.2 h, favorable decay characteristics for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and its successful use in a variety of clinical and preclinical applications. However, to be utilized effectively in PET applications it must be stably bound to a targeting ligand, and the most successfully used Zr chelator is desferrioxamine B (DFO), which is commercially available as the iron chelator Desferal. Despite the prevalence of DFO in Zr-immuno-PET applications, the development of new ligands for this radiometal is an active area of research. This review focuses on recent advances in zirconium-89 chelation chemistry and will highlight the rapidly expanding ligand classes that are under investigation as DFO alternatives.
Topics: Animals; Chelating Agents; Deferoxamine; Humans; Molecular Structure; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioisotopes; Zirconium
PubMed: 29534538
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030638 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Aug 2022Adsorption and controlled release of agrochemicals has been studied widely using different nanomaterials and a variety of formulations. However, the potential for...
Adsorption and controlled release of agrochemicals has been studied widely using different nanomaterials and a variety of formulations. However, the potential for application of high surface-area metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the controlled release of agrochemicals has not been thoroughly explored. Herein, we report controlled and sustainable release of a widely used herbicide (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA) via incorporation in a range of zirconium-based MOFs and their biodegradable polymer composites. Three Zr-based MOFs, viz., UiO-66, UiO-66-NH, and UiO-67 were loaded with MCPA either postsynthetically or in situ during synthesis of the MOFs. The MCPA-loaded MOFs were then incorporated into a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) composite membrane. All three MOFs and their PCL composites were thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, TGA, SEM, PXRD, BET, and mass spectrometry. Release of MCPA from each of these MOFs and their PCL composites was then studied in both distilled water and in ethanol for up to 72 h using HPLC. The best performance for MCPA release was observed for the postsynthetically loaded MOFs, with PS-MCPA@UiO-66-NH showing the highest MCPA concentrations in ethanol and water of 0.056 and 0.037 mg/mL, respectively. Enhanced release of MCPA was observed in distilled water when the MOFs were incorporated in PCL. The concentrations of herbicides in the release studies provide us with a range of inhibitory concentrations that can be utilized depending on the crop, making this class of composite materials a promising new route for future agricultural applications.
Topics: 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Delayed-Action Preparations; Ethanol; Herbicides; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Phthalic Acids; Polymers; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water; Zirconium
PubMed: 35905450
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00499 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the revolution of dental zirconia (Zir), including its types, properties, applications, and cementation procedures.... (Review)
Review
The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the revolution of dental zirconia (Zir), including its types, properties, applications, and cementation procedures. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase was conducted. The search was limited to manuscripts published in English. The final search was conducted in October 2021. Newly developed monolithic Zir ceramics have substantially enhanced esthetics and translucency. However, this material must be further studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its long-term ability to maintain its exceptional properties. According to the literature, monolithic translucent Zir has had promising results and a high survival rate. Thus, the utilization of this material is indicated when strength and esthetics are needed. Both the materials and methods used for cementation of monolithic Zir have significantly improved, encouraging dentists to use this material, especially when a conservative approach is required. Zir restorations showed promising outcomes, particularly for monolithic Zir crowns supported with implant and fixed dental prostheses.
Topics: Zirconium
PubMed: 35268800
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051699 -
Journal of Dental Research Dec 2014Our goal is to give an overview of a selection of emerging ceramics and issues for dental or biomedical applications, with emphasis on specific challenges associated... (Review)
Review
Our goal is to give an overview of a selection of emerging ceramics and issues for dental or biomedical applications, with emphasis on specific challenges associated with full-contour zirconia ceramics, and a brief synopsis on new machinable glass-ceramics and ceramic-based interpenetrating phase composites. Selected fabrication techniques relevant to dental or biomedical applications such as microwave sintering, spark plasma sintering, and additive manufacturing are also reviewed. Where appropriate, the authors have added their opinions and guidance.
Topics: Ceramics; Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Microwaves; Plasma Gases; Zirconium
PubMed: 25274751
DOI: 10.1177/0022034514553627