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Cell Sep 2016Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness...
Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are the most common and familiar symptoms of infections, their roles in host defense are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of anorexia in models of bacterial and viral infections. We found that anorexia was protective while nutritional supplementation was detrimental in bacterial sepsis. Furthermore, glucose was necessary and sufficient for these effects. In contrast, nutritional supplementation protected against mortality from influenza infection and viral sepsis, whereas blocking glucose utilization was lethal. In both bacterial and viral models, these effects were largely independent of pathogen load and magnitude of inflammation. Instead, we identify opposing metabolic requirements tied to cellular stress adaptations critical for tolerance of differential inflammatory states. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyglucose; Disease Management; Fasting; Glucose; Humans; Illness Behavior; Inflammation; Influenza, Human; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeriosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nutritional Support; Poly I-C; Sepsis; Transcription Factor CHOP
PubMed: 27610573
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.026 -
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Jun 2019Listeriosis is a rare foodborne condition that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. can be vertically transmitted to the fetus,... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Listeriosis is a rare foodborne condition that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. can be vertically transmitted to the fetus, resulting in adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about listeriosis in pregnancy and review the current management and treatment recommendations.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the clinical and relevant evidence available regarding listeriosis in pregnancy and educate providers on common clinical symptoms, sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A PubMed review was conducted using search terms "pregnancy" OR "Listeria" OR "Maternal Listeriosis," and "Neonatal Listeriosis." The search included review articles, original research articles, and guidelines on diagnosis and management of listeriosis in pregnancy. The search was limited to the English language and publications between 1988 and July 2018.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis in pregnancy can result in severe adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes including miscarriage, preterm labor, fetal death, and neonatal meningitis and sepsis. Early treatment has been shown to improve fetal and neonatal outcomes; therefore, prevention with education and early diagnosis prompting treatment will improve overall outcomes.
RELEVANCE
The incidence of listeriosis is expected to rise in the coming years due to changes in the US population, with increasing numbers of older Americans and Hispanic individuals, both of whom are at higher risk. Pregnant women contract listeriosis at a rate that is 16- to 18-fold greater than the general population. Given the expected increased rise in incidence and increased susceptibility of pregnant women, understanding the common clinical symptoms, maternal and fetal sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines is essential.
Topics: Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 31216045
DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000683 -
MBio Jun 2017The Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne infection. Pregnant women are at risk of contracting... (Review)
Review
The Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne infection. Pregnant women are at risk of contracting listeriosis, which can potentially lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, and congenital neonatal infections. While other systemic bacterial infections may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes at comparable frequencies, has particular notoriety because fetal complications largely occur in the absence of overt illness in the mother, delaying medical intervention. Here, we briefly review the pathophysiology and mechanisms of maternofetal listeriosis, discussed in light of a recent report on transplacental infection in a nonhuman primate model.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Placenta; Pregnancy
PubMed: 28655824
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00949-17 -
Medicina Clinica Jun 2020The importance of listeriosis is not sufficiently recognised. The general incidence of infection has been stable in recent years, but with an upward trend in people over... (Review)
Review
The importance of listeriosis is not sufficiently recognised. The general incidence of infection has been stable in recent years, but with an upward trend in people over 65, also in mortality. Listeriosis is a foodborne disease that generally occurs in the form of sporadic cases; however, new molecular typing techniques have revealed the existence of epidemic outbreaks not previously suspected. The disease has a variable incubation period, which is related to the clinical presentation. Bacteraemia and neurolisteriosis are the predominant clinical forms, although at present, the main interest is focused on the management of focal infections and those associated with prosthetic devices. Listeriosis is a significant problem for the food industry, and many countries have introduced legislation to control the incidence of the disease.
Topics: Bacteremia; Disease Outbreaks; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis
PubMed: 32147188
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.02.001 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Aug 2018Listeria monocytogenes, a ubiquitous bacterium in nature, can lead to human listeriosis through food consumption. Listeriosis is a rare, preventable, and treatable... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes, a ubiquitous bacterium in nature, can lead to human listeriosis through food consumption. Listeriosis is a rare, preventable, and treatable foodborne disease but can cause hospitalizations and fatalities. We reviewed the literature published in China to better understand the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in food products, incidence of human listeriosis, and characteristics of L. monocytogenes strains in China. The average prevalence of L. monocytogenes in Chinese food products in 28 provinces was 4.42%, with the highest prevalence of 8.91% in meat-poultry products, followed by aquatic animals, Chinese salad and salad, rice and flour products, and so on. Two hundred fifty-three invasive listeriosis cases were reported from 2011 to 2016 in 19 provinces, and the overall case-fatality rate was 25.7% with no deaths reported of pregnant women and children. L. monocytogenes strains were generally susceptible to most antibiotics, with ampicillin and penicillin G still effective in treatment. The predominant sequence types (STs) in food were ST9 and ST8, while clinically ST87 was most common ST in China. The national human listeriosis pilot surveillance started in 2013, and a total of 133 listeriosis cases have been collected until now. On the basis of the surveillance program, further research should be conducted to uncover the reason for the prevalence and pathogenic mechanism of the highly epidemiological hypervirulent ST87 strains in China.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Food Contamination; Food Safety; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Prevalence
PubMed: 30124341
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2409 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2019Whereas obligate human and animal bacterial pathogens may be able to depend upon the warmth and relative stability of their chosen replication niche, environmental... (Review)
Review
Whereas obligate human and animal bacterial pathogens may be able to depend upon the warmth and relative stability of their chosen replication niche, environmental bacteria such as that harbor the ability to replicate both within animal cells and in the outside environment must maintain the capability to manage life under a variety of disparate conditions. Bacterial life in the outside environment requires adaptation to wide ranges of temperature, available nutrients, and physical stresses such as changes in pH and osmolarity as well as desiccation. Following ingestion by a susceptible animal host, the bacterium must adapt to similar changes during transit through the gastrointestinal tract and overcome a variety of barriers associated with host innate immune responses. Rapid alteration of patterns of gene expression and protein synthesis represent one strategy for quickly adapting to a dynamic host landscape. Here, we provide an overview of the impressive variety of strategies employed by the soil-dwelling, foodborne, mammalian pathogen to straddle diverse environments and optimize bacterial fitness both inside and outside host cells.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Osmolar Concentration; Virulence
PubMed: 31441398
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0064-2019 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Sep 2023Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne, facultative, intracellular gram-positive bacillus, is one of 17 species of the Listeria genus and was responsible for the world's... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne, facultative, intracellular gram-positive bacillus, is one of 17 species of the Listeria genus and was responsible for the world's largest outbreak of listeriosis in 2017-2018 in South Africa. Listeria monocytogenes tends to cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy individuals. However, pregnancy-associated listeriosis can be fatal to the fetus and can lead to serious adverse effects in the neonate. Listeria monocytogenes has an affinity for the placenta, as opposed to other nonreproductive organs. Herein, we present a case of placental listeriosis diagnosed in a 33-year-old female, parity 4, with unknown gestational age during the listeriosis outbreak in South Africa in 2017-2018. The patient presented with pregnancy-related complications and underwent a caesarean section. Morphological features demonstrated acute suppurative villitis and intervillositis with a heavy load of gram-positive bacilli, which is highly suggestive of placental listeriosis. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of L. monocytogenes.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Adult; Placenta; Cesarean Section; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Chorioamnionitis
PubMed: 37487564
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0029 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Mar 2021To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis and to provide a basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of hospital infection.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis and to provide a basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of hospital infection.
METHODS
A total of 10 inpatients, who suffered from the listeriosis in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2013 to June 2019, were retrospectively collected for this study. The characteristics of the patients' age, gander, basic information, case type, clinical manifestations, first consultation department, days of diagnosis, infection indicator, specimen type, results of drug sensitivity, treatment plan, hospital infection or not, outcome, follow-up data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Two cases were pregnant women and other were non-pregnant adults among 10 patients with listeriosis. Among them, there were 3 cases with hospital acquired infection. The age of patient onset was 27-71 years old, and the time from onset to diagnosis was 5-36 days. Five cases had fever, and other 5 cases had not fever. There were headache, fatigue, local pain, and other specialized symptoms in the 10 patients.The white blood cell count,the neutrophil ratio, the inflammatory index C-reactive protein, the procalcitonin were all increased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation was accelerated in the 10 patients.All the patients were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin G, meropenem, and compound sinomine.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis often affects the patients with low immunity, which often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in clinic.So early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment can reduce mortality; it is important for departments of nosocomial infection management to manage patients' diet for avoiding outbreaks of listeriosis in hospital.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meropenem; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33927072
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200399 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Mar 2022Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated...
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated listeriosis is available in China. This study aimed to reveal the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy-associated listeriosis cases and provide references for treating and managing this disease.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective study on maternal and neonatal patients with pregnancy-associated listeriosis. The clinical characteristics of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were studied, and the outcome determinants of neonatal listeriosis were explored.
RESULTS
14 cases of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were identified. The incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis in our hospital was 16.69/100,000 births. All of the 14 maternal patients eventually recovered after delivery shortly with no sequelae. None of the 12 mothers who delivered in this hospital received antepartum first-line empirical treatment. Among the 14 neonatal cases, 1 was late-onset listeriosis and 13 were early-onset cases; 11 survived and 3 died. Fatality rates were significantly higher in outborn neonates (P = 0.005). Besides, higher mortality rates were observed in neonates with lower birth weight (P = 0.038), gestational age < 28 weeks (P = 0.056), and Apgar score (5 min) < 5 (P = 0.056), with marginally significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis would bring disastrous effects to the neonatal cases, especially to the outborn, low birth weight, and low gestational age of neonates. Timely detection and treatment should be taken seriously for the key neonates. How to early detect L. monocytogenes infected cases, especially in the prenatal stage, remains a serious challenge.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35346105
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04613-2 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2014Listeriosis is characterized by bacteremia or meningitis. We searched for listeriosis case series and outbreak investigations published in English by 2013, and assessed... (Review)
Review
Listeriosis is characterized by bacteremia or meningitis. We searched for listeriosis case series and outbreak investigations published in English by 2013, and assessed the strength of evidence for foodborne acquisition among patients who ate hospital food. We identified 30 reports from 13 countries. Among the case series, the median proportion of cases considered to be hospital-acquired was 25% (range, 9%-67%). The median number of outbreak-related illnesses considered to be hospital-acquired was 4.0 (range, 2-16). All patients were immunosuppressed in 18 of 24 (75%) reports with available data. Eight outbreak reports with strong evidence for foodborne acquisition in a hospital implicated sandwiches (3 reports), butter, precut celery, Camembert cheese, sausage, and tuna salad (1 report each). Foodborne acquisition of listeriosis among hospitalized patients is well documented internationally. The number of listeriosis cases could be reduced substantially by establishing hospital policies for safe food preparation for immunocompromised patients and by not serving them higher-risk foods.
Topics: Animals; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Foodborne Diseases; Global Health; Hospitals; Humans; Listeriosis
PubMed: 24846635
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu365