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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Mar 2023Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically,... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Risk Factors; Bacteremia; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 36475874
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00060-19 -
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Jun 2019Listeriosis is a rare foodborne condition that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. can be vertically transmitted to the fetus,... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Listeriosis is a rare foodborne condition that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. can be vertically transmitted to the fetus, resulting in adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about listeriosis in pregnancy and review the current management and treatment recommendations.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the clinical and relevant evidence available regarding listeriosis in pregnancy and educate providers on common clinical symptoms, sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A PubMed review was conducted using search terms "pregnancy" OR "Listeria" OR "Maternal Listeriosis," and "Neonatal Listeriosis." The search included review articles, original research articles, and guidelines on diagnosis and management of listeriosis in pregnancy. The search was limited to the English language and publications between 1988 and July 2018.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis in pregnancy can result in severe adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes including miscarriage, preterm labor, fetal death, and neonatal meningitis and sepsis. Early treatment has been shown to improve fetal and neonatal outcomes; therefore, prevention with education and early diagnosis prompting treatment will improve overall outcomes.
RELEVANCE
The incidence of listeriosis is expected to rise in the coming years due to changes in the US population, with increasing numbers of older Americans and Hispanic individuals, both of whom are at higher risk. Pregnant women contract listeriosis at a rate that is 16- to 18-fold greater than the general population. Given the expected increased rise in incidence and increased susceptibility of pregnant women, understanding the common clinical symptoms, maternal and fetal sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines is essential.
Topics: Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 31216045
DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000683 -
Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Aug 2009Listeria monocytogenes, a small, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive motile bacillus, is an important cause of foodborne illness which disproportionately affects... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes, a small, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive motile bacillus, is an important cause of foodborne illness which disproportionately affects pregnant women and their newborns. Listeria infects many types of animals and contaminates numerous foods including vegetables, milk, chicken and beef. This organism has a unique proclivity to infect the fetoplacental unit with the ability to invade cells, multiply intracellularly and be transmitted cell-to-cell. The organism possesses several virulence factors, including internalin A and internalin B, which facilitate the direct invasion of cells. Cell-to-cell transmission is promoted by the bacterial surface protein ActA which is regulated by a transcriptional activator known as positive regulatory factor A. Both innate and adaptive immune responses enable the host to eliminate this pathogen. Clinical manifestations of infection in the newborn fall into the traditional categories of early- and late-onset sepsis. Therapeutic recommendations include ampicillin and gentamicin for 14-21 days.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
PubMed: 19231307
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2009.01.006 -
Medicina Clinica Jun 2020The importance of listeriosis is not sufficiently recognised. The general incidence of infection has been stable in recent years, but with an upward trend in people over... (Review)
Review
The importance of listeriosis is not sufficiently recognised. The general incidence of infection has been stable in recent years, but with an upward trend in people over 65, also in mortality. Listeriosis is a foodborne disease that generally occurs in the form of sporadic cases; however, new molecular typing techniques have revealed the existence of epidemic outbreaks not previously suspected. The disease has a variable incubation period, which is related to the clinical presentation. Bacteraemia and neurolisteriosis are the predominant clinical forms, although at present, the main interest is focused on the management of focal infections and those associated with prosthetic devices. Listeriosis is a significant problem for the food industry, and many countries have introduced legislation to control the incidence of the disease.
Topics: Bacteremia; Disease Outbreaks; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis
PubMed: 32147188
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.02.001 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 1998Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and is part of the normal flora of the distal portion of the intestinal tract of numerous animal species. Listeriosis is... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and is part of the normal flora of the distal portion of the intestinal tract of numerous animal species. Listeriosis is an emerging food borne disease that is responsible for approximately 1,700 cases of human illness each year and 650 deaths. Listeria is the cause of three main disease entities in animals and humans: neural, visceral, and reproductive. Clinical signs associated with the three forms are discussed along with diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and control.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeriosis; Public Health; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 9532671
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30283-8 -
JAMA Mar 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Food Microbiology; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; North America; Pregnancy
PubMed: 2492614
DOI: No ID Found -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Aug 2022Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Compared with the general population, the risk of being diagnosed with listeriosis increases during pregnancy. Listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth, stillbirth and congenital neonatal infections.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a universal review of listeriosis in pregnancy and in the newborn.
SEARCH STRATEGY
The EMBASE, PubMed, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews indexed before 1 December 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Any systematic reviews evaluating the prevalence, treatment, diagnosis and effects of listeriosis during pregnancy and up to 4 weeks postnatally were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Eligibility assessment, data extraction and quality assessment by the Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) were performed in duplicate.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified 397 citations of which nine systematic reviews comprising 330 studies and 487 patients' reviews were included. Most systematic reviews (seven of nine) were of moderate to high quality. Prevention in pregnant women was based on adherence to strict dietary recommendations, such as reheating leftovers until steamed and avoiding unpasteurised dairy products. Listeriosis infections were likely to occur in the third trimester (66%) rather than in the first trimester (3%) of pregnancy. Symptoms are mostly fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue. Diagnosis was primarily made by culture of the pathogen. Intravenous amoxicillin or ampicillin were first-line treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis, a rare but serious infectious disease in pregnancy, can cause devastating consequences for the fetus and newborn. Appropriate preventative treatment should be initiated during early pregnancy to avoid complications.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared food. Prevention is the best way to avoid listeriosis during pregnancy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeriosis; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; Stillbirth; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34954888
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17073 -
Pediatrics in Review May 2004
Review
Topics: Female; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
PubMed: 15121906
DOI: 10.1542/pir.25-5-151 -
Lancet (London, England) Nov 1990
Review
Topics: Adult; Food Microbiology; Global Health; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Serotyping
PubMed: 1978036
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92778-g -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Mar 2022Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated...
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated listeriosis is available in China. This study aimed to reveal the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy-associated listeriosis cases and provide references for treating and managing this disease.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective study on maternal and neonatal patients with pregnancy-associated listeriosis. The clinical characteristics of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were studied, and the outcome determinants of neonatal listeriosis were explored.
RESULTS
14 cases of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were identified. The incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis in our hospital was 16.69/100,000 births. All of the 14 maternal patients eventually recovered after delivery shortly with no sequelae. None of the 12 mothers who delivered in this hospital received antepartum first-line empirical treatment. Among the 14 neonatal cases, 1 was late-onset listeriosis and 13 were early-onset cases; 11 survived and 3 died. Fatality rates were significantly higher in outborn neonates (P = 0.005). Besides, higher mortality rates were observed in neonates with lower birth weight (P = 0.038), gestational age < 28 weeks (P = 0.056), and Apgar score (5 min) < 5 (P = 0.056), with marginally significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis would bring disastrous effects to the neonatal cases, especially to the outborn, low birth weight, and low gestational age of neonates. Timely detection and treatment should be taken seriously for the key neonates. How to early detect L. monocytogenes infected cases, especially in the prenatal stage, remains a serious challenge.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35346105
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04613-2