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Le Infezioni in Medicina Sep 2017Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus and facultative intracellular bacterium whose transmission occurs mainly through the consumption of contaminated food.... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus and facultative intracellular bacterium whose transmission occurs mainly through the consumption of contaminated food. Listeriosis has an incidence estimated at around three-six cases per million per year and the most common forms of the infection are neurolisteriosis, bacteraemia, and maternal-neonatal infection. Those affected by listeriosis are at the extremes age of the life or report specific risk factors, such as malignancies, causing a defect of cellular immunity. Patients with L. monocytogenes meningitis present with signs and symptoms similar to those reported in the general population with community-acquired bacterial meningitis, but can experience a longer prodromal phase. Instead, patients with bacteraemia present generally with a febrile illness without focal symptoms, or with influenza-like symptoms and diarrhoea. These aspecific findings make the diagnosis difficult in the population of patients at the highest risk such as cirrhotics or those receiving chemotherapy. Mortality rate is estimated around 20% with a significant increase among those reporting a delay in diagnosis and treatment and in those with severe comorbidity. A number of antibiotics have been demonstrated to be active against L. monocytogenes, but penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin are those used with the highest frequency and suggested by current guidelines and expert opinions. These antibiotics bind to PBP-3 with high affinity and are stored in the cytosol when taken up by cells. Although amoxicillin appears to have a better activity than ampicillin on the basis of in vitro studies, ampicillin is currently the drug of choice for the treatment of listeriosis. Cotrimoxazole could be administered as an alternative treatment; its use is associated with a favourable outcome probably due to the favourable penetration with brain. Quinolones have an excellent tissue and cell penetration and are rapidly bactericidal, but their clinical activity is not as high as we can predict on the basis of experimental model. Linezolid offers a number of advantages in the empiric treatment of meningitis due to its favourable penetration of CSF and the absence of bacteriolytic effect on S. pneumoniae as confirmed by a number of case-series highlighting its use as rescue therapy of pneumococcal meningitis, but data are currently limited particularly if we consider neurolisteriosis. Combination therapies have been proposed to enhance the activity of penicillins against Listeria in an attempt to achieve complete killing and decrease mortality. Steroids use is ineffective.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Contraindications, Drug; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meningitis, Listeria; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28956537
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... 2018Listeriosis is an uncommon but potentially serious infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The main route of transmission is through the consumption of contaminated... (Review)
Review
Listeriosis is an uncommon but potentially serious infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The main route of transmission is through the consumption of contaminated food. It generally affects elderly people, pregnant women and immunosuppressed hosts, although cases are also seen in immunocompetent adults and children. Listeria monocytogenes is a short, anaerobic, non-spore-forming gram-positive bacillus that causes a narrow zone of hemolysis in blood agar. It is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and therefore it shows a complex pathogenesis. This bacterium has the ability to cross the intestinal barrier, the placenta and the blood-brain barrier producing gastroenteritis, maternal-fetal infections and meningoencephalitis. It is most commonly diagnosed from a positive culture of a sterile site. The treatment of choice includes the use of intravenous ampicillin alone or in combination with gentamicin.
Topics: Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
PubMed: 31095185
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182018000600649 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Aug 2022Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Compared with the general population, the risk of being diagnosed with listeriosis increases during pregnancy. Listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth, stillbirth and congenital neonatal infections.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a universal review of listeriosis in pregnancy and in the newborn.
SEARCH STRATEGY
The EMBASE, PubMed, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews indexed before 1 December 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Any systematic reviews evaluating the prevalence, treatment, diagnosis and effects of listeriosis during pregnancy and up to 4 weeks postnatally were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Eligibility assessment, data extraction and quality assessment by the Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) were performed in duplicate.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified 397 citations of which nine systematic reviews comprising 330 studies and 487 patients' reviews were included. Most systematic reviews (seven of nine) were of moderate to high quality. Prevention in pregnant women was based on adherence to strict dietary recommendations, such as reheating leftovers until steamed and avoiding unpasteurised dairy products. Listeriosis infections were likely to occur in the third trimester (66%) rather than in the first trimester (3%) of pregnancy. Symptoms are mostly fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue. Diagnosis was primarily made by culture of the pathogen. Intravenous amoxicillin or ampicillin were first-line treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis, a rare but serious infectious disease in pregnancy, can cause devastating consequences for the fetus and newborn. Appropriate preventative treatment should be initiated during early pregnancy to avoid complications.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared food. Prevention is the best way to avoid listeriosis during pregnancy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeriosis; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; Stillbirth; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34954888
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17073 -
Biosensors Feb 2023(L.M.) is a gram-positive bacillus with wide distribution in the environment. This bacterium contaminates water sources and food products and can be transmitted to the... (Review)
Review
(L.M.) is a gram-positive bacillus with wide distribution in the environment. This bacterium contaminates water sources and food products and can be transmitted to the human population. The infection caused by L.M. is called listeriosis and is common in pregnant women, immune-deficient patients, and older adults. Based on the released statistics, listeriosis has a high rate of hospitalization and mortality; thus, rapid and timely detection of food contamination and listeriosis cases is necessary. During the last few decades, biosensors have been used for the detection and monitoring of varied bacteria species. These devices are detection platforms with great sensitivity and low detection limits. Among different types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensors have a high capability to circumvent several drawbacks associated with the application of conventional laboratory techniques. In this review article, different electrochemical biosensor types used for the detection of listeriosis were discussed in terms of actuators, bioreceptors, specific working electrodes, and signal amplification. We hope that this review will facilitate researchers to access a complete and comprehensive template for pathogen detection based on the different formats of electrochemical biosensors.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Aged; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Food Contamination; Biosensing Techniques; Electrodes; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 36831982
DOI: 10.3390/bios13020216 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jan 2022Listeriosis is caused by the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. It can present as a maternal-neonatal infection. We implemented a nationwide prospective cohort...
BACKGROUND
Listeriosis is caused by the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. It can present as a maternal-neonatal infection. We implemented a nationwide prospective cohort and analyzed the features of neonatal listeriosis.
METHODS
We studied all neonates born alive from mothers with microbiologically proven maternal-neonatal listeriosis enrolled from November 2009 to December 2017. We analyzed presentation, neonatal outcome at discharge, and predictors of severe presentation and outcome.
RESULTS
We studied 189 infants; 133 of 189 (70%) had abnormal clinical status at birth, including acute respiratory distress in 106 of 189 (56%). There were 132 of 189 (70%) infants who developed early-onset listeriosis and 12 of 189 (6%) who developed late-onset listeriosis; all presented with acute meningitis. There were 17 of 189 (9%) infants who had major adverse outcomes: 3%, (5 of 189) death; 6% (12 of 189), severe brain injury; and 2% (3 of 189), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fifteen of 17 infants were born <34 weeks of gestation (P < .0001 vs infants born ≥34 weeks of gestation). Maternal antimicrobial treatment ≥1 day before delivery was associated with a significant decrease in presentation severity for the infant, resulting in significantly fewer inotropic drugs, fluid resuscitation, and mechanical ventilation requirement (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.51; P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Antenatal maternal antimicrobial treatment is associated with reduced neonatal listeriosis severity, justifying the prescription of preemptive maternal antimicrobial therapy when maternal-fetal listeriosis is suspected. Neonatal outcome is better than reported earlier, and its major determinant is gestational age at birth.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT01520597.
Topics: Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33876229
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab337 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2023Two 3-week-old goat kids from a herd of ~50 to 60 goats were examined by a veterinarian. The goats were in lateral recumbency with an inability to rise. Unilateral...
Two 3-week-old goat kids from a herd of ~50 to 60 goats were examined by a veterinarian. The goats were in lateral recumbency with an inability to rise. Unilateral cranial nerve deficiencies included cervical rotation, nystagmus, ptosis, facial paralysis, and absence of palpebral reflex. One of the 2 kids had a fever. The kids died and necropsy examinations were performed. Histopathology findings were highly suggestive of infection, which was confirmed by bacterial culture. This case suggests that listeriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for goats with neurological signs even if they are not fed silage or haylage and are kept in a clean barn.
Topics: Animals; Goats; Listeriosis; Fever; Goat Diseases
PubMed: 37265813
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of the Medical... Oct 2023End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a known immunocompromising status that predisposes patients to developing infections. Disease from Listeria monocytogenes may affect...
BACKGROUND
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a known immunocompromising status that predisposes patients to developing infections. Disease from Listeria monocytogenes may affect any host but tends to be more severe in the immunocompromised.
METHODS
We used a large population of patients with ESRD to identify risk factors for listeriosis and mortality. Patients with a diagnosis of Listeria and other risk factors for listeriosis were identified using claims data from the United States Renal Data System database from 2004-2015. Demographic parameters and risk factors associated with Listeria were modeled using logistic regression while association with mortality was assessed with Cox Proportional Hazards modeling.
RESULTS
A diagnosis of Listeria was identified in 291 (0.01%) of a total 1,071,712 patients with ESRD. Cardiovascular disease, connective tissue disease, upper gastrointestinal ulcerative disease, liver disease, diabetes, cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus were all associated with an increased risk of Listeria. Patients with Listeria had an increased risk of death relative to patients without Listeria (adjusted hazard ratio=1.79; 95% confidence interval 1.52-2.10).
CONCLUSIONS
Incidence of listeriosis in our study population was over 7 times higher than what has been reported for the general population. The independent association of a Listeria diagnosis with increased mortality is also consistent with the disease's high mortality in the general population. Due to limitations with diagnosis, providers should maintain high clinical suspicion for listeriosis when patients with ESRD present with a compatible clinical syndrome. Further prospective study may help precisely quantify the increased risk of listeriosis in patients with ESRD.
Topics: Humans; United States; Prospective Studies; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37331513
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.06.012 -
The Journal of Infection Mar 2017To define the clinical features and outcomes of neonatal listeriosis, and identify the maternal risk factors to seek scope for improvement.
OBJECTIVE
To define the clinical features and outcomes of neonatal listeriosis, and identify the maternal risk factors to seek scope for improvement.
METHODS
Neonatal listeriosis was identified prospectively from a United Kingdom neonatal infection surveillance network (neonIN) between 2004 and 2014. The participating neonatal units completed a study-specific proforma.
RESULTS
The incidence of neonatal listeriosis was 3.4 per 100,000 live births. Of the 21 cases identified, 19 were confirmed with a median gestational age of 33 weeks and a median birth weight of 1960 g. The majority had clinical features (95%, 18/19), presented within the first 24 h (95%, 18/19), and received penicillin empirically (94%, 18/19). The neonatal case-fatality rate was 21% (24% if probable cases were included). A proportion of mothers were investigated (60%, 12/18) and diagnosed with listeriosis (58%, 7/12); 32% (6/19) were treated with antibiotics but only 33% (6/12) included penicillin.
DISCUSSION
Despite its rarity and the prompt and appropriate use of antibiotics neonatal listeriosis has a high case-fatality rate. There is room for improvement in the adherence to the empiric antibiotic choice for puerperal sepsis, according to the national guidelines as this, would target listeriosis. Strategies should be in place to prevent pregnancy-associated listeriosis in higher risk population.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Listeriosis; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis; United Kingdom; Young Adult
PubMed: 27867063
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.11.007 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2017The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes resides originally in the environment. Infections of the eye have been induced experimentally; for example, in rabbits and guinea... (Review)
Review
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes resides originally in the environment. Infections of the eye have been induced experimentally; for example, in rabbits and guinea pigs. Natural ocular infections occur in various animals; in most instances, they are induced exogenously; for example, by contaminated silage affecting primarily the conjunctiva, cornea, or the anterior chamber. Sporadic infections as well as outbreaks have been described. In humans, besides exogenous infections, endogenous infections also occur, inducing mainly endophthalmitis. Since an exact diagnosis of the causative agent is often delayed, specific therapy starts too late, so that the outcome is often poor. The antibiotics of primary choice would be ampicillin or a quinolone such as moxifloxacin or levofloxacin. The role of fosfomycin for therapy of ocular infections is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Levofloxacin; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Moxifloxacin
PubMed: 27791252
DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000884 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Nov 2022is a relatively rare but highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne infections. In the United States there are ∼1600 cases per year, 94% of which result in... (Review)
Review
is a relatively rare but highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne infections. In the United States there are ∼1600 cases per year, 94% of which result in hospitalizations and 20% in deaths. Per-case burden is high because the disease also causes serious complications, including sepsis, encephalitis, meningitis, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The disease burden of is underestimated because some of these acute complications can also result in long-term outcomes. In this article, we conducted a scoping review of complications and longer term outcomes from articles published between 2000 and 2018. Search terms were developed for four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) as well as gray literature and hand searches of review articles. We follow standard scoping review methodology and assessment. Out of 10,618 unique articles originally identified, 115 articles were included, representing 49 unique outcomes. The majority of studies were cohort designs ( = 67) and conducted in the United States or Europe ( = 98). Four major outcome groupings were death, neurological disorders, sepsis, and congenital infection. This study identifies substantial research on the common acute complications of and few long-term consequences of . We identify the need for additional studies to determine the longer term impacts of these acute complications.
Topics: Humans; United States; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Sepsis; Europe
PubMed: 36367547
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0012