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Microbial Ecology Nov 2023Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeria; Virulence; Food Microbiology; Listeriosis; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37479828
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02269-9 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health May 2023Relatively few studies have focused on mortality risk factors for listeriosis in the literature. Information on the mortality of populations with listeriosis is needed.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Relatively few studies have focused on mortality risk factors for listeriosis in the literature. Information on the mortality of populations with listeriosis is needed. We aimed to explore the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis in this meta-analysis.
METHODS
The studies were considered eligible for inclusion only if they directly compared the mortality risk factors for listeriosis between dead patients and surviving patients. The mortality risk factors included clinical predisposing factors and predisposing comorbidities.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in this study. There were 12,265 listeriosis patients, including 2863 (23.3%) dead patients. The meta-analysis provided evidence that the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis were as follows: 1. Clinical predisposing factors included age ≥ 60 years, primary bacteremia and central nervous system involvement; 2. Predisposing comorbidities included non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease. In addition, autoimmune disease comorbidity had a protective effect against listeriosis.
CONCLUSION
The presence of older patients, primary bacteremia, central nervous system involvement, non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease should alert physicians to the higher risk of mortality.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Listeria monocytogenes; Alcoholism; Listeriosis; Risk Factors; Bacteremia; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36958172
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.013 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2022Listeria monocytogenes can cause gastrointestinal infections in healthy children and adults, but they tend to be mild and self-limiting. It can, however, cause serious...
Listeria monocytogenes can cause gastrointestinal infections in healthy children and adults, but they tend to be mild and self-limiting. It can, however, cause serious potentially lethal infections, such as meningitis and bacteremia, to those with underlying conditions. A woman in her 60s with liver cirrhosis developed abdominal pain and a fever, and she turned out to have a perianal abscess caused by L. monocytogenes. Perianal abscess is a rare complication of L. monocytogenes, but a recent epidemiological study revealed that the presence of cirrhosis might also be a risk factor for the development of invasive disease.
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Bacteremia; Child; Female; Fever; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meningitis, Listeria
PubMed: 34393168
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7755-21 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Oct 2017Listeria monocytogenes infections are caused by food ingestion. They are not only transmitted by animal products, but also by secondarily contaminated fruits and...
Listeria monocytogenes infections are caused by food ingestion. They are not only transmitted by animal products, but also by secondarily contaminated fruits and vegetables. They preferentially affect pregnant women, patients of extreme ages and the immu-nocompromised, and manifest as a gastroenteritis, bacteremia, meningo-encephalitis or maternal-fetal infection. Diagnosis is achieved by culture of usually sterile sites. The preferred treatment is amoxicillin with or without gentamicin. For patients at risk, prevention is based on avoiding at-risk food or cooking it when possible.
Topics: Animals; Female; Food Contamination; Fruit; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vegetables
PubMed: 29022659
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbes and Infection Dec 2016ISOPOL - for "International Symposium on Problems of Listeria and Listeriosis" - meetings gather every three years since 1957 participants from all over the world and...
ISOPOL - for "International Symposium on Problems of Listeria and Listeriosis" - meetings gather every three years since 1957 participants from all over the world and allow exchange and update on a wide array of topics concerning Listeria and listeriosis, ranging from epidemiology, diagnostic and typing methods, to genomics, post-genomics, fundamental microbiology, cell biology and pathogenesis. The XIXth ISOPOL meeting took place in Paris from June 14th to 17th, 2016 at Institut Pasteur. We provide here a report of the talks that were given during the meeting, which represents an up-to-date overview of ongoing research on this important pathogen and biological model.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Disease Models, Animal; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria; Listeriosis
PubMed: 27876526
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.009 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Nov 2020Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known pathogen responsible for the severe foodborne disease listeriosis. The control of L. monocytogenes occurrence in seafood products... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known pathogen responsible for the severe foodborne disease listeriosis. The control of L. monocytogenes occurrence in seafood products and seafood processing environments is an important challenge for the seafood industry and the public health sector. However, bacteriophage biocontrol shows great potential to be used as safety control measure in seafood. This review provides an update on Listeria-specific bacteriophages, focusing on their application as a safe and natural strategy to prevent L. monocytogenes contamination and growth in seafood products and seafood processing environments. Furthermore, the main properties required from bacteriophages intended to be used as biocontrol tools are summarized and emerging strategies to overcome the current limitations are considered. Also, major aspects relevant for bacteriophage production at industrial scale, their access to the market, as well as the current regulatory status of bacteriophage-based solutions for Listeria biocontrol are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriophages; Disease Outbreaks; Food Contamination; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Seafood
PubMed: 32805341
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111682 -
International Journal of Infectious... Mar 2021To determine serogroups, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and analyze clinical characteristics of these clones focusing on...
OBJECTIVE
To determine serogroups, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and analyze clinical characteristics of these clones focusing on non-perinatal cases.
METHODS
From 2000 to 2015, we analyzed 123 human listeriosis cases at a medical center in northern Taiwan using PCR serogrouping, MLST, and clinical presentations.
RESULTS
The annual incidence of listeriosis increased since 2005 with a peak in 2008 (0.2 per 1000 admission) and decreased thereafter. Of the 115 non-perinatal listeriosis cases, we found a male predominance (60%) with an average age of 63.9 years old (standard deviation: 15.3 years), and almost all patients had underlying conditions including malignancies (61.7%), steroid usage (39.1%), diabetes mellitus (31.3%), renal insufficiency (27.8%), and liver cirrhosis (17.4%). Clinical presentations included bacteremia (74.8%), neurolisteriosis (20.0%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (5.2%). The most frequently identified serogroup-sequence types (ST) were IIB-ST87 (30.9%), followed by IIA-ST378 (16.3%) and IIA-ST155 (14.6%). The 30-day all-cause mortality of non-perinatal listeriosis was 25.2% and was associated with age (Hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% C.I. = 1.01-1.07, p = 0.021), steroid usage (Hazard ratio: 2.54, 95% C.I. = 1.06-6.11, p = 0.038) and respiratory distress at presentation (Hazard ratio: 2.59, 95% C.I. = 1.05-6.39, p = 0.038); while no association was found with serogroups (IIA, IIB, and IVB) or three major ST types by multivariable analysis. All 8 mothers of perinatal listeriosis patients survived and three neonates died (mortality, 37.5%), and IIB-ST87 was the major type (62.5%).
CONCLUSION
Predominant strains in Taiwan could cause significant morbidity and mortality. Further disease monitoring and source surveillance are warranted despite a declining trend of human listeriosis in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Female; Humans; Incidence; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Epidemiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Taiwan
PubMed: 33515776
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.056 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Jul 2018Listeriosis is a foodborne disease with a high fatality rate, and infection is mostly transmitted through ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with Listeria... (Review)
Review
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease with a high fatality rate, and infection is mostly transmitted through ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, such as gravad/smoked fish, soft cheeses, and sliced processed delicatessen (deli) meat. Food products/dishes stored in vacuum or in modified atmospheres and with extended refrigerator shelf lives provide an opportunity for L. monocytogenes to multiply to large numbers toward the end of the shelf life. Elderly, pregnant women, neonates, and immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to L. monocytogenes. Listeriosis in humans manifests primarily as septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, gastrointestinal infection, and abortion. In the mid 1990s and early 2000s a shift from L. monocytogenes serovar 4b to serovar 1/2a causing human listeriosis occurred, and serovar 1/2a is becoming more frequently linked to outbreaks of listeriosis, particularly in Europe and Northern America. Consumer lifestyle has changed, and less time is available for food preparation. Modern lifestyle has markedly changed eating habits worldwide, with a consequent increased demand for RTE foods; therefore, more RTE and take away foods are consumed. There is a concern that many Listeria outbreaks are reported from hospitals. Therefore, it is vitally important that foods (especially cooked and chilled) delivered to hospitals and residential homes for senior citizens and elderly people are reheated to at least 72°C: cold food, such as turkey deli meat and cold-smoked and gravad salmon should be free from L. monocytogenes. Several countries have zero tolerance for RTE foods that support the growth of Listeria.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Fast Foods; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Serogroup
PubMed: 29958028
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2419 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2022is a bacterium that can cause disease in many species, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. Increased interactions via shared habitats may promote pathogen...
is a bacterium that can cause disease in many species, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. Increased interactions via shared habitats may promote pathogen transmission among these groups. Our objectives were to evaluate the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study diagnostic data to characterize and compare -induced lesions and comorbidities in gray foxes and wild turkeys, and to describe cases of listeriosis in 2 cervids. From 1991-2020, 8 gray foxes, 8 wild turkeys, a neonatal elk, and a white-tailed deer fawn from several eastern states in the United States were diagnosed with listeriosis. All 8 foxes had hepatitis and/or hepatic necrosis with intralesional gram-positive bacilli, and concurrent canine distemper virus (CDV) infection; 2 of the foxes had been vaccinated recently for CDV. was cultured from the liver (6 of 8) or lung (2 of 8) of foxes. Lesions in wild turkeys included hepatocellular necrosis (3 of 8), heterophilic hepatitis (1 of 8), heterophilic granulomas (1 of 8), intrasinusoidal gram-positive bacilli without hepatic lesions (1 of 8), granulomatous dermatitis (1 of 8), and/or granulomatous myocarditis (2 of 8). Lymphoproliferative disease viral DNA was detected in 5 of 6 turkeys tested; reticuloendotheliosis viral DNA was detected in 2 of 3 turkeys tested. Both cervids had systemic listeriosis, with isolated from liver. Immunohistochemistry for spp. on select cases revealed immunolabeling in affected organs. Listeriosis was thus established as a cause of morbidity and mortality in 3 wildlife species, which often suffered from concurrent infections and likely immunosuppression.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Coinfection; DNA, Viral; Deer; Distemper; Distemper Virus, Canine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Foxes; Listeriosis; Necrosis; Southeastern United States; Turkeys; United States
PubMed: 35686438
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221104830 -
Journal of Perinatology : Official... Jan 2018To compare the symptomatology of pregnant women with suspected listeriosis to culture confirmed listeriosis.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the symptomatology of pregnant women with suspected listeriosis to culture confirmed listeriosis.
STUDY DESIGN
All cases of suspected and culture confirmed pregnancy-associated listeriosis from a single center were retrospectively reviewed assessing demographics, clinical, laboratory and pathological findings, and maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes.
RESULTS
Listeriosis was identified in seven patients, none of whom belonged to the 117 women with suspected listeriosis. Women with confirmed infection were more likely to exhibit fever (P=0.01), flu-like symptoms (P=0.006), threatened preterm labor (P=0.05) and inflammatory markers (P=0.02), but less likely to exhibit gastrointestinal complaints (P=0.004) in comparison with suspected non-confirmed cases. Confirmed cases resulted in preterm delivery (n=5) and stillbirth (n=2). Neonatal complications included meningitis, respiratory disease and sepsis. Maternal outcomes were favorable.
CONCLUSION
Although 'febrile gastroenteritis' is a poor predictor of listeriosis in pregnancy, fever, premature contractions and inflammatory markers are important risk indices prompting workup and adequate empiric treatment.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fetal Death; Fever; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Israel; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Young Adult
PubMed: 29022924
DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.145