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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2020Gastrointestinal diseases are very common problems; available treatments are very limited and come with a range of side effects. Coumarins are an extensive class of...
Gastrointestinal diseases are very common problems; available treatments are very limited and come with a range of side effects. Coumarins are an extensive class of phenolic compounds that can be found in plants, fungi and bacteria. The 7-hydroxycoumarin, also known as umbelliferone (UMB), is a compound that comes from coumarin and has been showing biological activities in other studies. As of this scenario, the present study was designed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity, mutagenic, antidiarrheal, anti-bacterial, and antiulcerogenic effects, and antioxidant capacity of UMB. An investigation was conducted through the hippocratic screening method and through histopathological analysis in animals to evaluate the effects of acute oral administration of a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of UMB. A micronucleus test on peripheral blood of Swiss mice, which were orally treated with three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), was conducted to evaluate mutagenic activities. The antiulcerogenic activity was accomplished through the ethanol-induced damage method. Antidiarrheal activities were tested for inducing diarrhea with castor oil and evaluating intestinal transit duration; additionally, the antimicrobial effect against some enteropathogenic bacteria was analyzed. Finally, the antioxidant capability was determined by the capacity of the UMB sample to kidnap the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Of the evaluated doses, signs of toxicity after acute administration of the compound were not observed. UMB presented antiulcerogenic activity (100 and 200 mg/kg), which was explained because of its antioxidant capacity. A gastro protective effect was similar to the positive control, and the UMB was able to significantly reduce intestinal transit, and also diarrheal symptoms. Furthermore, UMB had an anti-bacterial effect with minimum inhibitory concentration fluctuating between 62.5 and 1000 μg/mL. Based on these findings, we can suggest that UMB has important biological activities in vivo and in vitro and is not toxic under the evaluated circumstances, which demonstrates its large potential for pharmacological use.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antidiarrheals; Bacteria; Castor Oil; Defecation; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Gastrointestinal Motility; Male; Mice; Stomach; Stomach Ulcer; Umbelliferones
PubMed: 32768935
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110432 -
Journal of Ophthalmology 2017. -Oryzanol works by anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging activity as a neuroprotective, anticancer, antiulcer, and immunosuppressive agent. The present study was...
. -Oryzanol works by anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging activity as a neuroprotective, anticancer, antiulcer, and immunosuppressive agent. The present study was conducted to investigate effect of oryzanol in acute and chronic experimental glaucoma in rabbits. . Effect of oryzanol was evaluated in 5% dextrose induced acute model of ocular hypertension in rabbit eye. Chronic model of glaucoma was induced with subconjunctival injection of 5% of 0.3 ml phenol. Treatment with oryzanol was given for next two weeks after induction of glaucoma. From anterior chamber of rabbit eye aqueous humor was collected to assess various oxidative stress parameters like malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, nitric oxide, and inflammatory parameters like TNF- and IL-6. Structural damage in eye was examined by histopathological studies. . In acute model of ocular hypertension oryzanol did not alter raised intraocular pressure. In chronic model of glaucoma oryzanol exhibited significant reduction in oxidative stress followed by reduction in intraocular pressure. Oryzanol treatment reduced level of TNF- and IL-6. Histopathological studies revealed decreased structural damage of trabecular meshwork, lamina cribrosa, and retina with oryzanol treatment. . Oryzanol showed protective effect against glaucoma by its antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory property. Treatment with oryzanol can reduce optic nerve damage.
PubMed: 28168044
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1468716 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2022Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have unique properties and display an important role in bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer. Stable...
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have unique properties and display an important role in bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer. Stable Ag NPs were prepared by reaction of silver nitrate solution with extract of Melissa and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, AFM, SEM, XRD, and Zeta potential. The resulted Ag NPs have a size range between 20 and 35 nm. The current study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of Ag NPs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed 175 and 350 ppm/p.o of Ag NPs orally. Ag NPs improved the adversative influence of ethanol-induced stomach damage as confirmed by declining ulcer index and raised the percentage of ulcer prevention. Significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions were evidenced by increased mucus secretion and pH of stomach content, decreased ulcer area, nonappearance of edema, and leucocyte penetration of the subcutaneous layer. In gastric homogenate, Ag NPs displayed a substantial upsurge in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels., Ag NPs increased the intensity of periodic acid Schiff stained (PAS) and produced over-regulation of HSP-70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. Ag NPs confirmed gastro-protection which might be attributed to its antioxidant effect, increased mucus secretion, increased SOD, and CAT, reduced MDA level, over-regulation of HSP-70 protein, and down-regulation of Bax protein.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antioxidants; Ethanol; Gastric Mucosa; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Metal Nanoparticles; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Silver; Stomach Ulcer; Superoxide Dismutase; Ulcer
PubMed: 35994814
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113550 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Sep 2022Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with reduced gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease incidence and mortality. Factors influencing patients' experiences...
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with reduced gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease incidence and mortality. Factors influencing patients' experiences surrounding H. pylori diagnosis and management are not well-described. Current patient perceptions can influence adherence to treatment, and also their anxieties related to this potentially carcinogenic condition. The objective of this study was to understand the patient experience surrounding H. pylori management and to qualitatively construct a contextual framework to inform and guide providers who manage patients with H. pylori infection.
METHODS
We conducted a qualitative analysis using a focus group and one-on-one telephone interviews. An iterative inductive/deductive approach was applied to recorded transcripts to identify and hierarchically order themes. Patient experience was defined according to major themes within a structured health behavior framework.
RESULTS
Theme saturation was achieved with thirteen participants (mean age 50.4 years; 62% female; 38% non-Hispanic white). Qualitative analysis yielded a total of 987 codes that resulted in five major themes related to the patient H. pylori experience: context of decision-making; health beliefs; barriers experienced; cues to action; and impact of new knowledge. These themes aligned with the Health Behavior Model framework. Participants were motivated to treat H. pylori. However, the experience was more often perceived negatively versus positively. The perceived patient-provider interaction contributed most prominently to the negative experience compared to other patient experiences, including treatment-related side effects. Internal cues, including symptoms and fear of cancer, modified participants' perceptions and motivation to accept treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Patient experiences related to H. pylori management are predominantly negative. Increasing providers' awareness about patients' values, beliefs, anxieties, and expectations surrounding H. pylori diagnosis/treatment may improve provider-patient communication and, ideally, related outcomes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 35034240
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07320-8 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022One of the most severe human health problems is gastric ulceration. The main aim of our study is to explore the gastroprotective effect of the seeds extract (PGE)....
One of the most severe human health problems is gastric ulceration. The main aim of our study is to explore the gastroprotective effect of the seeds extract (PGE). Metabolic profiling based on LC-HRMS for the extract led to the dereplication of 23 compounds (-). We carried out a gastric ulcer model induced by indomethacin in male albino rats in vivo and the extract of PGE was investigated at a dose of 300 mg/kg in comparison to cimetidine (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, the assessment of gastric mucosal lesions and histopathology investigation of gastric tissue was done. It has been proved that seeds significantly decreased the ulcer index and protected the mucosa from lesions. The antiulcer effect of seed extract, which has the power of reducing the ensuing inflammatory reactions, can counteract the inflammation induced by indomethacin by the downregulation of relative genes expression (, , and ). Moreover, PGE significantly downregulated the increased , , and relative genes expression, confirming its beneficial effect in ulcer healing. Moreover, the possible PGE antioxidant potential was determined by in vitro assays using hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical scavenging and revealed high antioxidant potential. Additionally, on the putatively annotated metabolites, an in silico study was conducted, which emphasized the extract's antiulcer properties might be attributed to several sterols such as stigmasterol and campesterol. The present study provided evidence of seeds considered as a potential natural gastroprotective agent.
PubMed: 35883720
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071230 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2021This study investigated the gastroprotective effects and possible mechanism of Kangfuxin (KFX), an ethanol extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae),...
This study investigated the gastroprotective effects and possible mechanism of Kangfuxin (KFX), an ethanol extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae), on improving healing quality and preventing recurrence of gastric ulcer. The effects of KFX were investigated in patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), gastric ulcer animal model, and rat gastric mucosal cells and fibroblasts. Moreover, the relationship between KFX and p38/NF-κB pathway were explored both in vivo and in vitro. In patients, KFX exhibited protective effects against gastric ulcers and resulted in a decrease in the CD3 expression. In vivo animal experiments confirmed that KFX accelerated ulcer healing by promoting neovascularization (increased CD34 expression), suppressing inflammation (decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and IL-8 expression), and enhancing growth factor expression, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment with 10% KFX rat serum decreased IL-1β, IL-1Ra, SIL-1RAP, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 expression in rat gastric mucosal cells or fibroblasts and increased IL-1R expression compared to that in the group treatment with 10% normal rat serum. Furthermore, KFX inhibited the activation of p38/NF-κB pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, KFX treatment could effectively improve healing quality and prevent gastric ulcer recurrence, which might be attributed to neovascularization, suppressed inflammation, and enhanced growth factor expression. The p38/NF-κB pathway may be one of important mechanism to mediate the effects of KFX.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Male; Materia Medica; Rats; Recurrence; Stomach Ulcer; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33761454
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111513 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2021Irritant contact stomatitis (ICS) and contact hypersensitivity stomatitis (CHS) are often caused by alcohol, flavoring agents and additives in dentifrices and foods, and...
BACKGROUND
Irritant contact stomatitis (ICS) and contact hypersensitivity stomatitis (CHS) are often caused by alcohol, flavoring agents and additives in dentifrices and foods, and contactants with high or low pH. A well-recognized contactant for ICS is Listerine™ mouthwash, while that for CHS is cinnamic aldehyde. However, many other flavoring agents and even smokeless tobacco are contactants that cause mucosal lesions that are entirely reversible. The objective of this study is to 1) present cases of ICS and CHS with a clear history of a contactant at the site and the histopathologic features of the resulting lesion and 2) define the histopathologic features that characterize such lesions.
METHODS
12 cases of ICS and CHS with known contactants that exhibited distinct histopathologic patterns were identified.
RESULTS
ICS are characterized by three patterns in increasing order of severity namely: 1) superficial desquamation, 2) superficial keratinocyte edema, and 3) keratinocyte coagulative necrosis with/out spongiosis and microabscesses. CHS is characterized by two patterns namely plasma cell stomatitis with an intense plasma cell infiltrate and a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with or without non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Three patterns of the latter are recognized: (1) lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the interface with well-formed or loosely aggregated non-necrotizing granulomas; (2) lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the interface with peri- and para-vascular lymphohistiocytic nodules; and (3) lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the interface with peri- and para-vascular lymphohistiocytic nodules containing non-necrotizing granulomas. The same contactant may elicit ICS and CHS, while one histopathologic pattern may be brought on by various contactants.
CONCLUSION
ICS and CHS have distinct histologic patterns. Recognizing that these patterns are caused by contactants would help clinicians manage such mucosal lesions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Chewing Gum; Female; Humans; Keratinocytes; Lymphocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Necrosis; Stomatitis; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 33904012
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01330-8 -
BioMed Research International 2023This study is aimed at establishing phenolic compound profile and assessing the possible antiulcer activities of aqueous extracts of some staple plant foods from the...
AIM
This study is aimed at establishing phenolic compound profile and assessing the possible antiulcer activities of aqueous extracts of some staple plant foods from the West and North-West regions of Cameroon against chronic gastric ulcer models in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Phenolic constituents of extracts were evaluated using HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extracts of , , , , "nkui" spices, and "yellow soup" spices were tested at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). After treatments, animals were sacrificed, healing percentage and antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was realized.
RESULTS
HPLC-DAD revealed that p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids were the phenolic compound present in all extracts. Oral administration of extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer surface value and significantly increased mucus production compared to the control groups ( < 0.05). Histological study supported the observed healing activity of different extracts characterized by a reduced inflammatory response. Moreover, administration of aqueous extracts increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that aqueous extracts of , , , , "yellow soup" spices, and "nkui" spices possess healing antiulcer effects against models of gastric ulcers. The antiulcer mechanisms involved may include increase of gastric mucus production and improvement of the antioxidant activity of gastric tissue. These activities may be due to the phenolic compounds identified in the extracts, especially p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids present in all extracts and with known antioxidant, cytoprotective, and healing properties. However, all the diets may promote the healing process of chronic ulcers caused by excessive alcohol consumption/stress.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Stomach Ulcer; Plant Extracts; Phytotherapy; Antioxidants; Cameroon; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Rats, Wistar; Phenols; Gastric Mucosa
PubMed: 36654868
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2657278 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is implicated in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, pyridazine derivatives have emerged as a novel prototype to develop...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is implicated in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, pyridazine derivatives have emerged as a novel prototype to develop COX-2 inhibitors. Accordingly, some pyridazine-based COX-2 inhibitors are reported herein. The reaction of aldehyde and different hydrazines yielded the corresponding hydrazones. The hydrazones were further derivatized to the title compounds, which were assessed for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory action, gastric ulcerogenic effects, and lipid peroxidation properties. Molecular docking studies and determination of the physicochemical parameters were also carried out. The allocated structures of the reported compounds were coherent with their spectroscopic data. The compounds (IC = 15.50 nM, 114.77%), (IC = 17.50 nM, 101.65%), (IC = 17.10 nM, 104.03%), (IC = 16.90 nM, 105.26%), and (IC = 17.70 nM, 100.5%) displayed better COX-2 inhibition than celecoxib (IC = 17.79 nM, 100%). These outcomes were harmonious with the molecular docking studies of , , , , and . These compounds also displayed comparable onset and the duration of action concerning celecoxib and indomethacin in the in vivo studies. No ulcerogenic effects were observed for and , whereas , , and showed an insignificant ulcerogenic effect compared to celecoxib. The compounds , , , , and displayed a better lipid peroxidation profile than celecoxib and indomethacin. The compounds (%ABS = 84.09), (%ABS = 84.09), (%ABS = 66.87), (%ABS = 75.02), and (%ABS = 81.42) also displayed appreciable calculated absorption compared to celecoxib (%ABS = 82.09). The compounds , , , , and have been recognized and postulated as non-ulcerogenic COX-2 inhibitors with promising physicochemical parameters and gastric safety profile. These compounds may be useful candidates to combat diseases caused by higher levels of COX-2.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; Hydrogen Bonding; Lipid Peroxidation; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Pyridazines; Spectrum Analysis; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 32344801
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092002 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Mar 2022Gastric ulcer is one of the prevalent diseases in racehorses. However, it has not been recognized as important in Korea, and drugs used to treat gastric ulcers are...
BACKGROUND
Gastric ulcer is one of the prevalent diseases in racehorses. However, it has not been recognized as important in Korea, and drugs used to treat gastric ulcers are included in the doping test list, so they are not allowed to be administered to racehorses in training.
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed 1) to investigate the prevalence and the severity of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred racehorses in Korea, 2) to confirm the therapeutic effect of ranitidine and omeprazole, and 3) to compare the efficacy between ranitidine and omeprazole.
METHODS
Forty-nine horses were randomly recruited, and gastroscopy was performed within two days after racing. Twelve horses with a sum grade of five or higher were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Seven horses were administered ranitidine, and five horses were administered omeprazole. Follow-up gastroscopy was scheduled within one to five days after finishing the treatment.
RESULTS
The prevalence of gastric ulcer in Korean Thoroughbred racehorses after racing was 100%, and the grade was more severe in the non-glandular region than in the pyloric region. There was no correlation between the severity of gastric ulcer in the two regions. Omeprazole had a greater therapeutic effect than ranitidine.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows the importance of recognizing gastric ulcers as an important factor, and omeprazole as a possible treatment option in Korea, as it has been removed from the list of prohibited substances for racehorses. Thus, the use of omeprazole is currently recommended until one day before the race.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Horse Diseases; Horses; Omeprazole; Prevalence; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 35187877
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21247