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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021(), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a common herb, rich in plant compounds. It has a variety of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants,... (Review)
Review
(), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a common herb, rich in plant compounds. It has a variety of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, etc., which can be obtained in different body parts of . Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from are one class of these active substances that can inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways, thus curbing cancer migration and metastasis, at the same time they have little adverse effect on normal cells. There are multiple variants of ITCs in , but the predominant phytochemical is 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, also known as moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1). Studies have shown that MIC-1 has the possibility to be used clinically for the treatment of diabetes, neurologic diseases, obesity, ulcerative colitis, and several cancer types. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer and anti-chronic disease effects of MIC-1, current trends, and future direction of MIC-1 based treatment strategies. This review combines the relevant literature of the past 10 years, in order to provide more comprehensive information of MIC-1 and to fully exploit its potentiality in the clinical settings.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Obesity Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Isothiocyanates; Moringa oleifera
PubMed: 34946594
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247512 -
Medicina 2018
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Nobel Prize; Omeprazole; Peptic Ulcer
PubMed: 29360084
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2021The subtribe Hyptidinae contains approximately 400 accepted species distributed in 19 genera (Hyptis, Eriope, Condea, Cantinoa, Mesosphaerum, Cyanocephalus, Hypenia,... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The subtribe Hyptidinae contains approximately 400 accepted species distributed in 19 genera (Hyptis, Eriope, Condea, Cantinoa, Mesosphaerum, Cyanocephalus, Hypenia, Hyptidendron, Oocephalus, Medusantha, Gymneia, Marsypianthes, Leptohyptis, Martianthus, Asterohyptis, Eplingiella, Physominthe, Eriopidion and Rhaphiodon). This is the Lamiaceae clade with the largest number of species in Brazil and high rates of endemism. Some species have been used in different parts of the world mainly as insecticides/pest repellents, wound healing and pain-relief agents, as well as for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This review aims to discuss the current status concerning the taxonomy, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological properties of species which compose the subtribe Hyptidinae.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The available information was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, ChemSpider, SciFinder ACS Publications, Wiley Online Library), as well as other literature sources (e.g. books, theses).
RESULTS
The phytochemical investigations of plants of this subtribe have led to the identification of almost 300 chemical constituents of different classes such as diterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, α-pyrones, flavonoids, phenolic acids and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as components of essential oils. Extracts, essential oils and isolated compounds showed a series of biological activities such as insecticide/repellent, antimicrobial and antinociceptive, justifying some of the popular uses of the plants. In addition, a very relevant fact is that several species produce podophyllotoxin and related lignans.
CONCLUSION
Several species of Hyptidinae are used in folk medicine for treating many diseases but only a small fraction of the species has been explored and most of the traditional uses have not been validated by current investigations. In addition, the species of the subtribe appear to be very promising as alternative sources of podophyllotoxin-like lignans which are the lead compounds for the semi-synthesis of teniposide and etoposide, important antineoplastic agents. Thus, there is a wide-open door for future studies, both to support the popular uses of the plants and to find new biologically active compounds in this large number of species not yet explored.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Ethnobotany; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lamiaceae; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 32763419
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113225 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2008Peptic ulcer disease is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Numerous natural... (Review)
Review
Peptic ulcer disease is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Numerous natural products have been evaluated as therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including this one. These products usually derive from plant and animal sources that contain active constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and others. The alkaloids are natural nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites mostly derived from amino acids and found in about 20% of plants. There has been considerable pharmacological research into the antiulcer activity of these compounds. In this work we review the literature on alkaloids with antiulcer activity, which covers about sixty-one alkaloids, fifty-five of which have activity against this disease when induced in animals.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Duodenal Ulcer; Models, Animal; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 19104486
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13123198 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2002
Topics: 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Benzimidazoles; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Omeprazole; Peptic Ulcer; Rabeprazole
PubMed: 12082341
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2018Naringin is one of the most interesting phytopharmaceuticals that has been widely investigated for various biological actions. Yet, its low water solubility, limited...
Naringin is one of the most interesting phytopharmaceuticals that has been widely investigated for various biological actions. Yet, its low water solubility, limited permeability, and suboptimal bioavailability limited its use. Therefore, in this study, polymeric micelles of naringin based on pluronic F68 (PF68) were developed, fully characterized, and optimized. The optimized formula was investigated regarding in vitro release, storage stability, and in vitro cytotoxicity vs different cell lines. Also, cytoprotection against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats and antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice were investigated. Nanoscopic and nearly spherical 1:50 micelles with the mean diameter of 74.80±6.56 nm and narrow size distribution were obtained. These micelles showed the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%; 96.14±2.29). The micelles exhibited prolonged release up to 48 vs 10 h for free naringin. The stability of micelles was confirmed by insignificant changes in drug entrapment, particle size, and retention (%) (91.99±3.24). At lower dose than free naringin, effective cytoprotection of 1:50 micelles against ethanol-induced ulcer in rat model has been indicated by significant reduction in mucosal damage, gastric level of malondialdehyde, gastric expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and interleukin-6 with the elevation of gastric reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase when compared with the positive control group. As well, these micelles provoked pronounced antitumor activity assessed by potentiated in vitro cytotoxicity particularly against colorectal carcinoma cells and tumor growth inhibition when compared with free naringin. In conclusion, 1:50 naringin-PF68 micelles can be represented as a potential stable nanodrug delivery system with prolonged release and enhanced antiulcer as well as antitumor activities.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Availability; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Female; Flavanones; Humans; Male; Mice; Micelles; Particle Size; Poloxamer; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solubility; Ulcer
PubMed: 29497294
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S154325 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024Ulcer disorders including the oral mucosa, large intestine, and stomach mucosa, cause significant global health burdens. Conventional treatments such as non-steroid... (Review)
Review
Ulcer disorders including the oral mucosa, large intestine, and stomach mucosa, cause significant global health burdens. Conventional treatments such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine H receptor antagonists (HRAs), and cytoprotective agents have drawbacks like mucosal injury, diminish gastric acid secretion, and interact with concurrent medications. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed to tackle this health concern. Plants are rich in active metabolites in the bark, roots, leaves, fruits, and seeds, and have been utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The use of herbal therapy is crucial, and regulations are necessary to ensure the quality of products, particularly in randomized studies, to assess their efficacy and safety in treating ulcer disorders. This study aims to explore the anti-ulcer activity of medicinal plants in treating peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers. Articles were searched in Scopus and PubMed, and filtered for publication from 2013 to 2023, resulting in a total of 460 from Scopus and 239 from PubMed. The articles were further screened by title and abstract and resulted in 55 articles. Natural products, rich in active metabolites, were described to manage ulcer disease by protecting the mucosa, reducing ulcer effects, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, and reducing bacterial load, thus improving patients' quality of life. Natural extracts have proven effective in managing other health problems, including ulcers by reducing pain and decreasing lesions. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on medicinal plants, focusing on their effectiveness in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers.
Topics: Humans; Ulcer; Colitis, Ulcerative; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Quality of Life; Peptic Ulcer; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
PubMed: 38318501
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S446949 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2010Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is common and usually self-limiting in infants. Cisapride, a pro-kinetic agent, was commonly prescribed until reports of possible serious... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is common and usually self-limiting in infants. Cisapride, a pro-kinetic agent, was commonly prescribed until reports of possible serious adverse events were associated with its use.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness of cisapride versus placebo or non-surgical treatments for symptoms of GOR.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Upper Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases Group Specialised Register and Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE, reference lists of relevant review articles and searched in the Science Citation Index for all the trials identified. All searches were updated in February 2009.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials comparing oral cisapride therapy with placebo or other non-surgical treatments for children diagnosed with GOR were included. We excluded trials with a majority of participants less than 28 days of age.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Primary outcomes were a change in symptoms at the end of treatment, presence of adverse events, occurrence of clinical complications and weight gain. Secondary outcomes included physiological measures of GOR or histological evidence of oesophagitis. We dichotomised symptoms into 'same or worse' versus 'improved' and calculated summary odds ratios (OR). Continuous measures of GOR (for example reflux index) were summarised as a weighted mean difference. All outcomes were analysed using a random-effects method.
MAIN RESULTS
Ten trials in total met the inclusion criteria. Nine trials compared cisapride with placebo or no treatment, of which eight (262 participants) reported data on symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. There was no statistically significant difference between the two interventions (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.10 to 1.19) for 'same or worse' versus 'improved symptoms' at the end of treatment. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies, suggesting publication bias. Four studies reported adverse events (mainly diarrhoea); this difference was not statistically significant (OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.87 to 3.70). Another trial found no difference in the electrocardiographic QTc interval after three to eight weeks of treatment. Cisapride significantly reduced the reflux index (weighted mean difference -6.49; 95% CI -10.13 to -2.85; P = 0.0005). Other measures of oesophageal pH monitoring did not reach significance. One included study compared cisapride with Gaviscon (with no statistically significant difference). One small study found no evidence of benefit on frequency of regurgitation or weight gain after treatment with cisapride versus no treatment, carob bean or corn syrup thickeners.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We found no clear evidence that cisapride reduces symptoms of GOR. Due to reports of fatal cardiac arrhythmias or sudden death, from July 2000 in the USA and Europe cisapride was restricted to a limited access programme supervised by a paediatric gastrologist.
Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cisapride; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 20393933
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002300.pub2 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Aug 1999Rabeprazole sodium is a new substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor with several differences compared with existing proton pump inhibitors. In vitro and animal... (Review)
Review
Rabeprazole sodium is a new substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor with several differences compared with existing proton pump inhibitors. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that rabeprazole is a more potent inhibitor of H+,K(+)-ATPase and acid secretion than omeprazole, and is a more rapid inhibitor of proton pumps than omeprazole, lansoprazole, or pantoprazole. This probably reflects rabeprazole's faster activation in the parietal cell canaliculus. In human studies, once-daily doses of 5-40 mg of rabeprazole inhibit gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. A once-daily dose of 20 mg has consistently achieved profound decreases in 24-h intragastric acidity in single and repeat dosing studies, in healthy volunteers and patients with either peptic ulcer disease or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Significantly greater decreases in intragastric acidity are achieved on day 1 of dosing with rabeprazole 20 mg than with omeprazole 20 mg. As with other proton pump inhibitors, rabeprazole has in vitro antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, with greater activity against this organism than either lansoprazole or omeprazole. In addition to inhibiting bacterial urease activity, rabeprazole binds to several molecules on H. pylori. Clinical trials are needed to assess the clinical importance of these findings, as well as to assess whether the potential advantages of rabeprazole result in clinical benefit for patients with acid-related diseases.
Topics: 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Benzimidazoles; Clinical Trials as Topic; Enzyme Inhibitors; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Omeprazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Rabeprazole
PubMed: 10491723
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00019.x -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1996Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been established as the new "gold standard" for traditional acid-inhibitory treatment of the so called "peptic" diseases. Due to the... (Review)
Review
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been established as the new "gold standard" for traditional acid-inhibitory treatment of the so called "peptic" diseases. Due to the high antisecretory and ulcer-healing potency of omeprazole, no major improvements of the efficacy in ulcer healing and pain relief can be expected. Pantoprazole, as a further development in PPIs, is characterized by improved pharmacokinetic behavior as well as by higher tissue selectivity and binding specificity and by a very low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. These characteristics may provide the basis for a low potential for side effects and for a more favorable interaction profile, although the clinical relevance of these potential advantages remains to be proven. Reflux esophagitis will also remain a domain for the traditional use of PPIs in the future. However, in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers, the acid inhibitory potential of PPIs will be used mainly to facilitate the eradication of H. pylori.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Stability; Duodenal Ulcer; Enzyme Inhibitors; Esophagitis; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrinoma; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Proton Pumps; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 9112749
DOI: No ID Found