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Blood Jan 2023
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Mutation, Missense; Ion Channels; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Erythrocytes
PubMed: 36633886
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018186 -
Viruses Mar 2019Noroviruses are the most common etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite their high infectivity, a subpopulation of individuals is resistant to... (Review)
Review
Noroviruses are the most common etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite their high infectivity, a subpopulation of individuals is resistant to infection and disease. This susceptibility is norovirus genotype-dependent and is largely mediated by the presence or absence of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on gut epithelial surfaces. The synthesis of these HBGAs is mediated by fucosyl- and glycosyltransferases under the genetic control of the (secretor), (Lewis) and genes. The so-called non-secretors, having an inactivated FUT2 enzyme, do not express blood group antigens and are resistant to several norovirus genotypes, including the predominant GII.4. Significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity of HBGA expression exists between different human populations. Here, we review previous in vivo studies on genetic susceptibility to norovirus infection. These are discussed in relation to population susceptibility, vaccines, norovirus epidemiology and the impact on public health.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Caliciviridae Infections; Fucosyltransferases; Gastroenteritis; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glycosyltransferases; Humans; Norovirus; Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
PubMed: 30845670
DOI: 10.3390/v11030226 -
Transfusion Medicine Reviews Apr 2018Antigens of the Gerbich blood group system are expressed on glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD), minor sialoglycoproteins of human erythrocytes. GPC and GPD help... (Review)
Review
Antigens of the Gerbich blood group system are expressed on glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD), minor sialoglycoproteins of human erythrocytes. GPC and GPD help maintain erythrocyte shape of and contributes to the stability of its membrane. There are six high-prevalence Gerbich antigens: Ge2, Ge3, Ge4, GEPL (GE10), GEAT (GE11), GETI (GE12) and five low-prevalence Gerbich antigens: Wb (GE5), Ls (GE6), An (GE7), Dh (GE8), GEIS (GE9). Some Gerbich antigens (Ge4, Wb, Dh, GEAT) are expressed only on GPC, two (Ge2, An) are expressed only on GPD, while others (Ge3, Ls, GEIS, GEPL, GETI) are expressed on both GPC and GPD. Antibodies recognizing GPC/GPD may arise naturally (so-called "naturally-occurring RBC antibodies") or as the result of alloimmunization, and some of them may be clinically relevant. Gerbich antibodies usually do not cause serious hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR); autoantibodies of anti-Ge2- or anti-Ge3 specificity can cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Blood Group Antigens; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Glycophorins; Hemolysis; Humans; Ligands; Malaria; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Prevalence; Protein Domains
PubMed: 29540278
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2018.02.004 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2015Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of... (Review)
Review
Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 26085552
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00109-14 -
Gut Microbes 2023Rotavirus (RV) causes severe diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. Several glycans terminating in sialic acids (SAs) and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs)... (Review)
Review
Rotavirus (RV) causes severe diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. Several glycans terminating in sialic acids (SAs) and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) surface have been recognized to act as attachment sites for RV. IECs are protected by the double layer of mucus of which -glycans (including HBGAs and SAs) are a major organic component. Luminal mucins, as well as bacterial glycans, can act as decoy molecules removing RV particles from the gut. The composition of the intestinal mucus is regulated by complex -glycan-specific interactions among the gut microbiota, RV and the host. In this review, we highlight -glycan-mediated interactions within the intestinal lumen prior to RV attachment to IECs. A better understanding of the role of mucus is essential for the development of alternative therapeutic tools including the use of pre- and probiotics to control RV infection.
Topics: Animals; Rotavirus; Mucins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Blood Group Antigens; Sialic Acids; Polysaccharides; Bacteria
PubMed: 37020288
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2197833 -
Cells Mar 2020The expression of blood group antigens varies across human populations and geographical regions due to natural selection and the influence of environment factors and... (Review)
Review
The expression of blood group antigens varies across human populations and geographical regions due to natural selection and the influence of environment factors and disease. The red cell membrane is host to numerous surface antigens which are able to influence susceptibility to disease, by acting as receptors for pathogens, or by influencing the immune response. Investigations have shown that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can bind and gain entry into erythrocytes, and therefore it is hypothesized that blood groups could play a role in this process. The ABO blood group has been well studied. However, its role in HIV susceptibility remains controversial, while other blood group antigens, and the secretor status of individuals, have been implicated. The Duffy antigen is a chemokine receptor that is important in the inflammatory response. Those who lack this antigen, and type as Duffy null, could therefore be susceptible to HIV infection, especially if associated with neutropenia. Other antigens including those in the Rh, Lutheran and OK blood group systems have all been shown to interact with HIV. More recently, experiments show that cells which overexpress the P antigen appear to be protected against infection. These reports all demonstrate that red cell antigens interact and influence HIV infection. However, as the red cell membrane is complex and the pathogenesis of HIV multi-factorial, the role of blood group antigens cannot be studied in isolation.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Erythrocyte Membrane; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Virus Replication
PubMed: 32244465
DOI: 10.3390/cells9040845 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Aug 2021SARS-CoV-2 causes the respiratory syndrome COVID-19 and is responsible for the current pandemic. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2-mediating virus binding to target cells and... (Review)
Review
SARS-CoV-2 causes the respiratory syndrome COVID-19 and is responsible for the current pandemic. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2-mediating virus binding to target cells and subsequent viral uptake is extensively glycosylated. Here we focus on how glycosylation of both SARS-CoV-2 and target cells crucially impacts SARS-CoV-2 infection at different levels: (1) virus binding and entry to host cells, with glycosaminoglycans of host cells acting as a necessary co-factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection by interacting with the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, (2) innate and adaptive immune response where glycosylation plays both a protective role and contributes to immune evasion by masking of viral polypeptide epitopes and may add to the cytokine cascade via non-fucosylated IgG, and (3) therapy and vaccination where a monoclonal antibody-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 was shown to interact also with a distinct glycan epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These evidences highlight the importance of ensuring that glycans are considered when tackling this disease, particularly in the development of vaccines, therapeutic strategies and serological testing.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Blood Group Antigens; COVID-19; Exocytosis; Glycosylation; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; SARS-CoV-2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34023935
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02092-0 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2019The AB0 blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and periodontal disease, while the Lewis blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease...
The AB0 blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and periodontal disease, while the Lewis blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease and obesity, all of which have been associated with periodontitis. AB0 or Lewis blood group phenotype may therefore constitute common hereditary components predisposing to these disorders. In this study, we investigated if blood group phenotype associated with periodontitis in a subpopulation consisting of 702 participants from a Danish cross-sectional cohort and, secondarily, attempted to confirm their association with hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and obesity. No significant association between blood group phenotype and periodontitis was detected, nor were previously reported associations between blood group phenotype and hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and obesity confirmed. This may, at least partly, be attributed to differences in study type, outcome definitions, cohort sizes, and population attributable factors. However, our results suggested a strong association between self-reported stroke and the Lewis (a-b-) phenotype (P = 0.0002, OR: 22.28; CI 95: 4.72-131.63).
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Lewis Blood Group Antigens; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Periodontitis; Phenotype; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 31000730
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42594-z -
Blood Jul 2022
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Genotype; Humans; Phenotype; Risk Factors; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 35862092
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016291 -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K,... Dec 2019In feline practice, blood groups were considered unimportant until the 1980s. Since then much has been learned. The most important blood group system in cats is the... (Review)
Review
In feline practice, blood groups were considered unimportant until the 1980s. Since then much has been learned. The most important blood group system in cats is the (renamed here as ) blood group system consisting of blood types , and (better referred to as ). Type cats have strong anti- alloantibodies potentially leading to incompatibility reactions during mismatched transfusions or neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in type and () kittens born to type queens. Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions as well as NI have been clinically well documented in cats. Immunological and genetic tests have been established and blood typing and crossmatching test kits have become commercially available. This review updates the current knowledge of these blood types, their genetics, associated incompatibility reactions, and different diagnostic tools for avoiding such reactions in clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Cats; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 31814091
DOI: 10.1055/a-1035-9649