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Blood Apr 2019Genomics is affecting all areas of medicine. In transfusion medicine, DNA-based genotyping is being used as an alternative to serological antibody-based methods to... (Review)
Review
Genomics is affecting all areas of medicine. In transfusion medicine, DNA-based genotyping is being used as an alternative to serological antibody-based methods to determine blood groups for matching donor to recipient. Most antigenic polymorphisms are due to single nucleotide polymorphism changes in the respective genes, and DNA arrays that target these changes have been validated by comparison with antibody-based typing. Importantly, the ability to test for antigens for which there are no serologic reagents is a major medical advance to identify antibodies and find compatible donor units, and can be life-saving. This review summarizes the evolving use and applications of genotyping for red cell and platelet blood group antigens affecting several areas of medicine. These include prenatal medicine for evaluating risk of fetal or neonatal disease and candidates for Rh-immune globulin; transplantation for bone marrow donor selection and transfusion support for highly alloimmunized patients and for confirmation of A2 status of kidney donors; hematology for comprehensive typing for patients with anemia requiring chronic transfusion; and oncology for patients receiving monoclonal antibody therapies that interfere with pretransfusion testing. A genomics approach allows, for the first time, the ability to routinely select donor units antigen matched to recipients for more than ABO/RhD to reduce complications. Of relevance, the growth of whole-genome sequencing in chronic disease and for general health will provide patients' comprehensive extended blood group profile as part of their medical record to be used to inform selection of the optimal transfusion therapy.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Genomics; Humans
PubMed: 30808639
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-833954 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... Aug 2008The ABO blood group was discovered in 1900 by Austrian scientist, Karl Landsteiner. At present, the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) approves as 29... (Review)
Review
The ABO blood group was discovered in 1900 by Austrian scientist, Karl Landsteiner. At present, the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) approves as 29 human blood group systems. The ABO blood group system consists of four antigens (A, B, O and AB). These antigens are known as oligosaccharide antigens, and widely expressed on the membranes of red cell and tissue cells as well as, in the saliva and body fluid. The ABO blood group antigens are one of the most important issues in transfusion medicine to evaluate the adaptability of donor blood cells with bone marrow transplantations, and lifespan of the hemocytes.This article reviews the serology, biochemistry and genetic characteristics, and clinical application of ABO antigens.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Alleles; Erythrocyte Membrane; Genotype; Humans; Models, Biological; Serology
PubMed: 18797129
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.55.174 -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2019Blood group serology and single nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping platforms are accurate but do not provide a comprehensive cover for all 36 blood group systems... (Review)
Review
Blood group serology and single nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping platforms are accurate but do not provide a comprehensive cover for all 36 blood group systems and do not cover the antigen diversity observed among population groups. This review examines the extent to which genomics is shaping blood group serology. Resources for genomics include the Human Reference Genome Sequence assembly; curated blood group tables listing variants; public databases providing information on genetic variants from world-wide studies; and massively parallel sequencing technologies. Blood group genomic studies span the spectrum, from bioinformatic data mining of huge data sets containing whole genome and whole exome information to laboratory investigations utilising targeted sequencing approaches. Blood group predictions based on genome sequencing and genomic studies are proving accurate, and have shown utility in both research and reference settings. Overall, studies confirm the potential for blood group genomics to reshape donor and patient transfusion management strategies to provide more compatible blood transfusions.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Genomics; Humans; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 30706459
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15747 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Oct 2021As a stable genetic marker of human, blood group is expressed in a polymorphic system in the population. Blood group and pathogens mainly produce effects through the...
As a stable genetic marker of human, blood group is expressed in a polymorphic system in the population. Blood group and pathogens mainly produce effects through the interaction between antigens and antibodies. On the one hand, they can promote pathogen colonization, invasion or evasion of host clearance mechanism, and on the other hand, they can make some hosts less susceptible to corresponding pathogens. By exploring the molecular mechanism between the blood group system and pathogenic microorganisms, it can provide a scientific basis for the treatment of human related diseases and the development of vaccines.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Disease Susceptibility; Humans
PubMed: 34911848
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200659 -
Viruses Oct 2021Recognition of cell-surface glycans is an important step in the attachment of several viruses to susceptible host cells. The molecular basis of glycan interactions and... (Review)
Review
Recognition of cell-surface glycans is an important step in the attachment of several viruses to susceptible host cells. The molecular basis of glycan interactions and their functional consequences are well studied for human norovirus (HuNoV), an important gastrointestinal pathogen. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), a family of fucosylated carbohydrate structures that are present on the cell surface, are utilized by HuNoVs to initially bind to cells. In this review, we describe the discovery of HBGAs as genetic susceptibility factors for HuNoV infection and review biochemical and structural studies investigating HuNoV binding to different HBGA glycans. Recently, human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) were developed as a laboratory cultivation system for HuNoV. We review how the use of this novel culture system has confirmed that fucosylated HBGAs are necessary and sufficient for infection by several HuNoV strains, describe mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of infection that involve blocking of HuNoV binding to HBGAs, and discuss the potential for using the HIE model to answer unresolved questions on viral interactions with HBGAs and other glycans.
Topics: Animals; Blood Group Antigens; Caliciviridae Infections; Fucosyltransferases; Glycoconjugates; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Intestines; Models, Molecular; Norovirus; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Virus Attachment; Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
PubMed: 34696500
DOI: 10.3390/v13102066 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Aug 2020The complex communities of microbes that constitute the human microbiome are influenced by host and environmental factors. Here, we address how a fundamental aspect of... (Review)
Review
The complex communities of microbes that constitute the human microbiome are influenced by host and environmental factors. Here, we address how a fundamental aspect of human biology, blood type, contributes to shaping this microscopic ecosystem. Although this question remains largely unexplored, we glean insights from decades of work describing relationships between pathogens and blood type. The bacterial strategies, molecular mechanisms, and host responses that shaped those relationships may parallel those that characterize how blood type and commensals interact. Understanding these nuanced interactions will expand our capacity to analyze and manipulate the human microbiome.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Blood Group Antigens; Humans; Microbiota; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32663769
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.06.008 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Aug 2016A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE
Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Lewis Blood Group Antigens; Neoplasms; Oligosaccharides; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 26748235
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Apr 2022While adaptive immunity recognizes a nearly infinite range of antigenic determinants, immune tolerance renders adaptive immunity vulnerable to microbes decorated in...
While adaptive immunity recognizes a nearly infinite range of antigenic determinants, immune tolerance renders adaptive immunity vulnerable to microbes decorated in self-like antigens. Recent studies suggest that sugar-binding proteins galectin-4 and galectin-8 bind microbes expressing blood group antigens. However, the binding profile and potential antimicrobial activity of other galectins, particularly galectin-9 (Gal-9), has remained incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that while Gal-9 possesses strong binding preference for ABO(H) blood group antigens, each domain exhibits distinct binding patterns, with the C-terminal domain (Gal-9C) exhibiting higher binding to blood group B than the N-terminal domain (Gal-9N). Despite this binding preference, Gal-9 readily killed blood group B-positive Escherichia coli, whereas Gal-9N displayed higher killing activity against this microbe than Gal-9C. Utilization of microarrays populated with blood group O antigens from a diverse array of microbes revealed that Gal-9 can bind various microbial glycans, whereas Gal-9N and Gal-9C displayed distinct and overlapping binding preferences. Flow cytometric examination of intact microbes corroborated the microbial glycan microarray findings, demonstrating that Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C also possess the capacity to recognize distinct strains of Providencia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian blood group-like antigens while failing to bind related strains that do not express mammalian-like glycans. In each case of microbial binding, Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C induced microbial death. In contrast, while Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C engaged red blood cells, each failed to induce hemolysis. These data suggest that Gal-9 recognition of distinct microbial strains may provide antimicrobial activity against molecular mimicry.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Blood Group Antigens; Galectins; Mammals; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35148986
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101704 -
Genes Jun 2022The Dombrock (DO) blood group system has two primary antigens, Do and Do, which can cause delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. The paucity of specific monospecific...
The Dombrock (DO) blood group system has two primary antigens, Do and Do, which can cause delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. The paucity of specific monospecific antibodies can hamper the typing based on these antigens. Thus, blood group genotyping (BGG) was investigated as a possible solution. Sequence-specific primers were designed to target a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs11276) on the gene encoding the and alleles. Blood samples ( = 150) from randomly selected volunteer donors were used. DNA was extracted and resulting PCR products were purified and sequenced. The allelic frequencies of and were ( = 122, 40.67%) and ( = 178, 59.33%), respectively. The distributions of DO genotypes were as follows: / ( = 20), 13.33%; / ( = 48), 32.00%; and / ( = 82), 54.67%. In conclusion, this study reports on the allelic frequencies of and of the DO blood group system in Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, this study reports on the prevalence of each genotype, of which was the most abundant. This study contributes significantly to build the current blood donor database in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Moreover, it may assist in providing safe blood to polytransfused patients and reduce the risk of the red cell alloimmunization.
Topics: Alleles; Blood Donors; Blood Group Antigens; Genotype; Humans; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 35741842
DOI: 10.3390/genes13061079 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2015Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of... (Review)
Review
Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 26085552
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00109-14