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Viruses May 2019Human norovirus is a major human pathogen causing the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis globally. Viral entry is the first step of the viral life cycle and is a... (Review)
Review
Human norovirus is a major human pathogen causing the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis globally. Viral entry is the first step of the viral life cycle and is a significant determinant of cell tropism, host range, immune interactions, and pathogenesis. Bile salts and histo-blood group antigens are key mediators of norovirus entry; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules promote infection and the identity of a potential human norovirus receptor remain unknown. Recently, there have been several important advances in norovirus entry biology including the identification of CD300lf as the receptor for murine norovirus and of the role of the minor capsid protein VP2 in viral genome release. Here, we will review the current understanding about norovirus attachment and entry and highlight important future directions.
Topics: Animals; Blood Group Antigens; Caliciviridae Infections; Capsid Proteins; Genome, Viral; Host Specificity; Humans; Mice; Norovirus; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Virus; Viral Structural Proteins; Viral Tropism; Virus Attachment; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 31151248
DOI: 10.3390/v11060495 -
Viruses Jan 2021Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a multifactorial disease in which dietary, genetic, immunological, and... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a multifactorial disease in which dietary, genetic, immunological, and microbial factors are at play. The role of enteric viruses in IBD remains only partially explored. To date, epidemiological studies have not fully described the role of enteric viruses in inflammatory flare-ups, especially that of human noroviruses and rotaviruses, which are the main causative agents of viral gastroenteritis. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the association between IBD, polymorphisms of the and genes (which drive the synthesis of histo-blood group antigens), and ligands for norovirus and rotavirus in the intestine. The role of autophagy in defensin-deficient Paneth cells and the perturbations of cytokine secretion in T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 inflammatory pathways following enteric virus infections have been demonstrated as well. Enteric virus interactions with commensal bacteria could play a significant role in the modulation of enteric virus infections in IBD. Based on the currently incomplete knowledge of the complex phenomena underlying IBD pathogenesis, future studies using multi-sampling and data integration combined with new techniques such as human intestinal enteroids could help to decipher the role of enteric viruses in IBD.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Biomarkers; Blood Group Antigens; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Enterovirus; Enterovirus Infections; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Microbial Interactions; Signal Transduction; Virome
PubMed: 33451106
DOI: 10.3390/v13010104 -
Blood Aug 2023Among the risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ABO(H) blood group antigens are among the most recognized predictors of...
Among the risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ABO(H) blood group antigens are among the most recognized predictors of infection. However, the mechanisms by which ABO(H) antigens influence susceptibility to COVID-19 remain incompletely understood. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, which facilitates host cell engagement, bears significant similarity to galectins, an ancient family of carbohydrate-binding proteins. Because ABO(H) blood group antigens are carbohydrates, we compared the glycan-binding specificity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD with that of galectins. Similar to the binding profile of several galectins, the RBDs of SARS-CoV-2, including Delta and Omicron variants, exhibited specificity for blood group A. Not only did each RBD recognize blood group A in a glycan array format, but each SARS-CoV-2 virus also displayed a preferential ability to infect blood group A-expressing cells. Preincubation of blood group A cells with a blood group-binding galectin specifically inhibited the blood group A enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas similar incubation with a galectin that does not recognize blood group antigens failed to impact SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can engage blood group A, providing a direct link between ABO(H) blood group expression and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; ABO Blood-Group System; Galectins
PubMed: 37367252
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018903 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2021There are few case reports of hemolytic disease in fetuses and newborns (HDFN) caused by alloantibodies against the MNS blood group system. The reason for this dearth is...
There are few case reports of hemolytic disease in fetuses and newborns (HDFN) caused by alloantibodies against the MNS blood group system. The reason for this dearth is that antibodies toward these antigens are usually IgM, which not only cannot cross the placental circulation but also react at temperatures below 37°C. They are, therefore, of minimal clinical importance. Nevertheless, cases have been reported in which the presence of anti-M IgG antibodies caused severe HDFN and even intrauterine death in the presence of maternal-fetal MNS incompatibility indicating that they could have a high clinical impact. The hemolytic pattern observed in these cases is similar to that caused by anti-Kell antibodies. Progressive anemia is mediated and developed through hematopoietic suppression inducing the destruction of bone marrow precursor cells with the resulting absence of reticulocytes in peripheral blood. This occurred in the case of a woman at 38.5 weeks of gestation who showed a discrepancy between direct and reverse blood type determination. A direct Coombs test was performed on the newborn’s blood, which was positive in the absence of maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility. Further tests were performed and anti-M antibodies were found in the maternal serum screening. Our final diagnosis was largely due to discrepancy issues in maternal blood. Although anti-M antibodies do not usually play a significant role in HDFN, this case stresses the importance of identifying the presence of antibodies that can be crucial in preventing HDFN and lead to new recommendations for the screening and prompt treatment of hemolysis in newborns.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Fetus; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Placenta; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34936250
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5930 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery May 2021Blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically...
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically useful for patients with anaemia and/or coagulopathies. It is important for feline healthcare that donors are selected appropriately, and transfusions of blood or blood products are given to recipients that will benefit from them. Complications can occur, but can be largely avoided with careful donor management and recipient selection, understanding of blood type compatibility, and transfusion monitoring.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Feline blood transfusion, while potentially a lifesaving procedure, can also be detrimental to donor and recipient without precautions. Cats have naturally occurring alloantibodies to red cell antigens and severe reactions can occur with type-mismatched transfusions. Blood transfusions can also transmit infectious agents to the recipient, so donor testing is essential. Finally, donors must be in good health, and sedated as appropriate, with blood collected in a safe and sterile fashion to optimise the benefit to recipients. Transfusion reactions are possible and can be mild to severe in nature. Autologous blood transfusions and xenotransfusions may be considered in certain situations.
EVIDENCE BASE
These Guidelines have been created by a panel of authors convened by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM), based on available literature. They are aimed at general practitioners to provide a practical guide to blood typing, cross-matching, and blood collection and administration.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Blood Transfusion; Cat Diseases; Cats; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 33896248
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X211007071 -
Hematology. American Society of... Dec 2020Platelets express ABO antigens and are collected in plasma, which contains ABO antibodies as would be consistent with the donor ABO group. Platelet ABO antigens that are... (Review)
Review
Platelets express ABO antigens and are collected in plasma, which contains ABO antibodies as would be consistent with the donor ABO group. Platelet ABO antigens that are incompatible with recipient ABO antibodies may have accelerated clearance from circulation and result in lower count increments. ABO antibodies that are passively transferred from donor plasma may result in hemolysis of recipient red blood cells. Although platelets do not express Rh antigens, they contain small numbers of intact red blood cells or fragments, which can lead to alloimmunization in the recipient. Alloimmunization to the RhD antigen may occur when platelets obtained from RhD-positive donors are transfused to RhD-negative recipients. All of these compatibility considerations must be balanced against the available supply, which may be limited due to the 5- to 7-day shelf life of platelets. This articles describes considerations for platelet ABO and RhD selection for platelet transfusions, including the impact of major ABO incompatibility on count increments, the risks of hemolysis associated with minor ABO incompatibility, and the risk of RhD alloimmunization when RhD-negative patients receive platelets obtained from RhD-positive donors.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Blood Group Incompatibility; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Platelet Transfusion; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 33275681
DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2020000135 -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... May 2020
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 32203009
DOI: 10.2450/2020.0296-19 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... Aug 2022Pre-analytical sample handling might affect the results of Alzheimer's disease blood-based biomarkers. We empirically tested variations of common blood collection and...
Characterization of pre-analytical sample handling effects on a panel of Alzheimer's disease-related blood-based biomarkers: Results from the Standardization of Alzheimer's Blood Biomarkers (SABB) working group.
INTRODUCTION
Pre-analytical sample handling might affect the results of Alzheimer's disease blood-based biomarkers. We empirically tested variations of common blood collection and handling procedures.
METHODS
We created sample sets that address the effect of blood collection tube type, and of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plasma delayed centrifugation, centrifugation temperature, aliquot volume, delayed storage, and freeze-thawing. We measured amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and 40 peptides with six assays, and Aβ oligomerization-tendency (OAβ), amyloid precursor protein (APP) , glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau181.
RESULTS
Collection tube type resulted in different values of all assessed markers. Delayed plasma centrifugation and storage affected Aβ and t-tau; t-tau was additionally affected by centrifugation temperature. The other markers were resistant to handling variations.
DISCUSSION
We constructed a standardized operating procedure for plasma handling, to facilitate introduction of blood-based biomarkers into the research and clinical settings.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Biomarkers; Blood Group Antigens; Humans; Reference Standards; Specimen Handling; tau Proteins
PubMed: 34845818
DOI: 10.1002/alz.12510 -
Blood Jan 2023Despite the identification of the high-incidence red cell antigen Era nearly 40 years ago, the molecular background of this antigen, together with the other 2 members of...
Despite the identification of the high-incidence red cell antigen Era nearly 40 years ago, the molecular background of this antigen, together with the other 2 members of the Er blood group collection, has yet to be elucidated. Whole exome and Sanger sequencing of individuals with serologically defined Er alloantibodies identified several missense mutations within the PIEZO1 gene, encoding amino acid substitutions within the extracellular domain of the Piezo1 mechanosensor ion channel. Confirmation of Piezo1 as the carrier molecule for the Er blood group antigens was demonstrated using immunoprecipitation, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout, and expression studies in an erythroblast cell line. We report the molecular bases of 5 Er blood group antigens: the recognized Era, Erb, and Er3 antigens and 2 novel high-incidence Er antigens, described here as Er4 and Er5, establishing a new blood group system. Anti-Er4 and anti-Er5 are implicated in severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Demonstration of Piezo1, present at just a few hundred copies on the surface of the red blood cell, as the site of a new blood group system highlights the potential antigenicity of even low-abundance membrane proteins and contributes to our understanding of the in vivo characteristics of this important and widely studied protein in transfusion biology and beyond.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Mutation, Missense; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Erythrocytes; Ion Channels; Blood Group Antigens; Mechanotransduction, Cellular
PubMed: 36122374
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016504 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Mar 2021
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Blood Group Antigens; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; COVID-19; Disease Susceptibility; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Isoantibodies; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 33734622
DOI: No ID Found