-
Journal of Infection and Public Health May 2023Relatively few studies have focused on mortality risk factors for listeriosis in the literature. Information on the mortality of populations with listeriosis is needed.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Relatively few studies have focused on mortality risk factors for listeriosis in the literature. Information on the mortality of populations with listeriosis is needed. We aimed to explore the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis in this meta-analysis.
METHODS
The studies were considered eligible for inclusion only if they directly compared the mortality risk factors for listeriosis between dead patients and surviving patients. The mortality risk factors included clinical predisposing factors and predisposing comorbidities.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in this study. There were 12,265 listeriosis patients, including 2863 (23.3%) dead patients. The meta-analysis provided evidence that the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis were as follows: 1. Clinical predisposing factors included age ≥ 60 years, primary bacteremia and central nervous system involvement; 2. Predisposing comorbidities included non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease. In addition, autoimmune disease comorbidity had a protective effect against listeriosis.
CONCLUSION
The presence of older patients, primary bacteremia, central nervous system involvement, non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease should alert physicians to the higher risk of mortality.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Listeria monocytogenes; Alcoholism; Listeriosis; Risk Factors; Bacteremia; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36958172
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.013 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2023Two 3-week-old goat kids from a herd of ~50 to 60 goats were examined by a veterinarian. The goats were in lateral recumbency with an inability to rise. Unilateral...
Two 3-week-old goat kids from a herd of ~50 to 60 goats were examined by a veterinarian. The goats were in lateral recumbency with an inability to rise. Unilateral cranial nerve deficiencies included cervical rotation, nystagmus, ptosis, facial paralysis, and absence of palpebral reflex. One of the 2 kids had a fever. The kids died and necropsy examinations were performed. Histopathology findings were highly suggestive of infection, which was confirmed by bacterial culture. This case suggests that listeriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for goats with neurological signs even if they are not fed silage or haylage and are kept in a clean barn.
Topics: Animals; Goats; Listeriosis; Fever; Goat Diseases
PubMed: 37265813
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Feb 2022Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific functions. Tissue-derived signals play a critical role in determining macrophage...
Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific functions. Tissue-derived signals play a critical role in determining macrophage heterogeneity. However, these signals remain largely unknown. The BMP receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is well known for its role in blood vessel formation; however, its role within the immune system has never been revealed to our knowledge. Here, we found that BMP9/BMP10/ALK1 signaling controlled the identity and self-renewal of Kupffer cells (KCs) through a Smad4-dependent pathway. In contrast, ALK1 was dispensable for the maintenance of macrophages located in the lung, kidney, spleen, and brain. Following ALK1 deletion, KCs were lost over time and were replaced by monocyte-derived macrophages. These hepatic macrophages showed significantly reduced expression of the complement receptor VSIG4 and alterations in immune zonation and morphology, which is important for the tissue-specialized function of KCs. Furthermore, we found that this signaling pathway was important for KC-mediated Listeria monocytogenes capture, as the loss of ALK1 and Smad4 led to a failure of bacterial capture and overwhelming disseminated infections. Thus, ALK1 signaling instructs a tissue-specific phenotype that allows KCs to protect the host from systemic bacterial dissemination.
Topics: Activin Receptors, Type II; Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Growth Differentiation Factor 2; Kupffer Cells; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34874921
DOI: 10.1172/JCI150489 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Mar 2024Listeriosis is a foodborne infection in humans caused by Consumption of contaminated food can lead to severe infection in vulnerable patients, that can be fatal....
Listeriosis is a foodborne infection in humans caused by Consumption of contaminated food can lead to severe infection in vulnerable patients, that can be fatal. Clinical manifestations include sepsis and meningitis, and in pregnancy-associated infection, miscarriage and stillbirth. Diagnosis is confirmed by culture and identification of the pathogen from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, vaginal swab, placenta or amniotic fluid. Treatment regimens recommend amoxicillin, ampicillin or an aminoglycoside. Virulence factors mediate bacterial adhesion and invasion of gut epithelial cells. Other factors mediate biofilm formation and tolerance to low temperatures and high salt concentrations facilitating persistence and survival in the environment.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Ampicillin; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38506266
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001800 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Many bacterial species, including several pathogens, can enter a so-called "viable but non-culturable" (VBNC) state when subjected to stress. Bacteria in the VBNC state... (Review)
Review
Many bacterial species, including several pathogens, can enter a so-called "viable but non-culturable" (VBNC) state when subjected to stress. Bacteria in the VBNC state are metabolically active but have lost their ability to grow on standard culture media, which compromises their detection by conventional techniques based on bacterial division. Under certain conditions, VBNC bacteria can regain their growth capacity and, for pathogens, their virulence potential, through a process called resuscitation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the VBNC state of (), a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium responsible for listeriosis, one of the most dangerous foodborne zoonosis. After a brief summary of characteristics of VBNC bacteria, we highlight work on VBNC in the environment and in agricultural and food industry settings, with particular emphasis on the impact of antimicrobial treatments. We subsequently discuss recent data suggesting that can enter the VBNC state in the host, raising the possibility that VBNC forms contribute to the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen in wildlife, livestock and even humans. We also consider the resuscitation and virulence potential of VBNC and the danger posed by these bacteria to at-risk individuals, particularly pregnant women. Overall, we put forth the hypothesis that VBNC forms contribute to adaptation, persistence, and transmission of between different ecological niches in the One-Health , and suggest that screening for healthy carriers, using alternative techniques to culture-based enrichment methods, should better prevent listeriosis risks.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; One Health; Pregnancy; Virulence; Zoonoses
PubMed: 35372114
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849915 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Trained immunity refers to the ability of the innate immune system exposed to a first challenge to provide an enhanced response to a secondary homologous or heterologous...
Trained immunity refers to the ability of the innate immune system exposed to a first challenge to provide an enhanced response to a secondary homologous or heterologous challenge. We reported that training induced with β-glucan one week before infection confers protection against a broad-spectrum of lethal bacterial infections. Whether this protection persists over time is unknown. To tackle this question, we analyzed the immune status and the response to () of mice trained 9 weeks before analysis. The induction of trained immunity increased bone marrow myelopoiesis and blood counts of Ly6C inflammatory monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). , whole blood, PMNs and monocytes from trained mice produced increased levels of cytokines in response to microbial products and limited the growth of . , following challenge with , peripheral blood leukocytes were massively depleted in control mice but largely preserved in trained mice. PMNs were reduced also in the spleen from control mice, and increased in the spleen of trained mice. In transwell experiments, PMNs from trained mice showed increased spontaneous migration and CXCL2/MIP2α-induced chemotaxis, suggesting that training promotes the migration of PMNs in peripheral organs targeted by . Trained PMNs and monocytes had higher glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration than control cells when exposed to . Bacterial burden and dissemination in blood, spleen and liver as well as systemic cytokines and inflammation (multiplex bead assay and bioluminescence imaging) were reduced in trained mice. In full agreement with these results, mice trained 9 weeks before infection were powerfully protected from lethal listeriosis. Altogether, these data suggest that training increases the generation and the antimicrobial activity of PMNs and monocytes, which may confer prolonged protection from lethal bacterial infection.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Cytokines; Female; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocytes; Neutrophils
PubMed: 34603295
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723393 -
FEBS Letters Aug 2014Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen causing an opportunistic disease called listeriosis. This bacterium invades and replicates in most cell types, due to its... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen causing an opportunistic disease called listeriosis. This bacterium invades and replicates in most cell types, due to its multiple strategies to exploit host molecular mechanisms. Research aiming at unravelling Listeria invasion and intracellular lifestyle has led to a number of key discoveries in infection biology, cell biology and also microbiology. In this review, we report on our most recent advances in understanding the intimate crosstalk between the bacterium and its host, resulting from in-depth studies performed over the past five years. We specifically highlight new concepts in RNA-based regulation in bacteria and discuss important findings in cell biology, including a new role for clathrin and an atypical mitochondrial fragmentation mechanism. We also illustrate the notion that bacterial infection regulates host gene expression at the chromatin level, contributing to an emerging field called patho-epigenetics. This review corresponds to the lecture given by one of us (P.C.) on the occasion of the 2014 FEBS|EMBO Woman in Science Award.
Topics: Animals; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 24911203
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.051 -
Molecular Microbiology Mar 2020The universe of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis is filled with many female and male stars. But there are two particularly bright shining supernovae-like stars: the late...
The universe of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis is filled with many female and male stars. But there are two particularly bright shining supernovae-like stars: the late Stanley Falkow and the very lively and creative Pascale Cossart. These two outstanding luminaries, surrounded by numerous planets, do not only belong to different scientific generations but their splendor also comes from very different scientific concepts. Stanley Falkow, often referred to as the 'Father of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis', made many groundbreaking contributions to this field by addressing almost all important bacterial pathogens. Pascale Cossart, who could be called in analogy the 'Queen of Modern Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis' by combining the Microbiology and Cell Biology, concentrates in her similarly impressive scientific work essentially on a single bacterial species which she studied and still studies in great depth: the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes-and the vast majority of her most prominent publications deals with this pathogen in almost all facets. It is certainly not an exaggeration to say that she together with her co-workers and collaborators developed this model bacterium into a paradigm among the intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Topics: Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32185837
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14450 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Dec 2020Neonatal listeriosis is a major cause of mortality in newborn; however, there is limited information about this disease in Taiwan. The aim of our study was to identify...
BACKGROUND
Neonatal listeriosis is a major cause of mortality in newborn; however, there is limited information about this disease in Taiwan. The aim of our study was to identify the outcome determinants, clinical features, and incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis, which includes both neonatal and maternal listeriosis.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of neonatal and maternal patients with pregnancy-associated listeriosis at two hospitals in Taiwan from January 2000 to December 2018. Listeriosis was indicated by positive Listeria monocytogenes culture.
RESULTS
Our study examined 18 neonates and 19 mothers. The neonatal and fetal death rate was 24%. All five cases of fetal losses or neonatal deaths occurred before 29 weeks of gestational age. The annual incidence of confirmed neonatal listeriosis increased significantly from 0.94/10,000 neonatal inpatients in 2000-2011 to 5.45/10,000 neonatal inpatients in 2012-2018 (p = 0.026). Clinical presentations of neonatal listeriosis included respiratory distress (85%), leukocytosis or leukopenia (77%), bandemia (69%), thrombocytopenia (77%), hypocalcemia (100%) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (92%). Lower gestation correlated with a higher fatality rate (p = 0.002). Among the maternal cases investigated, 67% had a diagnosis of listeriosis, and 72% presented with fever. However, only 21% of the 19 mothers received complete antepartum ampicillin treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of neonatal listeriosis is increasing, especially in preterm neonates. Maternal listeriosis should be adequately treated with appropriate empirical antibiotics.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Neonatal Sepsis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies; Taiwan; Young Adult
PubMed: 31492584
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.08.001 -
Virulence Dec 2021is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional...
is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aged; Animals; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mammals; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virulence
PubMed: 34612177
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526