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Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2022Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and... (Review)
Review
Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, which make them important raw materials for medicine, food and cosmetics industry. In recent years, the heterologous synthesis of monoterpenoids by microorganisms has attracted extensive attention. However, its large-scale application is greatly hampered by the low yield and high production cost. Nowadays, the rapid development of synthetic biology provides new approaches for enhancing the production of monoterpenoids by microorganisms. Different kinds of recombinant strains can be obtained via engineering of microbial cells to produce a variety of monoterpenoids with different properties. This paper summarized the latest strategies and progress in the application of synthetic biology to produce monoterpenoids by microorganisms, including the design and modification of biosynthetic pathway, as well as the design and optimization of high-yield monoterpenoids producing chassis cells.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Metabolic Engineering; Monoterpenes; Synthetic Biology; Terpenes
PubMed: 35234374
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210145 -
Food Technology and Biotechnology Dec 2021Having an insight into graphene and graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots is necessary since it can help... (Review)
Review
Having an insight into graphene and graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots is necessary since it can help scientists to detect possible properties and features that could be useful when using these carbon materials in preparation of a nanocomposites. In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have attracted a lot of attention and been extensively applied in biosensors due to fascinating properties, such as large surface area, optical and magnetic properties, and high elasticity for the detection of microorganisms as they can be modified with some other materials such as macromolecules, oxide metals and metals to improve the electrochemical behaviour of the biosensor. In this review paper, biosensor design strategies based on graphene and its derivatives (graphene-based nanocomposites in biosensors) are described. Then their application for the detection of microorganisms including prions, viroids, viral and bacterial cells as well as fungi, protozoa, microbial toxins and even microbial sources of antibiotics is reviewed.
PubMed: 35136373
DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7223 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023
PubMed: 37614605
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227230 -
International Journal of Environmental... 2022The pollutants have become ubiquitous in the total environment (water, soil and air) due to human activities and they are hazardous to all forms of life on the earth.... (Review)
Review
The pollutants have become ubiquitous in the total environment (water, soil and air) due to human activities and they are hazardous to all forms of life on the earth. This problem has made scientists focus on mitigating or complete reduction in pollutants by several means. Microorganism and plants are known to scavenge pollutants. Both are studied enormously in reducing, refining, and removing pollutants from the environment successfully. But, their slow process for removal is disadvantage. However, according to recent advancements in the abatement of pollutants, a combined system of both microorganisms and plant has shown to enhance the remediation of pollutants to an efficient level. In a nutrient-depleted pollutant-rich environment, when suitable plant and microorganisms are introduced, the plant interacts with the rhizosphere and root associate with microorganisms to survive in toxic conditions. The chemicals released by plants signal the microorganisms for interactions. This interaction leads in higher germination efficiency and enhanced root elongation which results in enhanced degradation of pollutants in both rhizosphere and phyllosphere. In this background, the current review article provides an overview of the recent advancement in microorganisms plant combined systems in enhanced removal of several recalcitrant pollutants. The conclusion highlights the challenges and future perspectives in this area of research.
PubMed: 34122578
DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03354-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity... (Review)
Review
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity of some of them, they can also have negative environmental and health impacts. Pesticide biodegradation is important because it can help mitigate the negative effects of pesticides. Many types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, can degrade pesticides; microorganisms are able to bioremediate pesticides using diverse metabolic pathways where enzymatic degradation plays a crucial role in achieving chemical transformation of the pesticides. The growing concern about the environmental and health impacts of pesticides is pushing the industry of these products to develop more sustainable alternatives, such as high biodegradable chemicals. The degradative properties of microorganisms could be fully exploited using the advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, paving the way for more effective bioremediation strategies, new technologies, and novel applications. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the microorganisms that have demonstrated their capacity to degrade pesticides and those categorized by the World Health Organization as important for the impact they may have on human health. A comprehensive list of microorganisms is presented, and some metabolic pathways and enzymes for pesticide degradation and the genetics behind this process are discussed. Due to the high number of microorganisms known to be capable of degrading pesticides and the low number of metabolic pathways that are fully described for this purpose, more research must be conducted in this field, and more enzymes and genes are yet to be discovered with the possibility of finding more efficient metabolic pathways for pesticide biodegradation.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bacteria; Fungi; Agriculture
PubMed: 37958952
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115969 -
Biomaterials Translational 2022Microorganisms with innate and artificial advantages have been regarded as intelligent drug delivery systems for cancer therapy with the help of engineering technology.... (Review)
Review
Microorganisms with innate and artificial advantages have been regarded as intelligent drug delivery systems for cancer therapy with the help of engineering technology. Although numerous studies have confirmed the promising prospects of microorganisms in cancer, several problems such as immunogenicity and toxicity should be addressed before further clinical applications. This review aims to investigate the development of engineered microorganism-based delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy. The main types of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, and their components and characteristics are introduced in detail. Moreover, the engineering strategies and biomaterials design of microorganisms are further discussed. Most importantly, we discuss the innovative attempts and therapeutic effects of engineered microorganisms in cancer. Taken together, engineered microorganism-based delivery systems hold tremendous promise for biomedical applications in targeted cancer therapy.
PubMed: 36654778
DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.03.004 -
Infection & Chemotherapy Jun 2021Pyogenic spondylitis requires long-term antibiotics treatment and identification of the etiologic microorganism is essential. The first test in the microbiologic... (Review)
Review
Pyogenic spondylitis requires long-term antibiotics treatment and identification of the etiologic microorganism is essential. The first test in the microbiologic diagnosis of pyogenic spondylitis is a blood culture. Any microorganisms that grow in blood culture are highly likely to be the etiological microorganisms of pyogenic spondylitis. If the microbial etiology cannot be defined by the blood culture, a needle biopsy is performed on the inflamed tissues. Here, it is recommended that paraspinal tissues, rather than spinal tissues, are collected to increase the positive rate in tissue culture. If the microbial etiology cannot be defined by the first needle biopsy, another needle biopsy may be performed. The collected tissue sample is used in culture tests on bacteria and mycobacteria as well as pathological tests. If tuberculous spondylitis is suspected, polymerase chain reaction is carried out to detect . In the case that the etiological microorganisms cannot be identified, the data of the patient regarding age, sex, vertebrae involved, history of spinal surgery or procedure, previous or concurrent urinary tract or intra-abdominal infection are analyzed. Based on this the most probable microbial etiology is determined to select the antibiotics to be used in the empiric treatment.
PubMed: 34216118
DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0054 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2024Inspired by the mechanism by which microorganisms utilize siderophores to ingest iron, four different Fe complexes of typical artificial siderophore ligands containing... (Review)
Review
Inspired by the mechanism by which microorganisms utilize siderophores to ingest iron, four different Fe complexes of typical artificial siderophore ligands containing catecholate and/or hydroxamate groups, K[Fe-L], K[Fe-L], K[Fe-L], and [Fe-L], were prepared. They were modified on an Au substrate surface (Fe-L/Au) and applied as microorganism immobilization devices for fast, sensitive, selective detection of microorganisms, where HL, HL, HL, and HL denote the tri-catecholate, biscatecholate-monohydroxamate, monocatecholate-bishydroxamate, and tri-hydroxamate type of artificial siderophores, respectively. Their adsorption properties for the several microorganisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The artificial siderophore-iron complexes modified on the Au substrates Fe-L/Au, Fe-L/Au, Fe-L/Au, and Fe-L/Au showed specific microorganism immobilization behavior with selectivity based on the structure of the artificial siderophores. Their specificities corresponded well with the structural characteristics of natural siderophores that microorganisms release from the cell and/or use to take up an iron. These findings suggest that release and uptake are achieved through specific interactions between the artificial siderophore-Fe complexes and receptors on the cell surfaces of microorganisms. This study revealed that Fe-L/Au systems have specific potential to serve as effective immobilization probes of microorganisms for rapid, selective detection and identification of a variety of microorganisms.
Topics: Siderophores; Gold; Iron; Adsorption; Cells, Immobilized; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ligands; Catechols; Hydroxamic Acids
PubMed: 38825473
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00197-3 -
Microorganisms Jun 2023Inada and Ido identified sp. as the pathogen responsible for Weil's Disease in 1915. Later, it was confirmed that Leptospira causes leptospirosis. The host... (Review)
Review
Inada and Ido identified sp. as the pathogen responsible for Weil's Disease in 1915. Later, it was confirmed that Leptospira causes leptospirosis. The host microorganism's interaction at the cellular level remained misunderstood for many years. Although different bacterial components have been isolated and purified, the complexity of the molecular interactions between these components and the host and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the systemic dysfunctions still needs to be fully unveiled. Leptospirosis affects virtually all animal species. Its cellular pathophysiology must involve a ubiquitous cellular mechanism in all eukaryotes. Na/K-ATPase is the molecular target of the leptospiral endotoxin (glycolipoprotein-GLP). Na/K-ATPase dysfunctions on different types of cells give rise to the organ disorders manifested in leptospirosis. Concomitantly, the development of a peculiar metabolic disorder characterized by dyslipidemia, with increased levels of circulating free fatty acids and an imbalance in the fatty acid/albumin molar ratio, triggers events of cellular lipotoxicity. Synergistically, multiple molecular stimuli are prompted during the infection, activating inflammasomes and Na/K-ATPase signalosome, leading to pro-inflammatory and metabolic alterations during leptospirosis. Leptospirosis involves diverse molecular mechanisms and alteration in patient inflammatory and metabolic status. Nonetheless, Na/K-ATPase is critical in the disease, and it is targeted by GLP, its components, and other molecules, such as fatty acids, that inhibit or trigger intracellular signaling through this enzyme. Herein, we overview the role of Na/K-ATPase during leptospirosis infection as a potential therapeutic target or an indicator of disease severity.
PubMed: 37512868
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071695 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication after arthroplasty. Its management combines surgical intervention, whose type depends on the clinical... (Review)
Review
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication after arthroplasty. Its management combines surgical intervention, whose type depends on the clinical situation, and prolonged high-dose antibiotics adapted to the responsible microorganism(s) and the patient. Antibiotics are only one part of the therapeutic regimen and are closely related to the surgical strategy. Their efficacy depends to a large extent on the choice and quality of the surgical procedure, and the quality of the microbiological diagnosis. Although guidelines have been published, many aspects of antibiotic therapy remain poorly established. Choosing the optimal agent(s) is one aspect, with others being optimization of drugs' pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters, the choice of administration route, use of monotherapy or combination regimens, therapeutic drug-monitoring and patient education to improve compliance and tolerance. Herein, we address PJI management based on recent literature data, guidelines and the experience of our referral center for complex bone-and-joint infections.
PubMed: 35453237
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040486