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PloS One 2016Land application of swine manure in commercial hog farms is an integral part of their waste management system which recycles the nutrients back to the soil. However,...
Land application of swine manure in commercial hog farms is an integral part of their waste management system which recycles the nutrients back to the soil. However, manure application can lead to the dissemination of bacterial pathogens in the environment and pose a serious public health threat. The aim of this study was to determine the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in the environment due to manure application in commercial swine farms in North Carolina (n = 6) and Iowa (n = 7), two leading pork producing states in the US. We collected manure and soil samples twice on day 0 (before and after manure application) from four distinct plots of lands (5 soil samples/plot) located at 20 feet away from each other in the field. Subsequent soil samples were collected again on days 7, 14, 21 from the same plots. A total of 1,300 soil samples (NC = 600; IA = 700) and 130 manure samples (NC = 60; IA = 70) were collected and analyzed in this study. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 13.22% (189/1,430), represented by 10.69% and 38.46% prevalence in soil and manure, respectively. The prevalence in NC (25.45%) was significantly higher than in IA (2.73%) (P<0.001) and a consistent decrease in Salmonella prevalence was detected from Day 0-Day 21 in all the farms that tested positive. Salmonella serotypes detected in NC were not detected in IA, thereby highlighting serotype association based on manure storage and soil application method used in the two regions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the broth microdilution method to a panel of 15 antimicrobial drugs. A high frequency of isolates (58.73%) were multidrug resistant (resistance to three or more class of antimicrobials) and the most frequent resistance was detected against streptomycin (88.36%), sulfisoxazole (67.2%), and tetracycline (57.67%). Genotypic characterization by pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed clonally related Salmonella in both manure and soil at multiple time points in the positive farms. Our study highlights the potential role of swine manure application in the dissemination and persistence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in the environment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Environment; Manure; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Serogroup; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline
PubMed: 27755598
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164621 -
Nature Communications Feb 2021
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Extracellular Vesicles; Receptors, Endothelin; Sulfisoxazole
PubMed: 33579906
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21075-w -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. serovar Rissen is one of the important serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and...
spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. serovar Rissen is one of the important serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging . Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. . Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). . Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other . Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, s ceftriaxone, c ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the . Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Rissen infections.
PubMed: 33007986
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100660 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2019In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to...
In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to 2016 from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia. In our previous study, 496 were isolated from surface water, out of which, 34 isolates were resistant to antimicrobials. For the current study, these 34 AR were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, AR gene detection, plasmid replicon typing, class I integron detection, and multi-locus sequence typing. Genes were identified as conferring resistance to azithromycin ((A)); β-lactams (, , ); chloramphenicol (); streptomycin (, ); sulfisoxazole (, ); tetracycline (, , ); and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (, ). Five ciprofloxacin- and/or nalidixic-resistant isolates contained point mutations in and/or . Most of the isolates (n = 28) carried plasmids and three were positive for class I integrons. Twenty-nine sequence types (ST) were detected, including three epidemic urinary-tract-infection-associated ST131 isolates. One of the ST131 isolates exhibited an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and carried and . To our knowledge, this is the first study on the emergence of an ESBL-producing ST131 from environmental water in the USA, which poses a potential risk to human health through the recreational, agricultural, or municipal use of this natural resource. This study identified with AR mechanisms to commonly used antimicrobials and carrying mobile genetic elements, which could transfer AR genes to other bacteria in the aquatic environment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Environmental Monitoring; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Georgia; Humans; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 31591305
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193761 -
PloS One 2020Staphylococcus warneri is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is a normal inhabitant of the skin. It is also considered to be an opportunistic etiological agent...
Staphylococcus warneri is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is a normal inhabitant of the skin. It is also considered to be an opportunistic etiological agent causing significant infections in human and animals. Currently, relatively little attention has been paid to the genome biology of S. warneri pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, which are emerging issues for this etiological agent with considerably clinical significance. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of S. warneri strain GD01 recovered from the sampled muscle abscess tissue of a diseased pig in South China. The genome of S. warneri is composed of a circular chromosome of 2,473,911 base pairs as well as eight plasmid sequences. Genome-wide metabolic reconstruction revealed 82 intact functional modules driving the catabolism of respiration and fermentation for energy production, uptake of distinct sugars as well as two-component regulatory systems. The evidence uncovered herein enables better understanding for metabolic potential and physiological traits of this etiological agent. The antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that S. warneri GD01 was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefalexin, vancomycin, and sulfisoxazole. The associations between antibiotic phenotypes and the related genotypes were identified to reveal the molecular basis conferring resistance to this pathogen. A number of genes coding for potential virulence factors were firstly depicted in the genome of S. warneri GD01, including adhesins, exoenzymes, capsule, and iron acquisition proteins. Our study provides a valuable genomic context of the genes/modules devoting to metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of S. warneri.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; DNA, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus; Swine; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32442199
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233363 -
International Journal of Infectious... Feb 2021Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica is a major global concern. Recent findings suggest that colistin as a last resort treatment for multidrug-resistant...
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica is a major global concern. Recent findings suggest that colistin as a last resort treatment for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria is seriously threatened by the report of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in China.
METHODS
A total of 827 S. Typhimurium isolates were recovered from 4 cities of China, including Henan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Hubei provinces. Subsequently, mcr-1 presence was identified by PCR screening. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution using a 96-well microtiter plate. Plasmid conjugation transfer experiments were conducted using Escherichia coli J53 as the recipient.
RESULTS
Only one mcr-1 positive strain from the stool sample of an infant with acute diarrhea was isolated. Apart from colistin, the mcr-1-positive isolate showed co-resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, gentamicin, and cefotaxime revealing a multidrug-resistant phenotype. This strain harbored mcr-1 on a 227 kb IncHI2 plasmid, termed pJZ26, which could be transferred to E. coli J53. In addition to mcr-1, pJZ26 coharbored other resistance genes, including aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, fosA, floR, sul2, and bla. Compared with p2474-MCR1 and pHYEC7-IncHI2, pJZ26 contains an additional 4.6 kb fragment harboring the resistance gene tet(A) and its regulator tetR located on TnAs1 transposable element, which could mediate resistance to tetracycline.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight that the fact the mcr-1-harboring plasmid pJZ26 has a high potential to disseminate the mcr-1 gene and further challenge the clinical treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Infant; Plasmids; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium; Serogroup
PubMed: 33212253
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.150 -
PloS One 2015The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to investigate the associations between exposures to antimicrobial...
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to investigate the associations between exposures to antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) and AMR in fecal non-type specific Escherichia coli (NTSEC) recovered from a large population of feedlot cattle. Two-stage random sampling was used to select individually identified cattle for enrollment, which were sampled at arrival and then a second time later in the feeding period. Advanced regression techniques were used to estimate resistance prevalences, and to investigate associations between AMD exposures in enrolled cattle and penmates and AMR identified in NTSEC recovered from the second sample set. Resistance was most commonly detected to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole, and was rarely identified for critically important AMDs. All cattle were exposed to AMDs in feed, and 45% were treated parenterally. While resistance prevalence generally increased during the feeding period, most AMD exposures were not significantly associated with AMR outcomes. Exposures of enrolled cattle to tetracycline were associated with increased resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim sulfa, while beta-lactam exposures were associated with decreased likelihood of detecting streptomycin resistance. Pen-level AMD exposure measures were not associated with resistance outcomes. These findings suggest that tetracycline treatment of feedlot cattle can be associated with modest increases in risk for recovery of resistant NTSEC, but the numerous treatments with an advanced macrolide (tulathromycin) were not associated with detectable increases in resistance in NTSEC. All cattle were exposed to in-feed treatments of tetracycline and this could limit the ability to identify the full impact of these exposures, but these exposures varied for enrolled cattle varied, providing an opportunity to evaluate a dose response. While AMD exposures were not associated with detectably increased risks for resistance to critically important AMDs, rare resistance outcomes and infrequent exposure to other important AMDs (e.g., cephalosporins) limited our ability to rigorously investigate questions regarding factors that can influence resistance to these important AMDs.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 26633649
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143995 -
Journal of Food Protection Sep 2018Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens found in retail fresh meat products. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Salmonella that is found...
Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens found in retail fresh meat products. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Salmonella that is found in common types of fresh ground meats available to consumers in grocery stores in the Brookings, South Dakota, area. Salmonella serotypes were detected in 50 (19%) of 261 retail fresh ground meat samples, with 2 (2%) of 115 ground turkey samples, 6 (14%) of 42 chicken samples, and 42 (40%) of 104 ground pork samples testing positive for Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq genome sequencer. The resulting genomic sequences were analyzed to determine the serotypes of the isolates and to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The Salmonella isolated from the ground meats belonged to 23 different serotypes. The predominant serotype isolated from ground chicken was Enteriditis (5 of 6, 83%). Among the ground pork isolates, the most common serotypes were the potential monophasic variant of Typhimurium (5 of 42, 12%), Uganda (5 of 42, 12%), Anatum (4 of 42, 10%), Derby (3 of 42, 7%), Infantis (3 of 42, 7%), and London (3 of 42, 7%). Among the 45 Salmonella isolates tested to determine their resistance to common veterinary antibiotics, 25 (56%) were found to be susceptible to all 14 antibiotics tested, 11 (24%) were resistant to 1 antibiotic, 4 (9%) were resistant to 2 antibiotics, 1 (2%) was resistant to 3 antibiotics, 2 (4%) were resistant to 4 antibiotics, 1 (2%) was resistant to 8 antibiotics, and 1 (2%) was resistant to 10 antibiotics. The most common antibiotic resistances observed in this study were to streptomycin (15 of 45, 33%), tetracycline (11 of 45, 24%), and sulfisoxazole (7 of 45, 16%). The results of phenotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates correlated well with the antibiotic resistance genes detected in the genomic sequences of the isolates.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Food Contamination; Meat Products; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Poultry Products; Salmonella; South Dakota; Swine; Turkeys
PubMed: 30118346
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-076 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023Sulfonamides circulating in the environment lead to disturbances in food chains and local ecosystems, but most importantly contribute to development of resistance genes,...
Sulfonamides circulating in the environment lead to disturbances in food chains and local ecosystems, but most importantly contribute to development of resistance genes, which generate problems with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections treatment. In urban areas, sources of sulfonamide distribution in soils have received comparatively less attention in contrast to rural regions, where animal-derived manure, used as a natural fertilizer, is considered the main source. The aim of this study was to determine eight sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfisoxazole) in environmental soil samples collected from urbanized regions in Silesian Voivodeship with increased animal activity. These soils were grouped according to the organic carbon content. It was necessary to develop versatile and efficient extraction and determination method to analyze selected sulfonamides in various soil types. The developed LC-MS/MS method for sulfonamides analyzing was validated. The obtained recoveries exceeded 45% for soil with medium organic carbon content and 88% for sample with a very low organic carbon content (arenaceous quartz). The obtained results show the high impact of organic matter on analytes adsorption in soil, which influences recovery. All eight sulfa drugs were determined in environmental samples in the concentration range 1.5-10.5 ng g. The transformation products of the analytes were also identified, and 29 transformation products were detected in 24 out of 27 extracts from soil samples.
Topics: Animals; Sulfonamides; Soil; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Poland; Ecosystem; Sulfanilamide; Carbon; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37843710
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30146-y -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021The mechanism of sulfisoxazole (SFF) selective removal by photocatalysis in the presence of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO) and iron (III) chloride (FeCl) was explained and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The mechanism of sulfisoxazole (SFF) selective removal by photocatalysis in the presence of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO) and iron (III) chloride (FeCl) was explained and the kinetics and degradation pathways of SFF and other antibiotics were compared. The effects of selected inorganic ions, oxygen conditions, pH, sorption processes and formation of coordination compounds on the photocatalytic process in the presence of TiO were also determined. The Fe compounds added to the irradiated sulfonamide (SN) solution underwent surface sorption on TiO particles and act as acceptors of excited electrons. Most likely, the SFF degradation is also intensified by organic radicals or cation organic radicals. These radicals can be initially generated by reaction with electron holes, hydroxyl radicals and as a result of electron transfer mediated by iron ions and then participate in propagation processes. The high sensitivity of SFF to decomposition caused by organic radicals is associated with the steric effect and the high bond polarity of the amide substituent.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catalysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Organic Chemicals; Photolysis; Sulfisoxazole; Sulfonamides; Titanium; Water Purification
PubMed: 34445408
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168696