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The Journal of Antimicrobial... Aug 2015The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in...
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in England.
METHODS
Clinical isolates collected between 1998 and 2011 were tested for resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamide. The genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was determined by shotgun WGS analysis and the subsequent isolation and sequencing of plasmids.
RESULTS
A total of 16 (out of 106) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were resistant to both trimethoprim (MIC >32 mg/L) and sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L), and a further 32 were resistant only to sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L). Genome sequence data for the trimethoprim-resistant isolates revealed the presence of the dfrA14 dihydrofolate reductase gene. The distribution of plasmid sequences in multiple contigs suggested the presence of two distinct dfrA14-containing plasmids in different isolates, which was confirmed by plasmid isolation and sequencing. Both plasmids encoded mobilization genes, the sulphonamide resistance gene sul2, as well as dfrA14 inserted into strA, a streptomycin-resistance-associated gene, although the gene order differed between the two plasmids. One of the plasmids further encoded the strB streptomycin-resistance-associated gene.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first description of mobilizable plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae and, to our knowledge, the first report of dfrA14 in any member of the Pasteurellaceae. The identification of dfrA14 conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates will facilitate PCR screens for resistance to this important antimicrobial.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; England; Genome, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfisoxazole; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim Resistance
PubMed: 25957382
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv121 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022In this work, new electrochemical sensors based on the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-rare metal oxides (REMO)...
In this work, new electrochemical sensors based on the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-rare metal oxides (REMO) nanocomposites were fabricated by drop-to-drop method of MWCNTs-REMO dispersion in ethanol. REMO nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation followed by hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C in absence and presence of Triton X-100 surfactant. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis using MWCNTs-CeO@GCE and MWCNTs-YbO@GCE sensors were used for the analysis of sulfisoxazole (SFX) drug in water samples. The results of CV analysis showed that MWCNTs-REMO@GCE sensors have up to 40-fold higher sensitivity with CeO compared to the bare GCE sensor. The estimated values of the limit of detection (LoD) of this electrochemical sensing using MWCNTs-CeO@GCE and MWCNTs-YbO@GCE electrodes reached 0.4 and 0.7 μM SFX in phosphate buffer pH = 7, respectively. These findings indicate that MWCNTs-REMO@GCE electrodes are potential sensors for analysis of sulfonamide drugs in water and biological samples.
Topics: Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Nanotubes, Carbon; Oxides; Phosphates; Sulfisoxazole
PubMed: 35335394
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062033 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020This study aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and generic from a One Health continuum of the beef production...
A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings.
This study aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and generic from a One Health continuum of the beef production system in Alberta, Canada. A total of 705 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC) were obtained from: cattle feces (CFeces, = 382), catch basins (CBasins, = 137), surrounding streams (SStreams, = 59), beef processing plants (BProcessing, = 4), municipal sewage (MSewage; = 98) and human clinical specimens (CHumans, = 25). Generic isolates (663) included: CFeces ( = 142), CBasins ( = 185), SStreams ( = 81), BProcessing ( = 159) and MSewage ( = 96). All isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility to 9 antimicrobials and two clavulanic acid combinations. In ESC oxytetracycline (87.7%), ampicillin (84.4%) and streptomycin (73.8%) resistance phenotypes were the most common, with source influencing AMR prevalence ( < 0.001). In generic oxytetracycline (51.1%), streptomycin (22.6%), ampicillin (22.5%) and sulfisoxazole (14.3%) resistance were most common. Overall, 88.8% of ESC, and 26.7% of generic isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR in ESC was high from all sources: CFeces (97.1%), MSewage (96.9%), CHumans (96%), BProcessing (100%), CBasins (70.5%) and SStreams (61.4%). MDR in generic was lower with CFeces (45.1%), CBasins (34.6%), SStreams (23.5%), MSewage (13.6%) and BProcessing (10.7%). ESBL phenotypes were confirmed in 24.7% ( = 174) ESC and 0.6% of generic . Prevalence of genes in ESC were (30.1%), (21.6%), (20%), (7.9%), (3.0%), (6.4%), (1.4%) and AmpC β-lactamase (81.3%). The lower AMR in ESC from SStreams and BProcessing and higher AMR in CHumans and CFeces likely reflects antimicrobial use in these environments. Although MDR levels were higher in ESC as compared to generic , AMR to the same antimicrobials ranked high in both ESC and generic sub-populations. This suggests that both sub-populations reflect similar AMR trends and are equally useful for AMR surveillance. Considering that MDR ESC MSewage isolates were obtained without enrichment, while those from CFeces were obtained with enrichment, MSewage may serve as a hot spot for MDR emergence and dissemination.
PubMed: 32545206
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060885 -
BMC Microbiology Sep 2019This study is based on data collected to investigate the relation of peri-parturient events (colostrum quality, passive transfer of immunity, calving difficulty) on calf...
Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: a cross sectional and ecological study.
BACKGROUND
This study is based on data collected to investigate the relation of peri-parturient events (colostrum quality, passive transfer of immunity, calving difficulty) on calf health and antimicrobial use. A component of the study was to provide feedback to farm management to identify calves at risk for disease and promote antimicrobial stewardship. At the start of the study (May 2016), a combination of enrofloxacin, penicillin, and sulfamethoxazole was the first treatment given to clinically abnormal calves. Based on feedback and interaction between study investigators, farm management and consulting veterinarians, a new policy was implemented to reduce antimicrobial use in calves. In August, the first treatment was changed to a combination of ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole. In September, the first treatment was reduced to only sulfamethoxazole. We investigated the effects of these policy changes in antimicrobial use on resistance in commensal Escherichia coli.
RESULTS
We enrolled 4301 calves at birth and documented antimicrobial use until weaning. Most calves (99.4%) received antimicrobials and 70.4% received a total of 2-4 treatments. Antimicrobial use was more intense in younger calves (≤ 28 days) relative to older calves. We isolated 544 E. coli from fecal samples obtained from 132 calves. We determined resistance to 12 antimicrobials and 85% of the isolates were resistant to at least 3 antimicrobial classes. We performed latent class analysis to identify underlying unique classes where isolates shared resistance patterns and selected a solution with 4 classes. The least resistant class had isolates that were mainly resistant to only tetracycline and sulfisoxazole. The other 3 classes comprised isolates with resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracycline, in addition to either ceftiofur; or nalidixic acid; or ciprofloxacin plus nalidixic acid and ceftiofur. Overall, E coli from younger calves and calves that received multiple treatments were more likely to have extensive resistance including resistance to fluoroquinolones and ceftiofur. In general, there was a declining trend in resistance to most antimicrobials during and after policy changes were implemented, except for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and gentamicin.
CONCLUSIONS
Information feedback to farms can influence farm managers to reduce antimicrobial use and this can change endemic farm resistance patterns.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dairying; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Feces; Feedback; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Weaning
PubMed: 31514734
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Using multiple antimicrobials in food animals may incubate genetically-linked multidrug-resistance (MDR) in enteric bacteria, which can contaminate meat at slaughter....
Using multiple antimicrobials in food animals may incubate genetically-linked multidrug-resistance (MDR) in enteric bacteria, which can contaminate meat at slaughter. The U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System tested 21,243 chicken-associated between 2004 and 2012 for resistance to 15 antimicrobials, resulting in >32,000 possible MDR patterns. We analyzed MDR patterns in this dataset with association rule mining, also called market-basket analysis. The association rules were pruned with four quality measures resulting in a <1% false-discovery rate. MDR rules were more stable across consecutive years than between slaughter and retail. Rules were decomposed into networks with antimicrobials as nodes and rules as edges. A strong subnetwork of beta-lactam resistance existed in each year and the beta-lactam resistances also had strong associations with sulfisoxazole, gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline resistances. The association rules concur with previously identified resistance patterns but provide significant flexibility for studying MDR in large datasets.
PubMed: 31031716
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00687 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2016Escherichia coli O157 (EcO157) infections can lead to serious disease and death in humans. Although the ecology of EcO157 is complex, ruminant animals serve as an...
Escherichia coli O157 (EcO157) infections can lead to serious disease and death in humans. Although the ecology of EcO157 is complex, ruminant animals serve as an important reservoir for human infection. Dairy cattle are unique because they may be a source of contamination for milk, meat, and manure-fertilized crops. Foodborne dairy pathogens such as EcO157 are of primary importance to public health. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex phenomenon that complicates the treatment of serious bacterial infections and is of increasing concern. In the face of recommended use restrictions for antimicrobial agents in livestock operations, current AMR patterns in known foodborne pathogens should be documented. The objective of this study was to document AMR patterns in EcO157 isolates from dairies in northern Colorado using antimicrobial agents commonly found on dairies and representative of medically important antimicrobial drug classes. Seventy-five EcO157 isolates were recovered from three dairies. Six isolates were resistant to at least 1 of the 10 tested antimicrobial agents: four were resistant to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline; one was resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline; and one was resistant to only tetracycline. All resistant isolates were from a single dairy. Overall, a low prevalence (8%) of AMR was observed among the 75 EcO157 isolates. No significant effects on AMR profiles due to virulence genes, parity, or previous antimicrobial treatments within the current lactation period were detected. The results of this study provide background information for future comparative studies investigating AMR trends. Future studies should include more participating farms and more samples and should control for potential confounding factors of AMR that may underlie individual farm variation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cephalosporins; Colorado; Dairying; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli O157; Fluoroquinolones; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk; Penicillins; Red Meat; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 26939660
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-321 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2020Contamination of retail foods with foodborne pathogens, particularly the antimicrobial resistant ones, poses a persistent threat to human health. There is a dearth of...
Contamination of retail foods with foodborne pathogens, particularly the antimicrobial resistant ones, poses a persistent threat to human health. There is a dearth of information about the overlapping () lineages circulating among retail foods and humans in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the clonal diversity of 120 isolates from diarrheic patients (n = 32), retail chicken carcasses (n = 61) and ground beef (n = 27) from Mansoura, Egypt using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Simpson's index of diversity was calculated to compare the results of both typing methods. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, genotypes and phylogrouping of the isolates were also determined. Higher frequencies of antimicrobial resistance were found among chicken isolates compared to beef and human isolates; regardless of isolate source, the predominant antimicrobial resistances were found against ampicillin (87/120, 72.5%), tetracycline and sulfisoxazole (82/120, 68.3%, each), and streptomycin (79/120, 65.8%). None of the isolates displayed resistance to meropenem. The prevalent genes detected were (64.2%), (62.5%), (56.7%), (53.3%), (50%), (48.3%) and (47.5%) corresponding with resistance phenotypes. Alarmingly, was detected in 63.9% (39/61) of chicken isolates. The majority of isolates from humans (90.6%), beef (81.5%) and chicken (70.5%) belonged to commensal phylogroups (A, B1, C). Using PFGE analysis, 16 out of 24 clusters (66.7%) contained isolates from different sources at a similarity level ≥75%. MLST results assigned isolates into 25, 19 and 13 sequence types (STs) from chicken, human and beef isolates, respectively. Six shared STs were identified including ST1011, ST156, ST48, ST224 (chicken and beef), ST10 (human and chicken) and ST226 (human and beef). Simpson's index of diversity was higher for MLST (0.98) than PFGE (0.94). In conclusion, the existence of common genetic determinants among isolates from retail foods and humans in Egypt as well as the circulation of shared STs indicates a possible epidemiological link with potential zoonotic hazards.
PubMed: 32397188
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050357 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2020Between 2002 and 2017, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) recovered 5,803 Salmonella isolates from retail meat samples of chicken parts,...
ABSTRACT
Between 2002 and 2017, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) recovered 5,803 Salmonella isolates from retail meat samples of chicken parts, ground turkey, pork chops, and ground beef collected in 21 states. NARMS tested these isolates for susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole), sulfisoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. To evaluate possible geographic differences in the prevalence and distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, we used a chi-square test of association. We used the U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Investigation, Enforcement and Audit map for the regional subdivisions. A significant association was found between region, Salmonella prevalence, and Salmonella resistance to all tested antimicrobials except cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. The Northeast region was the most influential contributor to overall prevalence and resistance to most of the antimicrobials tested, and Salmonella Typhimurium was the serotype driving these associations. Although this work did not elucidate the reasons for differences in prevalence and antimicrobial resistance for Salmonella Typhimurium strains in the Northeast, lack of certain resistance mechanisms in Salmonella strains from other regions was ruled out by analysis of 484 sequences from the 485 isolates resistant to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Food Safety; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence
PubMed: 31913707
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-19-549 -
Poultry Science Jul 2021The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and genotypic analyses of the dominating serovars of Salmonella in...
Clonal dissemination of Salmonella enterica serovar albany with concurrent resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid in broiler chicken in Korea.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and genotypic analyses of the dominating serovars of Salmonella in chickens from a national study in Korea. Between 2017 and 2018, a total of 550 chicken samples were collected from the top 12 integrated broiler chicken operations in Korea. Salmonella was isolated from 117 (32.5%) chicken feces and 19 (10.0%) retail chicken meat sources. Ten serovars were identified, and the most common Salmonella serovar was Salmonella ser. Albany (50 isolates, 36.8%), followed by S. Enteritidis (38 isolates, 27.9%), and S. Montevideo (23 isolates, 16.9%) isolated from 6, 10, and 6 operations, respectively. A total of 35 (25.7%) isolates were with the ACSSuTN (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid) resistance pattern, with high prevalence of this resistance pattern in S. Albany (29 isolates, 58.0%). A total of 35 PFGE types were identified among Salmonella isolates of the serovars Albany, Enteritidis, Virchow, Montevideo, and Senftenberg, while 11 distinct types of PFGE patterns were found among S. Albany isolates, which showed an overall homology similarity of higher than 85%. Among these 35 PFGE types, 22 PFGE types corresponded to 32 isolates from samples limited to one operation, and the other 13 PFGE types corresponded to 72 isolates from samples widely distributed among different operations. These results highlighted rapid colony dissemination of multidrug-resistant S. Albany in chicken all over Korea after it first appeared in 2016; furthermore, the spread of Salmonella colonies between various integrated operations was common, and several operations played an important role in Salmonella carriage and transmission in Korea.
Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Republic of Korea; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica; Serogroup; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline
PubMed: 34089935
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101141 -
Microorganisms Jun 2021Monitoring antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in poultry is critical for food safety. We aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in isolated...
Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella from Commercial Poultry as Influenced by Microbiological Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods.
Monitoring antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in poultry is critical for food safety. We aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in isolated from poultry samples as influenced by isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. isolates were cultured from a convenience sample of commercial broiler ceca with and without selective broth enrichment, and resistance phenotypes were determined for 14 antimicrobials using the Sensititre platform and a qualitative broth breakpoint assay. The broth breakpoint method reported higher resistance to chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and lower resistance to streptomycin as compared to the Sensititre assay in trial one. Selective enrichment of samples containing in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth reported lowered detectable resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and meropenem, and increased resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline than direct-plating samples in trial one. Using matched isolates in trial two, the Sensititre assay reported higher resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamicin, and lower resistance to nalidixic acid as compared to the broth breakpoint method. These results suggest methodology is a critical consideration in the detection and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in isolates from poultry samples and could affect the accuracy of population or industry surveillance insights and intervention strategies.
PubMed: 34204397
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061319