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Nature Communications Feb 2021
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Extracellular Vesicles; Receptors, Endothelin; Sulfisoxazole
PubMed: 33579909
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21074-x -
Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood and water environment in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Nov 2018A total of 449 samples including 385 seafood and 64 water samples in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam collected in 2015 and 2016 were examined. Of 385 seafood samples, 332...
A total of 449 samples including 385 seafood and 64 water samples in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam collected in 2015 and 2016 were examined. Of 385 seafood samples, 332 (86.2%) samples were contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 25 (6.5%) samples were pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying tdh and/or trh genes. The tdh gene positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were detected in 22 (5.7%) samples and trh gene positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were found in 5 (1.3%) samples. Of 25 pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains, two strains harbored both tdh and trh genes and the other 23 strains carried either tdh or trh gene. Of 64 water samples at aquaculture farms, 50 (78.1%) samples were contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus. No tdh gene positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were detected; meanwhile, trh gene positive V. parahaemolyticus strain was detected in 1 (1.6%) sample. Twenty-six pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated were classified into 6 types of O antigen, in which the serotype O3:K6 was detected in 4 strains. All pathogenic strains were group-specific PCR negative except for 4 O3:K6 strains. The result of antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that pathogenic strains showed high resistance rates to streptomycin (84.6%), ampicillin (57.7%) and sulfisoxazole (57.7%). These findings can be used for understanding microbiological risk of seafood in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; DNA, Bacterial; Decapoda; Mollusca; Seafood; Vibrio; Vietnam; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 30249937
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0241 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2015Escherichia albertii occasionally causes food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in humans; however, little is known about the vehicle of transmission. To screen retail...
Escherichia albertii occasionally causes food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in humans; however, little is known about the vehicle of transmission. To screen retail chicken products for the presence of E. albertii, 104 retail chicken products were investigated. Portions of enrichment cultures that were PCR-positive for E. albertii (n=3) were sub-cultured on agar medium. Only 2 strains obtained from 2 chicken giblet samples were identified as E. albertii by multi locus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 1 strain was resistant to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole. Both strains harbored the virulence genes cdt and eae. This study is the first description of E. albertii isolation from retail food, suggesting that chicken products are a potential vehicle of E. albertii transmission.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chickens; Escherichia; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny
PubMed: 25754935
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0640 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Poultry products such as eggs provide essential nutrients to the human body and thus play vital roles in the human food network. is one of the most notorious foodborne...
Poultry products such as eggs provide essential nutrients to the human body and thus play vital roles in the human food network. is one of the most notorious foodborne pathogens and has been found to be prevalent in eggs. To better understand the characteristics of in eggs, we investigated the prevalence of spp. in 814 fresh eggs collected from poultry farms and retail marketplaces in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. The serotype, genotype, and antibiotic susceptibilities of 61 isolates recovered from the eggs were analyzed. The average detection rate of -positive eggs was 5.6%, with 6.6% of the eggs collected from poultry farms and 5.1% from marketplaces. Thirteen serotypes were identified from the 61 isolates, among which Typhimurium (24.5%) and Indiana (22.9%) were the most prevalent serotypes. Other dominant serotypes included Thompson (13.1%) and Enteritidis (11.4%), with the remaining nine serotypes detected at low rates (1.6-4.9%). All the isolates tested were resistant to sulfisoxazole (100.0%). The majority (77.1%) of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin, while nearly two-thirds (63.9-68.9%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. The rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin was 40.1%; the resistance rates to streptomycin, ceftiofur, and ceftriaxone ranged from 21.3 to 26.2%; and those to gentamicin, amikacin, and cefoxitin were relatively low (3.3-16.4%). Forty-nine (80.3%) isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, 20 (32.8%) of which were resistant to at least 10 antibiotics. Subtyping by pulse-field gel electrophoresis revealed a close genetic relatedness of isolates from poultry farms, in striking contrast to the high diversity of the isolates obtained from marketplaces. Isolates of the same serotype always shared identical genotype and antibiotic resistance profiles, even the ones that were recovered from eggs sampled at different locations and times. These findings indicate that diverse spp. with high rates of multidrug resistance are prevalent in fresh eggs in the study area. More attention should be paid to egg production, transportation, and storage to prevent foodborne outbreaks caused by .
PubMed: 32903897
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01482 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Feb 2022Despite their potent antitumor activity, clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been significantly limited by their poor response rates (<30%) in...
Despite their potent antitumor activity, clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been significantly limited by their poor response rates (<30%) in cancer patients, primarily due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. As a representative immune escape mechanism, cancer-derived exosomes have recently been demonstrated to exhaust CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Here, it is reported that sulfisoxazole, a sulfonamide antibacterial, significantly decreases the exosomal PD-L1 level in blood when orally administered to the tumor-bearing mice. Consequently, sulfisoxazole effectively reinvigorates exhausted T cells, thereby eliciting robust antitumor effects in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. Overall, sulfisoxazole regulates immunosuppression through the inhibition of exosomal PD-L1, implying its potential to improve the response rate of anti-PD-1 antibodies.
Topics: Animals; B7-H1 Antigen; Exosomes; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunity; Mice; Neoplasms; Sulfisoxazole; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34927389
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103245 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2021Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological...
Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological relationship between field outbreak isolates of ser. Gallinarum. Thirty ser. Gallinarum isolates collected from poultry farms with FT outbreaks from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea were analyzed. All isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 18 antimicrobials tested and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and colistin. One isolate was resistant to 9 antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance profile, streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-colistin-nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-gentamicin (18/30, 60.0%), was the most prevalent. PFGE types were classified into 10 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for 30 field isolates. The dominant PFGE types were 1 (8/30, 26.7%), 4 (7/30, 23.3%), and 9 (5/30, 16.7%). Interestingly some isolates collected from the same and different companies had the same PFGE type. We reported a high MDR rate in ser. Gallinarum isolates. The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal spread and cyclic contamination of MDR ser. Gallinarum within the same company. Furthermore, we showed cross-contamination between different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful in the development of prevention and control strategies for MDR ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea.
PubMed: 35011189
DOI: 10.3390/ani12010083 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) has a major concern worldwide. This study was designed to determine the AR profiles and serovars distribution of isolated...
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) has a major concern worldwide. This study was designed to determine the AR profiles and serovars distribution of isolated from different breeds of breeder chickens in the province of Henan, China. For this, 2,139 dead embryo samples were collected from 28 breeder chicken hatcheries, representing two domestic and four foreign breeds. The samples were subjected to the isolation and identification of by PCR. The confirmed strains were serotyped according to the Kauffmann-White scheme and their AR profiles against 20 antimicrobial agents were determined by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion method. The results of this study showed the prevalence of in 504 strains (23.56%) with a high abundance in southern regions of Yellow River (28.66%, = 495, = 1,727) compared to the northern regions (2.18%, = 9, = 412) ( < 0.0001). The domestic breeds were more contaminated than imported breeds ( < 0.0001). However, the contamination rate of samples recovered from M-hatcheries was the highest ( < 0.0001). Serotyping method identified 12 serovars, with the dominance of . Pullorum (75.79%), followed by . Enteritidis (7.14%). The AR assay showed high resistant to ciprofloxacin (77.00%), sulfisoxazole (73.00%), and ampicillin (55.60%), as well as 98.81% ( = 498) of the isolated strains, were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 69.64% ( = 351) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among them, one strain of . Thompson was resistant to 15 antimicrobial agents belonging to eight different classes. In conclusion, strains isolated in this study were multidrug-resistant (MDR), presenting a serious problem for human and animal health. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor, control, and rationalize the use of antimicrobials agents in chicken farms in order to limit the increasing resistance against the recent antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chickens; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal
PubMed: 33042870
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00497 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2018Clinical isolates are important to antimicrobial resistance surveillance efforts because clinically ill animals are the direct targets of antimicrobial treatments. Thus,...
Clinical isolates are important to antimicrobial resistance surveillance efforts because clinically ill animals are the direct targets of antimicrobial treatments. Thus, clinical data may provide a surveillance tool for identifying emerging resistance threats. The purpose of this study was to describe resistance trends in and spp. from clinically ill animals over time and evaluate the utility of these laboratory data as a passive surveillance tool. Susceptibility results of isolates from chickens, swine, and cattle recovered between 2007 and 2015 at a major veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Ontario, Canada were analyzed. Relative to other antimicrobials tested, visible trends highlighted high resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline in chicken consistently high resistance to tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin among swine isolates, and an increase in cattle resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin over time. While the data show potential for use in surveillance, there are limitations of such a clinical dataset for predicting overall trends and guiding empirical treatment decisions.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Livestock; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ontario; Prevalence; Salmonella; Swine
PubMed: 29910475
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2018Surface waters are important sources of water for drinking, industrial, agricultural, and recreational uses; hence, contamination of water by fecal, pathogenic, or...
Surface waters are important sources of water for drinking, industrial, agricultural, and recreational uses; hence, contamination of water by fecal, pathogenic, or antimicrobial resistant (AR) bacteria is a major environmental and public health concern. However, very little data is available on prevalence of these bacteria in surface water throughout a watershed. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli present in the Upper Oconee Watershed, a mixed-use watershed in Athens, GA, USA for potential pathogenicity and AR. E. coli were enumerated by colony counts, cultured by enrichment and direct plating, and characterized by phylo-groups, diarrheagenic pathotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. From the analysis, 99.3% (455/458) of the total samples were positive for E. coli resulting in 496 isolates. E. coli counts were as high as 1.2×104 CFU/100 ml, which is above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) threshold for recreational water (235 CFU/100 ml based on a one-time measurement). Phylo-groups B2 (31.7%; 157/496) and B1 (30.8%; 153/496) were the most prevalent among the isolates. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (19/496) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (1/496) were the only diarrheagenic pathotypes detected. AR was observed in 6.9% (34/496) of the isolates, 15 of which were multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobials). Tetracycline resistance was most often detected (76.5%; 26/34), followed by ampicillin (32.4%; 11/34), streptomycin (23.5%; 8/34), sulfisoxazole (23.5%; 8/34), and nalidixic acid (14.7%; 5/34). Results from this study showed that E. coli is prevalent in high levels in the Upper Oconee Watershed, suggesting possible widespread fecal contamination. The presence of pathogenic, AR E. coli in the watershed indicates that environmental water can serve as a reservoir of resistant bacteria that may be transferred to humans through drinking and recreational activities.
Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Georgia; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 29738574
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197005 -
MSphere 2016The effects of animal agriculture on the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) are cross-cutting and thus require a multidisciplinary perspective. Here we use ecological,...
The effects of animal agriculture on the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) are cross-cutting and thus require a multidisciplinary perspective. Here we use ecological, epidemiological, and ethnographic methods to examine populations of Escherichia coli circulating in the production poultry farming environment versus the domestic environment in rural Ecuador, where small-scale poultry production employing nontherapeutic antibiotics is increasingly common. We sampled 262 "production birds" (commercially raised broiler chickens and laying hens) and 455 "household birds" (raised for domestic use) and household and coop environmental samples from 17 villages between 2010 and 2013. We analyzed data on zones of inhibition from Kirby-Bauer tests, rather than established clinical breakpoints for AR, to distinguish between populations of organisms. We saw significantly higher levels of AR in bacteria from production versus household birds; resistance to either amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalothin, cefotaxime, and gentamicin was found in 52.8% of production bird isolates and 16% of household ones. A strain jointly resistant to the 4 drugs was exclusive to a subset of isolates from production birds (7.6%) and coop surfaces (6.5%) and was associated with a particular purchase site. The prevalence of AR in production birds declined with bird age (P < 0.01 for all antibiotics tested except tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Farming status did not impact AR in domestic environments at the household or village level. Our results suggest that AR associated with small-scale poultry farming is present in the immediate production environment and likely originates from sources outside the study area. These outside sources might be a better place to target control efforts than local management practices. IMPORTANCE In developing countries, small-scale poultry farming employing antibiotics as growth promoters is being advanced as an inexpensive source of protein and income. Here, we present the results of a large ecoepidemiological study examining patterns of antibiotic resistance (AR) in E. coli isolates from small-scale poultry production environments versus domestic environments in rural Ecuador, where such backyard poultry operations have become established over the past decade. Our previous research in the region suggests that introduction of AR bacteria through travel and commerce may be an important source of AR in villages of this region. This report extends the prior analysis by examining small-scale production chicken farming as a potential source of resistant strains. Our results suggest that AR strains associated with poultry production likely originate from sources outside the study area and that these outside sources might be a better place to target control efforts than local management practices.
PubMed: 27303705
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00021-15