-
The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2018
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Humans; Male; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 30044934
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1716464 -
Nature Communications Apr 2021National-based prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute diarrhea was conducted in China between 2009‒2018. Here we report the etiological,...
National-based prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute diarrhea was conducted in China between 2009‒2018. Here we report the etiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of the 152,792 eligible patients enrolled in this analysis. Rotavirus A and norovirus are the two leading viral pathogens detected in the patients, followed by adenovirus and astrovirus. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and nontyphoidal Salmonella are the two leading bacterial pathogens, followed by Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Patients aged <5 years had higher overall positive rate of viral pathogens, while bacterial pathogens were more common in patients aged 18‒45 years. A joinpoint analysis revealed the age-specific positivity rate and how this varied for individual pathogens. Our findings fill crucial gaps of how the distributions of enteropathogens change across China in patients with diarrhea. This allows enhanced identification of the predominant diarrheal pathogen candidates for diagnosis in clinical practice and more targeted application of prevention and control measures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Caliciviridae Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Middle Aged; Norovirus; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Shigella; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Young Adult
PubMed: 33927201
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22551-z -
Research in Microbiology Dec 2014
Topics: Animals; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 25463383
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.009 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 2020is a large and diverse genus of bacteria, of which most are nonpathogenic species found in the aquatic environment. However, a subset of the genus includes several... (Review)
Review
is a large and diverse genus of bacteria, of which most are nonpathogenic species found in the aquatic environment. However, a subset of the genus includes several species that are highly pathogenic, either to humans or to aquatic animals. In recent years, , commonly known as the zebrafish, has emerged as a major animal model used for studying nearly every aspect of biology, including infectious diseases. Zebrafish are especially useful because the embryos are transparent, larvae are small and facilitate imaging studies, and numerous transgenic fish strains have been constructed. Zebrafish models for several pathogenic species have been described, and indeed a fish model is highly relevant for the study of aquatic bacterial pathogens. Here, we summarize the zebrafish models that have been used to study pathogenic species to date.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Virulence; Zebrafish
PubMed: 32778562
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00165-20 -
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections.Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2016The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be... (Review)
Review
The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be important human pathogens. They are concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish which are often consumed raw or undercooked, providing an important potential route of entry for an infective dose of these bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, chills and fever. Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar gastrointestinal-related symptoms, but can also spread to the bloodstream, resulting in primary septicaemia, and it can also cause disease via wound infections. The objective of this article is to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and importance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in South America, in environmental waters and seafood, especifically molluscan shellfish, as well as human infection cases and outbreaks. It appears that infections from V. parahaemolyticus have been more strongly related to shellfish ingestion and have been more frequently reported on the Pacific coast of South America. Conversely, V. vulnificus has been more frequently acquired by water contact with open wounds and its presence has been more heavily reported along the Atlantic coast of South America, and while documented to cause serious mortality, have been relatively few in number. The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been observed to cause an increase in V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks on the Pacific coast of South America. The implementation of a regulated monitoring approach, along with the use of faster, more accurate and virulence-specific detection approaches, such as PCR confirmation, should be considered to detect the presence of pathogenic Vibrio strains in environmental and seafood samples for protection of public health. Furthermore, improved clinical surveillance with suspected cases should be implemented. This review highlights the need for more research and monitoring of vibrios in South America, in water, shellfish and clinical samples.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Mollusca; Seafood; Shellfish; South America; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 27459915
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13246 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2017The hemorrhagic septicemic disease vibriosis caused by shows noticeable similarities to invasive septicemia in humans, and in this case, the -host system has the... (Review)
Review
The hemorrhagic septicemic disease vibriosis caused by shows noticeable similarities to invasive septicemia in humans, and in this case, the -host system has the potential to serve as a model for understanding native eukaryotic host-pathogen interactions. Iron acquisition, as a fierce battle occurring between pathogenic and the fish host, is a pivotal step for virulence. In this article, advances in defining the roles of iron uptake pathways in growth and virulence of have been summarized, divided into five aspects, including siderophore biosynthesis and secretion, iron uptake, iron release, and regulation of iron uptake. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of iron acquisition will have important implications for the pathogenicity of this organism.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Iron; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Siderophores; Trace Elements; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 28791260
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00342 -
Microbiological Research May 2019Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the seafood such as fish, shrimps and shellfish throughout the world. V.... (Review)
Review
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the seafood such as fish, shrimps and shellfish throughout the world. V. parahaemolyticus can cause diseases in marine aquaculture, leading to huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry. More importantly, it is also the leading cause of seafood-borne diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. With the development of animal model, next-generation sequencing as well as biochemical and cell biological technologies, deeper understanding of the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus has been gained. As a globally transmitted pathogen, the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus is closely related to a variety of virulence factors. This article comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of eight types of virulence factors: hemolysin, type III secretion system, type VI secretion system, adhesion factor, iron uptake system, lipopolysaccharide, protease and outer membrane proteins. This review comprehensively summarized our current understanding of the virulence factors in V. parahaemolyticus, which are potentially new targets for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Iron; Lipopolysaccharides; Peptide Hydrolases; Seafood; Type III Secretion Systems; Type VI Secretion Systems; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30928029
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.003 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2023Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that changing climatic conditions are influencing environmental factors that enhance growth of pathogenic spp....
Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that changing climatic conditions are influencing environmental factors that enhance growth of pathogenic spp. in aquatic ecosystems. To determine the impact of environmental factors on occurrence of pathogenic spp., samples were collected in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, during 2009 to 2012 and 2019 to 2022. Genetic markers for Vibrio vulnificus () and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (, , and ) were enumerated by direct plating and DNA colony hybridization. Results confirmed seasonality and environmental parameters as predictors. Water temperature showed a linear correlation with and , and two critical thresholds were observed, an initial increase in detectable numbers (>15°C) and a second increase when maximum counts were recorded (>25°C). Temperature and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus ( and ) were not strongly correlated; however, the evidence showed that these organisms persist in oyster and sediment at colder temperatures. Salinity (10 to 15 ppt), total chlorophyll (5 to 25 μg/L), dissolved oxygen (5 to 10 mg/L), and pH (8) were associated with increased abundance of and . Importantly, a long-term increase in spp. numbers was observed in water samples between the two collection periods, specifically at Tangier Sound (lower bay), with the evidence suggesting an extended seasonality for these bacteria in the area. Notably, showed a mean positive increase that was ca. 3-fold overall, with the most significant increase observed during the fall. In conclusion, vibriosis continues to be a risk in the Chesapeake Bay region. A predictive intelligence system to assist decision makers, with respect to climate and human health, is warranted. The genus includes pathogenic species that are naturally occurring in marine and estuarine environments globally. Routine monitoring for species and environmental parameters influencing their incidence is critical to provide a warning system for the public when the risk of infection is high. In this study, occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, both potential human pathogens, in Chesapeake Bay water, oysters, and sediment samples collected over a 13-year period was analyzed. The results provide a confirmation of environmental predictors for these bacteria, notably temperature, salinity, and total chlorophyll , and their seasonality of occurrence. New findings refine environmental parameter thresholds of culturable species and document a long-term increase in populations in the Chesapeake Bay. This study provides a valuable foundation for development of predicative risk intelligence models for incidence during climate change.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Chlorophyll A; Ecosystem; Ostreidae; Vibrio Infections; Water
PubMed: 37222620
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00307-23 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2021and are pathogens responsible for high larval oyster mortality rates in shellfish hatcheries. Bacteriophage therapy was evaluated to determine its potential to...
and are pathogens responsible for high larval oyster mortality rates in shellfish hatcheries. Bacteriophage therapy was evaluated to determine its potential to remediate these mortalities. Sixteen phages against and were isolated and characterized from Hawaiian seawater. Fourteen isolates were members of the family, and two were members of the In proof-of-principle trials, a cocktail of five phages reduced mortalities of larval Eastern oysters () and Pacific oysters () by up to 91% 6 days after challenge with lethal doses of Larval survival depended on the oyster species, the quantities of phages and vibrios applied, and the species and strain of A later-generation cocktail, designated VCP300, was formulated with three lytic phages subsequently named phages vB_VcorM-GR7B, vB_VcorM-GR11A, and vB_VcorM-GR28A (abbreviated 7B, 11A, and 28A, respectively). Together, these three phages displayed host specificity toward eight strains and a strain. Larval mortalities from strains RE98 and OCN008 were significantly reduced by >90% (< 0.0001) over 6 days with phage treatment compared to those of untreated controls. Genomic sequencing of phages 7B, 11A, and 28A revealed 207,758-, 194,800-, and 154,046-bp linear DNA genomes, respectively, with the latter showing 92% similarity to phage YC, a strain from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Phage 7B and 11A genomes showed little similarity to phages in the NCBI database. This study demonstrates the promising potential for phage therapy to reduce larval oyster mortalities in oyster hatcheries. Shellfish hatcheries encounter episodic outbreaks of larval oyster mortalities, jeopardizing the economic stability of hatcheries and the commercial shellfish industry. Shellfish pathogens like and have been recognized as major contributors of larval oyster mortalities in U.S. East and West Coast hatcheries for many years. This study isolated, identified, and characterized bacteriophages against these species and demonstrated their ability to reduce mortalities from in larval Pacific oysters and from both and in larval Eastern oysters. Phage therapy offers a promising approach for stimulating hatchery production to ensure the well-being of hatcheries and the commercial oyster trade.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacteriophages; Crassostrea; Larva; Mortality; Phage Therapy; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 33674441
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00008-21 -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Nov 2018Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious, potentially fatal infections. V. vulnificus causes three distinct syndromes: an overwhelming... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious, potentially fatal infections. V. vulnificus causes three distinct syndromes: an overwhelming primary septicemia caused by consuming contaminated seafood, wound infections acquired when an open wound is exposed to contaminated warm seawater, and gastrointestinal tract-limited infections. Case-fatality rates are higher than 50% for primary septicemia, and death typically occurs within 72 hours of hospitalization. Risk factors for V. vulnificus infection include chronic liver disease, alcoholism, and hematological disorders. When V. vulnificus infection is suspected, appropriate antibiotic treatment and surgical interventions should be performed immediately. Third-generation cephalosporin with doxycycline, or quinolone with or without third-generation cephalosporin, may be potential treatment options for patients with V. vulnificus infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Female; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Public Health; Risk Factors; Seafood; Seawater; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Young Adult
PubMed: 29898575
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.159