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Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Oct 2023Myiasis of an open fracture wound is very rare but can occur due to neglect of wound care.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Myiasis of an open fracture wound is very rare but can occur due to neglect of wound care.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 12-year-old boy from a low socio-economic background, following an impact injury in his right great toe 10 days back presented with complaints of pain, swelling, and a foul-smelling odor from his right great toe. On examination, a swollen, tender puncture wound was noted over the dorsal aspect of the great toe revealing part of live larvae and serosanguinous discharge. Management was done with the complete removal of maggots, wound debridement, wound lavage, administration of systemic antibiotics, and toe guard slab application.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Wound myiasis results from a facultative or obligatory parasite that is initiated when flies oviposit in hemorrhagic, necrotic, or pus-filled lesions. The possible complications of myiasis include local destruction, invasion into deep tissues, and secondary infection, which could result in amputation of the affected area, especially where obligatory parasites are concerned.
CONCLUSION
Myiasis commonly occurs due to poor hygiene and neglect of wound care along with many other risk factors. Early proper wound care prevents the development of wound myiasis and early diagnosis and treatment of myiasis prevent complication of local tissue destruction and amputation of affected parts.
PubMed: 37811016
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001248 -
Qatar Medical Journal 2024Myiasis is a neglected disease, characterized by ill-defined diagnostics and management protocols. Published epidemiological and clinical studies of myiasis are still...
BACKGROUND
Myiasis is a neglected disease, characterized by ill-defined diagnostics and management protocols. Published epidemiological and clinical studies of myiasis are still scarce, although several countries, such as Oman, have reported a few cases over the past 30 years. This study explores the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of myiasis in South Batinah Governorate (SBG), Oman.
METHODOLOGY
A prospective surveillance study was conducted in SBG from 1st November 2018 to 31st October 2019. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected using a pre-designed reporting form for suspected and confirmed cases.
RESULTS
A total of 188 cases were reported, of which 81.4% were male. One-third of cases were 11-20 years old, and a quarter reported exposure inside house. The rate of exposure was 16 per 10000 in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel. About 57% patients reported multiple re-exposure. Almost 60% of patients developed nasal or oral myiasis, 25% developed myiasis in the eye, and 4% in the ear. The most common respiratory symptoms were cough (83%), runny nose (48%), and foreign body sensation (35%). Over 50% of patients with eye exposures had redness, pain, and itchiness. Most patients (89.3%) kept animals at homes. Many cases occurred between December 2018 and April 2019, with almost one-third of exposures occurring at 5 p.m. Re-exposure likelihood for patients residing in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel was high; OR = 2.49 (95% CI 1.14-5.45), with OR = 3.59 (95% CI 1.37-9.39) for 11-20-year-olds and, OR = 3.01 (95% CI 1.07-8.42) for patients ≥ 31 years.
CONCLUSION
The myiasis exposure rate is high in certain areas and age groups, which is most likely associated with animal-related activities. The disease has a significant impact upon people's health in SBG. Therefore, urgent active-surveillance and clinical studies are warranted to explore possible preventive measures and treatment options. Adopting one health approach could offer an effective strategy for preventing myiasis in human and animal populations.
PubMed: 38650828
DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2024.15 -
Case Reports in Obstetrics and... 2023Human myiasis is an infestation produced by fly larvae invading the tissues. We present a case of a 40-year-old virgin woman with vulvar myiasis. She reported at the...
Human myiasis is an infestation produced by fly larvae invading the tissues. We present a case of a 40-year-old virgin woman with vulvar myiasis. She reported at the gynecology clinic with a bloody discharge, severe pain, and swelling of the genital area for six days. Her menstrual history revealed the use of folded clothes. She had no specific gynecological disease. At the examination of the external genitalia, a tender mass measuring 6 cm × 4 cm and an ulcer measuring 1 cm × 1 cm on the surface of the labia majora were found. The patient was hospitalized. Serology, blood, and urine tests were requested; all laboratory tests were normal. The patient was transferred to the operating room (OR) with the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. In the OR, we performed a longitudinal incision on the mass and removed nearly 30 visible maggots. After washing with normal saline, the patient was transferred to the ward without wound suturing. Debridement of the necrotic vulvar mass along with daily washing was performed for 7 days. The wound was sutured on the seventh day at the OR. Antibiotic therapy was continued for 4 days, and the patient was discharged with normal laboratory tests on the eleventh day after admission. We believe that poor sanitary hygiene was the cause of vulvar myiasis in our patient. We conclude that appropriate measures must be taken to reduce the risk of human myiasis, especially in tropical rural regions.
PubMed: 37593321
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5579531 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Jun 2023Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of tissues and body cavities of vertebrates by . Nasal myiasis is mostly caused by the and families. Many predisposing factors play...
Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of tissues and body cavities of vertebrates by . Nasal myiasis is mostly caused by the and families. Many predisposing factors play a role in the appearance of nasal myiasis. In the treatment of the disease, the use of antiseptics together with mechanical cleaning is recommended. In this report, a case of nasopharyngeal myiasis in a 75-year-old patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit is presented. Nine larvae were detected in the patient's nose. Larvae were removed from the area and were cleaned with iodine solution for three days. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic examination, the larvae were identified as the third stage of sp. in order to prevent myiasis infestations, personnel working in places where the patient is unconscious, such as intensive care units, should daily check the patient's body cavities such as nose, mouth and ear cavities, and perform their care and cleaning.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aged; Sarcophagidae; Diptera; Myiasis; Larva
PubMed: 37249117
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.86547 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023
Topics: Humans; Animals; Female; Child; Male; Myiasis; Diptera; Fathers; Larva
PubMed: 37956728
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102670 -
Parasite Epidemiology and Control Nov 2023Ivermectin has emerged as a therapeutic option for various parasitic diseases, including strongyloidiasis, scabies, lice infestations, gnathostomiasis, and myiasis. This... (Review)
Review
Ivermectin has emerged as a therapeutic option for various parasitic diseases, including strongyloidiasis, scabies, lice infestations, gnathostomiasis, and myiasis. This study comprehensively reviews the evidence-based indications for ivermectin in treating parasitic diseases, considering the unique context and challenges in Peru. Fourteen studies were selected from a systematic search of scientific evidence on ivermectin in PubMed, from 2010 to July 2022. The optimal dosage of ivermectin for treating onchocerciasis, strongyloidiasis, and enterobiasis ranges from 150 to 200 μg/kg, while lymphatic filariasis requires a higher dose of 400 μg/kg (Brown et al., 2000). However, increased dosages have been associated with a higher incidence of ocular adverse events. Scientific evidence shows that ivermectin can be safely and effectively administered to children weighing less than 15 kg. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide strong support for the efficacy and safety of ivermectin in combating parasitic infections. Ivermectin has proven to be an effective treatment for various parasitic diseases, including intestinal parasites, ectoparasites, filariasis, and onchocerciasis. Dosages ranging from 200 μg/kg to 400 μg/kg are generally safe, with adjustments made according to the specific pathology, patient age, and weight/height. Given Peru's prevailing social and environmental conditions, the high burden of intestinal parasites and ectoparasites in the country underscores the importance of ivermectin in addressing these health challenges.
PubMed: 37731824
DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00320 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Jun 2024Myiasis is infestation of live human tissue by larva. It usually involves immunocompromised people or people living in unsanitary conditions. The cutaneous myiasis is...
Myiasis is infestation of live human tissue by larva. It usually involves immunocompromised people or people living in unsanitary conditions. The cutaneous myiasis is most common type and can enter the skin with a pre-existing wound. Herein we present a case of an 18-year-old girl known case of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with cutaneous myiasis affecting the knee managed surgically with full recovery. Such case has not reported previously in the literature, and detailed management plan is described.
PubMed: 38832055
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae257 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024The zoonotic pathogen Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica can cause several diseases in humans, including sepsis and bacteremia. Although the pathogenesis is not fully... (Review)
Review
The zoonotic pathogen Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica can cause several diseases in humans, including sepsis and bacteremia. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, the bacterium is thought to enter traumatic skin lesions via fly larvae, resulting in severe myiasis and/or wound contamination. Infections are typically associated with, but not limited to, infestation of an open wound by fly larvae, poor sanitary conditions, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, and osteomyelitis. W. chitiniclastica is generally sensitive to a broad spectrum of antibiotics with the exception of fosfomycin. However, increasing drug resistance has been observed and its development should be monitored with caution. In this review, we summarize the currently available knowledge and evaluate it from both a clinical and a genomic perspective.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gammaproteobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diptera; Genomics; Larva
PubMed: 38172653
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03139-7 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Oct 2023Myiasis is the invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest type, and less commonly, internal tissues and organs are affected....
Myiasis is the invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest type, and less commonly, internal tissues and organs are affected. Here, we report the first case of oro-nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by the third-instar larvae of (Old-World screwworm) in Sri Lanka. A retired 71-year-old female tea-plucker presented to the hospital with a 4-day history of nasal bleeding and neck discomfort. Except for well-controlled hypertension, she had no significant medical history. On examination, there was an ulcerated area in the posterior oro-nasopharynx filled with maggots. Hematological analysis showed a high C-reactive protein level (24 mg/dL) and white blood cell count (17.5 × 10/L) with 80% neutrophils. Computed tomography showed severe inflammation of the pharynx with no features of a neoplasm or parapharyngeal abscess. An examination was performed under anesthesia followed by manual removal of larvae, surgical debridement with biopsy, and treatment with antiparasitic medicines and antibiotics. Histopathology excluded neoplasm and only showed inflammatory changes. All extracted larvae were morphologically similar and identified as third-instar larvae of using a trinocular zoom stereomicroscope. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital on the 15th day and was well at 2 months follow-up.
PubMed: 37864334
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231207283 -
Cureus Apr 2024Human myiasis is caused by the invasion of tissue or organs by maggots of certain dipterous flies. The present case is of an eight-year-old boy complaining of painful...
Human myiasis is caused by the invasion of tissue or organs by maggots of certain dipterous flies. The present case is of an eight-year-old boy complaining of painful swelling in the scrotum with localized discharge. A maggot was removed and sent to a specialized laboratory for identification. The case was diagnosed as a scrotal myiasis caused by . The wound was cleaned with antiseptics, then antibiotic treatment was applied. Two days later, the wound healed completely. All previously documented cases of scrotal myiasis were associated with . We document here the first case of scrotal myiasis in children caused by and the necessity to raise awareness of myiasis among health professionals.
PubMed: 38826592
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59417