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Microbial Pathogenesis Feb 2023Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) causes abortions at high rates and threatens newborns' lives. Also, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) causes abortions at high rates and threatens newborns' lives. Also, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable neurologically. The bacterium exerts its pathogenesis intracellularly by manipulating cell organs. It manipulates nucleus elements, microRNAs (miRNAs), in order to increase survival and evade immunity. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that degrade gene expression post-transcriptionally. Any alteration to the expression of miRNAs affects various cascades in cells, especially immunity-related responses. Thus, utilizing miRNAs as a novel therapeutic agent not only restricts infection but enhances immunity reactions. This review provides an overview of miRNAs in listeriosis, their role in cells, and their prospects as therapy.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Aged; Listeria monocytogenes; MicroRNAs; Listeriosis
PubMed: 36669673
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105997 -
The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2022To analyze the clinical features, efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and outcome of neonatal listeriosis.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical features, efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and outcome of neonatal listeriosis.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study that included all neonates diagnosed with listeriosis between January 2010 and December 2021.
RESULTS
Nine male patients and five female patients were analyzed, including 11 preterm and 3 term infants. The mean gestational age was 34 ± 2.6 weeks (29 + 2-40 + 2 weeks), and the mean birth weight was 2392 ± 603 g (1370-3580 g). The maternal clinical manifestations included fever (13/14 [92.9%]), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (12/14 [85.7%]), and intrauterine fetal distress (11/14 [78.6%]). The neonates presented with fever (14/14 [100%]), generalized maculopapular rash (7/14 [50%]), and convulsions (8/14 [57.1%]). Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis (11/14 [78.6%]), monocytosis (9/14 [64.3%]), elevated C-reactive protein levels (13/14 [92.9%]), and thrombocytopenia (6/14 [42.9%]). Eight patients had central nervous system involvement, and was isolated from the blood in all cases. Empiric antibiotic therapy consisted of a combination of third-generation cephalosporins and penicillin or vancomycin. Four patients died, and 10 patients were cured.
CONCLUSIONS
Preterm infants were more susceptible to listeria infection than term infants, with most having multiple organ injuries. Combined antibiotic application improved the effectiveness of treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36003027
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221117207 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Sep 2021is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require... (Review)
Review
is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require selective enrichment using traditional bacterial culture techniques that can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, molecular methods are expensive and need specific technical knowledge. In contrast, immunological approaches are faster, simpler, and user-friendly alternatives and have been developed for the detection of in food, environmental, and clinical samples. These techniques are dependent on the constitutive expression of antigens and the specificity of the antibodies used. Here, updated knowledge on pathogenesis and the key immunogenic virulence determinants of that are used for the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the serological assay development are summarised. In addition, immunological approaches based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and immunosensors with relevant improvements are highlighted. Though the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were improved significantly, methods still face many challenges that require further validation before use.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Biosensing Techniques; Food Microbiology; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33896354
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1911930 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Dec 2023Contamination and transmission of different Listeria monocytogenes strains along food chain are a serious threat to public health and food safety. Understanding the...
BACKGROUND
Contamination and transmission of different Listeria monocytogenes strains along food chain are a serious threat to public health and food safety. Understanding the distribution of diseases in time and space-time is fundamental in the epidemiological study and in preventive medicine programs. The aim of this study is to estimate listeriosis incidence along 10-years period and to perform space-time cluster analysis of listeriosis cases in Marche Region, Italy.
METHODS
The number of observed listeriosis cases/year was derived from regional data of surveillance of notifiable diseases and hospital discharge form. The capture and recapture method (C-R method) was applied to estimate the real incidence of listeriosis cases in Marche Region and the space-time scan statistics analysis was performed to detect clusters of space-time of listeriosis cases and add precision to the conventional epidemiological analysis.
RESULTS
The C-R method estimation of listeriosis cases was 119 in the 10- year period (2010-2019), with an average of 31.93 % of unobserved cases (lost cases). The estimated mean annual incidence of listeriosis was 0.77 per 100,000 inhabitants (95 %CI 0.65-0.92), accounting for 6.07 % of additional listeriosis cases per year than observed cases. Using the scan statistic, the two most likely clusters were identified, one of these was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The underdiagnosis and under-reporting in addition to listeriosis incidence variability suggested that the surveillance system of Marche Region should be improved.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence of the ability of space-time cluster analysis to complement traditional surveillance of food-borne diseases and to understand the local risk factors by implementing timely targeted interventions.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Foodborne Diseases; Italy; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 37866268
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.008 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Feb 2022Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific functions. Tissue-derived signals play a critical role in determining macrophage...
Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific functions. Tissue-derived signals play a critical role in determining macrophage heterogeneity. However, these signals remain largely unknown. The BMP receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is well known for its role in blood vessel formation; however, its role within the immune system has never been revealed to our knowledge. Here, we found that BMP9/BMP10/ALK1 signaling controlled the identity and self-renewal of Kupffer cells (KCs) through a Smad4-dependent pathway. In contrast, ALK1 was dispensable for the maintenance of macrophages located in the lung, kidney, spleen, and brain. Following ALK1 deletion, KCs were lost over time and were replaced by monocyte-derived macrophages. These hepatic macrophages showed significantly reduced expression of the complement receptor VSIG4 and alterations in immune zonation and morphology, which is important for the tissue-specialized function of KCs. Furthermore, we found that this signaling pathway was important for KC-mediated Listeria monocytogenes capture, as the loss of ALK1 and Smad4 led to a failure of bacterial capture and overwhelming disseminated infections. Thus, ALK1 signaling instructs a tissue-specific phenotype that allows KCs to protect the host from systemic bacterial dissemination.
Topics: Activin Receptors, Type II; Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Growth Differentiation Factor 2; Kupffer Cells; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34874921
DOI: 10.1172/JCI150489 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022Listeria monocytogenes is a life-threatening foodborne pathogen. Here, we report the genomic characterization of a nationwide dataset of 411 clinical and 82 food...
Listeria monocytogenes is a life-threatening foodborne pathogen. Here, we report the genomic characterization of a nationwide dataset of 411 clinical and 82 food isolates collected in Taiwan between 2014 and 2019. The observed incidence of listeriosis increased from 0.83 to 7 cases per million population upon implementation of mandatory notification in 2018. Pregnancy-associated cases accounted for 2.8% of human listeriosis and all-cause 7-day mortality was of 11.9% in nonmaternal-neonatal listeriosis. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 90% of raw pork and 34% of chicken products collected in supermarkets. Sublineages SL87, SL5, and SL378 accounted for the majority (65%) of clinical cases. SL87 and SL378 were also predominant (57%) in food products. Five cgMLST clusters accounted for 57% clinical cases, suggesting unnoticed outbreaks spanning up to 6 years. Mandatory notification allowed identifying the magnitude of listeriosis in Taiwan. Continuous real-time genomic surveillance will allow reducing contaminating sources and disease burden. Understanding the phylogenetic relationship between clinical and food isolates is important to identify the transmission routes of foodborne diseases. Here, we performed a nationwide study between 2014 and 2019 of both clinical and food Listeria monocytogenes isolates and sequenced their genomes. We show a 9-fold increase in listeriosis reporting upon implementation of mandatory notification. We found that sublineages SL87 and SL378 predominated among both clinical (50%) and food (57%) isolates, and identified five cgMLST clusters accounting for 57% of clinical cases, suggestive of potential protracted sources of contamination over up to 6 years in Taiwan. These findings highlight that mandatory declaration is critical in identifying the burden of listeriosis, and the importance of genome sequencing for a detailed characterization of the pathogenic L. monocytogenes genotypes circulating in Asia.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Taiwan; Phylogeny; Food Microbiology; Genome, Bacterial; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Whole Genome Sequencing; Listeriosis; Genomics; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36222695
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01825-22 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2021Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium present in several environments able to survive and proliferate in food processing plants, contaminating products that... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium present in several environments able to survive and proliferate in food processing plants, contaminating products that when ingested can lead to listeriosis. Worldwide, the bacterium has been isolated from foods of animal and plant origin and its occurrence in ready-to-eat foods is a challenge for food processing establishments. Serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b related to 95% of listeriosis cases have been detected in different foods and presented resistance to common antibiotics such as tetracycline and penicillin. The analysis and dissemination of the presence of L. monocytogenes in different foods are essential to anchor control and prevention measures. In Brazil, despite the lack of official data on contamination by L. monocytogenes, some studies have reported the presence of bacteria in various foods and food processing environments. Thus, this review focuses on presenting the main characteristics of the L. monocytogenes, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and occurrence in several foods and countries from 2010 to 2020.
Topics: Animals; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Serogroup
PubMed: 34647141
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02590-2 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Trained immunity refers to the ability of the innate immune system exposed to a first challenge to provide an enhanced response to a secondary homologous or heterologous...
Trained immunity refers to the ability of the innate immune system exposed to a first challenge to provide an enhanced response to a secondary homologous or heterologous challenge. We reported that training induced with β-glucan one week before infection confers protection against a broad-spectrum of lethal bacterial infections. Whether this protection persists over time is unknown. To tackle this question, we analyzed the immune status and the response to () of mice trained 9 weeks before analysis. The induction of trained immunity increased bone marrow myelopoiesis and blood counts of Ly6C inflammatory monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). , whole blood, PMNs and monocytes from trained mice produced increased levels of cytokines in response to microbial products and limited the growth of . , following challenge with , peripheral blood leukocytes were massively depleted in control mice but largely preserved in trained mice. PMNs were reduced also in the spleen from control mice, and increased in the spleen of trained mice. In transwell experiments, PMNs from trained mice showed increased spontaneous migration and CXCL2/MIP2α-induced chemotaxis, suggesting that training promotes the migration of PMNs in peripheral organs targeted by . Trained PMNs and monocytes had higher glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration than control cells when exposed to . Bacterial burden and dissemination in blood, spleen and liver as well as systemic cytokines and inflammation (multiplex bead assay and bioluminescence imaging) were reduced in trained mice. In full agreement with these results, mice trained 9 weeks before infection were powerfully protected from lethal listeriosis. Altogether, these data suggest that training increases the generation and the antimicrobial activity of PMNs and monocytes, which may confer prolonged protection from lethal bacterial infection.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Cytokines; Female; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocytes; Neutrophils
PubMed: 34603295
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723393 -
Virulence Dec 2021is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional...
is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aged; Animals; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mammals; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virulence
PubMed: 34612177
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2022Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen, which could be detected in food, environmental and clinical samples. It contaminates food in any of the... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen, which could be detected in food, environmental and clinical samples. It contaminates food in any of the stages during production, processing, and storage, resulting in potential food safety issues. Traditional physical and chemical methods are effective in inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes and extending the shelf life of foods, however, the application of these methods usually results in undesirable damage to food quality. Recently, biological-based antimicrobial methods have attracted numerous attention due to their promising antimicrobial effects and ability to maintain food quality. The application of probiotics, as one of the biological based antimicrobial methods, has been widely reported that could effectively inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes. In this review, human listeriosis and the current contamination situation of L. monocytogenes in foods are summarized first. Then, the effects of probiotics on the growth, biofilm formation, and virulence of L. monocytogenes in foods are discussed. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanisms of the probiotics and their metabolites against L. monocytogenes are highlighted. With a comprehensive understanding of the bacteriostatic effect of the probiotics, the latest applications of probiotics in dairy products, meat products, and fresh products are presented and discussed.
Topics: Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meat Products; Probiotics
PubMed: 36076464
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111733