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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Many bacterial species, including several pathogens, can enter a so-called "viable but non-culturable" (VBNC) state when subjected to stress. Bacteria in the VBNC state... (Review)
Review
Many bacterial species, including several pathogens, can enter a so-called "viable but non-culturable" (VBNC) state when subjected to stress. Bacteria in the VBNC state are metabolically active but have lost their ability to grow on standard culture media, which compromises their detection by conventional techniques based on bacterial division. Under certain conditions, VBNC bacteria can regain their growth capacity and, for pathogens, their virulence potential, through a process called resuscitation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the VBNC state of (), a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium responsible for listeriosis, one of the most dangerous foodborne zoonosis. After a brief summary of characteristics of VBNC bacteria, we highlight work on VBNC in the environment and in agricultural and food industry settings, with particular emphasis on the impact of antimicrobial treatments. We subsequently discuss recent data suggesting that can enter the VBNC state in the host, raising the possibility that VBNC forms contribute to the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen in wildlife, livestock and even humans. We also consider the resuscitation and virulence potential of VBNC and the danger posed by these bacteria to at-risk individuals, particularly pregnant women. Overall, we put forth the hypothesis that VBNC forms contribute to adaptation, persistence, and transmission of between different ecological niches in the One-Health , and suggest that screening for healthy carriers, using alternative techniques to culture-based enrichment methods, should better prevent listeriosis risks.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; One Health; Pregnancy; Virulence; Zoonoses
PubMed: 35372114
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849915 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Oct 2023is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly... (Review)
Review
is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to invasive listeriosis in fetuses and neonates, posing a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Therefore, establishing suitable and models for . placenta infection, as well as analyzing and exploring the infection process and its pathogenic mechanism, are important approaches to prevent and control . infection in mothers and infants. In this study, we reviewed the and placental models used for studying the infection of . in maternal and infant, summarized and discussed the advantages and limitations of each model, and explored the potential of cell models and organoids for the study of . infection. This paper aims to support the study of the infection pathway and pathogenesis of listeriosis and provide scientific references for the prevention and control of . infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Placenta; Public Health; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 37877386
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230263 -
Cellular Microbiology Apr 2020Decades of breakthroughs resulting from cross feeding of microbiological research and technological innovation have promoted Listeria monocytogenes to the rank of model... (Review)
Review
Decades of breakthroughs resulting from cross feeding of microbiological research and technological innovation have promoted Listeria monocytogenes to the rank of model microorganism to study host-pathogen interactions. The extraordinary capacity of this bacterium to interfere with a vast array of host cellular processes uncovered new concepts in microbiology, cell biology and infection biology. Here, we review technological advances that revealed how bacteria and host interact in space and time at the molecular, cellular, tissue and whole body scales, ultimately revolutionising our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis. With the current bloom of multidisciplinary integrative approaches, Listeria entered a new microbiology era.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Biotechnology; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32185895
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13183 -
Cellular Microbiology Apr 2020By modifying the host cell transcription programme, pathogenic bacteria disrupt a wide range of cellular processes and take control of the host's immune system.... (Review)
Review
By modifying the host cell transcription programme, pathogenic bacteria disrupt a wide range of cellular processes and take control of the host's immune system. Conversely, by mobilising a network of defence genes, the host cells trigger various responses that allow them to tolerate or eliminate invaders. The study of the molecular basis of this crosstalk is crucial to the understanding of infectious diseases. Although research has long focused on the targeting of eukaryotic DNA-binding transcription factors, more recently, another powerful way by which bacteria modify the expression of host genes has emerged: chromatin modifications in the cell nucleus. One of the most prolific bacterial models in this area has been Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for serious food-borne infections. Here, we aim to highlight the contribution of this model to the field of bacteria-mediated chromatin modifications. We will first recall the general principles of epigenetic regulation and then illustrate five mechanisms that mobilise the epigenetic machinery in response to Listeria factors, either through bacterial molecular patterns, a toxin, an invasion protein, or nucleomodulins. Strategies used by Listeria to control the expression of host genes at the chromatin level, by activation of cytosolic signalling pathways or direct targeting of epifactors in the nucleus, have contributed to the emergence of a new discipline combining cellular microbiology and epigenetics: "patho-epigenetics."
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Chromatin; Epigenesis, Genetic; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Protein Binding; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32185898
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13169 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021Listeria monocytogenes is a model intracellular pathogen that can invade the cytoplasm of host mammalian cells. Cellular invasion can be measured using standard...
Listeria monocytogenes is a model intracellular pathogen that can invade the cytoplasm of host mammalian cells. Cellular invasion can be measured using standard techniques, such as the classical gentamicin protection assay, based on the quantification of colony-forming units from lysates of infected cells. In addition, there are methods based on immunofluorescence microscopy which allow for assaying invasion in a medium- to high-throughput manner. In the following sections, we detail two different assays that can be used alone or in combination to quantify the internalization of L. monocytogenes in host cells.
Topics: Bacterial Load; Colony Count, Microbial; HeLa Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 32975776
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0982-8_15 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2023Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and related deaths of listeriosis. In food production, L. monocytogenes occurs in raw food material and... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and related deaths of listeriosis. In food production, L. monocytogenes occurs in raw food material and above all, through postprocessing contamination. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) facilitates foodborne outbreak investigations, pathogen source tracking and tracing geographic distributions of different clonal complexes, routine microbiological/epidemiological surveillance of listeriosis, and quantitative microbial risk assessment. WGS can also be used to predict various genetic traits related to virulence, stress, or antimicrobial resistance, which can be of great benefit for improving food safety management as well as public health.
Topics: Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Food Chain; Food Microbiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Listeriosis; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36916580
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.10.002 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Dec 2020Neonatal listeriosis is a major cause of mortality in newborn; however, there is limited information about this disease in Taiwan. The aim of our study was to identify...
BACKGROUND
Neonatal listeriosis is a major cause of mortality in newborn; however, there is limited information about this disease in Taiwan. The aim of our study was to identify the outcome determinants, clinical features, and incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis, which includes both neonatal and maternal listeriosis.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of neonatal and maternal patients with pregnancy-associated listeriosis at two hospitals in Taiwan from January 2000 to December 2018. Listeriosis was indicated by positive Listeria monocytogenes culture.
RESULTS
Our study examined 18 neonates and 19 mothers. The neonatal and fetal death rate was 24%. All five cases of fetal losses or neonatal deaths occurred before 29 weeks of gestational age. The annual incidence of confirmed neonatal listeriosis increased significantly from 0.94/10,000 neonatal inpatients in 2000-2011 to 5.45/10,000 neonatal inpatients in 2012-2018 (p = 0.026). Clinical presentations of neonatal listeriosis included respiratory distress (85%), leukocytosis or leukopenia (77%), bandemia (69%), thrombocytopenia (77%), hypocalcemia (100%) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (92%). Lower gestation correlated with a higher fatality rate (p = 0.002). Among the maternal cases investigated, 67% had a diagnosis of listeriosis, and 72% presented with fever. However, only 21% of the 19 mothers received complete antepartum ampicillin treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of neonatal listeriosis is increasing, especially in preterm neonates. Maternal listeriosis should be adequately treated with appropriate empirical antibiotics.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Neonatal Sepsis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies; Taiwan; Young Adult
PubMed: 31492584
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.08.001 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jul 2021Listeria monocytogenes is an invasive opportunistic foodborne pathogen and its routine surveillance is critical for protecting the food supply and public health. The... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is an invasive opportunistic foodborne pathogen and its routine surveillance is critical for protecting the food supply and public health. The traditional detection methods are time-consuming and require trained personnel. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), on the other hand, is an easy-to-perform, rapid point-of-care test and has been widely used as an inexpensive surveillance tool. In recent times, nucleic acid-based lateral flow immunoassays (NALFIA) are also developed to improve sensitivity and specificity. A significant improvement in lateral flow-based assays has been reported in recent years, especially the ligands (antibodies, nucleic acids, aptamers, bacteriophage), labeling molecules, and overall assay configurations to improve detection sensitivity, specificity, and automated interpretation of results. In most commercial applications, LFIA has been used with enriched food/environmental samples to ensure detection of live cells thus prolonging the assay time to 24-48 h; however, with the recent improvement in LFIA sensitivity, results can be obtained in less than 8 h with shortened and improved enrichment practices. Incorporation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or immunomagnetic separation could significantly improve LFIA sensitivity for near-real-time point-of-care detection of L. monocytogenes for food safety and public health applications.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Immobilized; Food Microbiology; Humans; Immunoassay; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Nucleic Acids; Point-of-Care Systems
PubMed: 34041576
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03402-8 -
Medicina Clinica Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Panuveitis; Food Microbiology; Listeriosis
PubMed: 37666684
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.06.039 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Invasive foodborne infection causes gastroenteritis, septicemia, meningitis, and chorioamnionitis, and is associated with high case-fatality rates in the elderly. It is...
Invasive foodborne infection causes gastroenteritis, septicemia, meningitis, and chorioamnionitis, and is associated with high case-fatality rates in the elderly. It is unclear how aging alters gut microbiota, increases risk of listeriosis, and causes dysbiosis post-infection. We used a geriatric murine model of listeriosis as human surrogate of listeriosis for aging individuals to study the effect of aging and infection. Aging and listeriosis-induced perturbation of gut microbiota and disease severity were compared between young-adult and old mice. Young-adult and old mice were dosed intragastrically with . Fecal pellets were collected pre- and post-infection for microbiome analysis. Infected old mice had higher colonization in liver, spleen, and feces. Metagenomics analyses of fecal DNA-sequences showed increase in α-diversity as mice aged, and infection reduced its diversity. The relative abundance of major bacterial phylum like, and remained stable over aging or infection, while the phylum was significantly reduced only in infected old mice. Old mice showed a marked reduction in and bacteria even before infection when compared to uninfected young-adult mice. infection increased the abundance of and in young-adult mice, while members of the and family were significantly increased in old mice. The abundance of the genera and were significantly reduced post-infection in young-adult and in old mice as compared to their uninfected counterparts. Butyrate producing, immune-modulating bacterial species, like and were significantly increased only in old infected mice, correlating with increased intestinal inflammatory mRNA up-regulation from old mice tissue. Histologic analyses of gastric tissues showed extensive lesions in the -infected old mice, more so in the non-glandular region and fundus than in the pylorus. Commensal species like , , and were only abundant in infected young-adult mice but their abundance diminished in the infected old mice. Listeriosis in old mice enhances the abundance of butyrate-producing inflammatory members of the / bacteria while reducing/eliminating beneficial commensals in the gut. Results of this study indicate that, aging may affect the composition of gut microbiota and increase the risk of invasive infection.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33995413
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672353