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Fertility and Sterility Nov 2021
Topics: Birth Rate; COVID-19; Health Facilities; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Masks; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Reproductive Medicine; Telemedicine
PubMed: 34756326
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.047 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... Mar 2022Assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments with donor sperm have been allowed for women in lesbian relationships (WLR) since 2005 in Sweden, but for single women...
Live birth, cumulative live birth and perinatal outcome following assisted reproductive treatments using donor sperm in single women vs. women in lesbian couples: a prospective controlled cohort study.
PURPOSE
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments with donor sperm have been allowed for women in lesbian relationships (WLR) since 2005 in Sweden, but for single women (SW), these became approved only recently in 2016. This study was conducted to compare the outcomes of ART treatments in SW vs. WLR.
METHODS
This is a prospective controlled cohort study of 251 women undergoing intrauterine insemination (D-IUI) or in vitro fertilization (D-IVF) using donor sperm between 2017 and 2019 at the department of Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital. The cohort comprised 139 SW and 112 WLR. The main outcomes included differences in live birth rate (LBR) and cumulative live birth rate (cLBR) between the groups. The SW underwent 66 D-IUI and 193 D-IVF treatments and WLR underwent 255 D-IUI and 69 D-IVF treatments. Data on clinical characteristics, treatment protocols and clinical outcomes were extracted from the clinic's electronic database. The outcomes of D-IUI and D-IVF were separately assessed.
RESULTS
The cohort of SW was significantly older than WLR (37.6 vs. 32.4 years, P < 0.001), and more commonly underwent IVF at first treatment (83% vs. 29%, P < 0.000). Conversely, WLR underwent more frequently D-IUI as a first treatment (71% vs. 17% of SW, P < 0.001) and more often in the natural cycle (89.9% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.019), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the main outcome LBR between the two groups, or between the two different types of treatment, when adjusted for age. Perinatal outcomes and cLBR were also similar among the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
SW were, on average, older than WLR undergoing treatment with donor sperm. No significant differences were seen in the LBR and cLBR when adjusted for age between the two groups and between the two types of treatment (D-IVF vs. D-IUI).
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NTC04602962.
Topics: Birth Rate; Cohort Studies; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Live Birth; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prospective Studies; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Retrospective Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 35106694
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02402-6 -
JBRA Assisted Reproduction Jul 2021To determine the rate of live birth per blastocyst based on morphology and oocyte age using data from a single center.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the rate of live birth per blastocyst based on morphology and oocyte age using data from a single center.
METHODS
This is a mathematical analysis and model building study of autologous blastocyst stage embryo transfers at a University-affiliated center. A total of 448 blastocyst stage embryos were transferred in 244 fresh and frozen embryo transfers from May 2015 through April 2018. Blastocyst morphology was divided into good, fair, and poor overall morphology grades. Each embryo transfer was modeled as an equation equating the sum of the unknown live birth rates of the transferred embryos to the number of live births that resulted. The least squares solution to the system of embryo transfer equations was determined using linear algebra.
RESULTS
Trophectoderm morphology was a better predictor of live birth rate than inner cell mass morphology. Embryos graded AA/AB/BA (good) had the highest live birth rates followed by BB/CB (fair), and BC/CC (poor). In our youngest age group (25-32 years) live birth rates per embryo were 51% for good, 39% for fair, and 25% for poor quality embryos. In our oldest age group (40-44 years) the live birth rates per embryo were 22% for good, 14% for fair, and 8% for poor quality embryos.
CONCLUSIONS
These techniques can help analyze small datasets such as those from individual clinics to aid in determining the ideal number of embryos to transfer to achieve live birth while limiting the risk of multiple gestations.
Topics: Adult; Birth Rate; Blastocyst; Embryo Transfer; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Live Birth; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33565291
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200101 -
PloS One 2023The outbreak of the COVID-19 in early 2020 and the recurring epidemic in later years have disturbed China's economy. Moreover, China's demographic dividend has been...
The outbreak of the COVID-19 in early 2020 and the recurring epidemic in later years have disturbed China's economy. Moreover, China's demographic dividend has been disappearing due to its fastest aging population and declining birth rate. The birth rates in eastern provinces of China are much lower than those of the western provinces. Considering the impacts of the COVID-19 and aging population, this paper focused on the relationship between birth rate and the disposable income and tried to find effective measures to raise China's birth rate. We discovered through regression analysis that the link between per capita disposable income and birth rate is initially "reverse J" and later "inverted J", indicating that per capita disposable income will influence the birth rate. Women's employment rate and educational level are negatively correlated with the birth rate. To raise the fertility rate in China, it is necessary to increase the marriage rate and the willingness to have children by raising the per capita disposable income and introducing effective tax relief policies.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Aged; Birth Rate; Socioeconomic Factors; Demography; Fertility; COVID-19; Population Dynamics; China; Aging; Developing Countries; Economics
PubMed: 37556431
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289781 -
Fertility and Sterility Mar 2022
Multiple live birth rate more than 60% after assisted reproductive technology treatment in patients with favorable prognosis: opportunity to address a reproductive public health and economic burden by improved adherence to guidelines combined with increased patient access to assisted reproductive...
Topics: Birth Rate; Female; Financial Stress; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Multiple; Public Health; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
PubMed: 35219472
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.01.020 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... May 2022To investigate embryo retention (ER) rate in embryo transfer (ET) cycles and its effects on reproductive outcomes in a large database.
PROPOSE
To investigate embryo retention (ER) rate in embryo transfer (ET) cycles and its effects on reproductive outcomes in a large database.
METHODS
A matched retrospective cohort study in a tertiary academic hospital-based reproductive center. A total of 15,321 ET cycles were performed from January 2008 to December 2018. Each woman was matched with three separate control subjects of the same age (± 1 year), embryo condition, main causes of infertility, and type of protocol used for fresh or frozen ET cycles. The main outcomes were ER rate, and implantation, clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and live birth rates.
RESULTS
The overall incidence of ER was 1.4% (213/15,321). There was no difference in the rate of ER rate in fresh ET cycles compared with frozen transfer cycles (P = 0.54). We matched 188/213 (88%) of cases in the ER group to 564 non-ER cases. There were no cases of the blood in the catheter seen in the ER group. Pregnancy outcomes were similar between the ER and the non-ER cycles: clinical pregnancy rate (31.3% vs. 36.1%, P = 0.29), implantation rate (26.2% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.2), live birth rate (20.3% vs. 24%, P = 0.53), ectopic pregnancy rate (0.5% vs. 0.4%, P = 0.18), and miscarriage rate (10.7% vs. 11.3%, P = 0.53).
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that ER rate does not affect the reproductive outcomes including clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate. Patients and physicians should not be concerned about the retention of embryos during transfer since there is no effect on pregnancy outcome.
Topics: Birth Rate; Embryo Transfer; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Live Birth; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35243568
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02450-y -
PeerJ 2024Major sporting tournaments may be associated with increased birth rates 9 months afterwards, possibly due to celebratory sex. The influence of major sporting tournaments...
INTRODUCTION
Major sporting tournaments may be associated with increased birth rates 9 months afterwards, possibly due to celebratory sex. The influence of major sporting tournaments on birth patterns remains to be fully explored.
METHODS
Studies that examined the relationship between such events and altered birth metrics (number of births and/or birth sex ratio (male/total live births)) 9(±1) months later were sought in PubMed and Scopus and reported standard guidelines. Database searches were conducted up to 7 November 2022.
RESULTS
Five events led to increased birth metrics 9(±1) months later and these included the Super Bowl, the 2009 UEFA Champions League, the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the 2016 UEFA Euros and the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Several soccer matches also had effects. With a few exceptions, major American football, Association football (soccer) and Rugby apex tournaments in Africa, North America, Asia and Europe were associated with increases in the number of babies born and/or in the birth sex ratio 9(±1) months following notable team wins and/or hosting the tournament. Furthermore, unexpected losses by teams from a premier soccer league were associated with a decline in births 9 months on.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review establishes that major sporting tournaments have a notable impact on birth patterns, influencing both birth rates and sex ratios. Emotional intensification during these events likely triggers hormonal shifts, driving changes in sexual activity and subsequently shaping birth rates, often positively, about 9 months later. The context is crucial, especially when a region/country hosts a major single-sport tournament or participates for the first time, as population excitement is likely to be at its peak. These findings hold significance for healthcare planning and highlight the role of societal events in shaping demographic trends.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42022382971.
Topics: Humans; Africa; Birth Rate; Rugby; Soccer; Football
PubMed: 38436006
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16993 -
Global Health Action Dec 2023Birth registration is vital to provide legal identity and access to essential services. Worldwide, approximately 166 million children under five years (just under 25%)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Birth registration is vital to provide legal identity and access to essential services. Worldwide, approximately 166 million children under five years (just under 25%) are unregistered, yet >80% of all births occur in health facilities in most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
OBJECTIVES
This study, conducted in association with UNICEF, aims to review facility-based birth registration initiatives, and provide recommendations to close the gap between facility birth and birth registration rates in LMIC.
METHODS
A literature review covering published and grey literature was conducted to identify facility-based initiatives to increase birth registration rates. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted by audio-call with six key global stakeholders to identify additional initiatives, and further insights for barriers and enablers to close the gap.
RESULTS
Academic databases and grey literature search yielded 21 studies meeting pre-specified inclusion criteria. Nine barriers preventing birth registration were identified and grouped into three themes: health system, governmental, and societal barriers. Facility-based birth registration initiatives resulted in an increase in birth registration rates. Importantly, health promotion within communities also increased demand for birth registration. In-depth interview respondents provided further detail and supported data found in literature review. Synthesis of the literature and stakeholder interviews noted enablers including inter-sectoral collaboration between health sector and civil registration ministries e.g., placing civil registration offices in health facilities or allowing medical doctors to act as registrars.
CONCLUSION
Facility-based birth registration initiatives can increase birth registration rates in LMIC. Initiatives need to address both supply and demand side of birth registration to improve facility-based birth registration rates. A multi-sectoral approach within governments, and alignment with multiple stakeholders is vital.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Birth Rate; Health Facilities; Health Personnel; Physicians; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 38085000
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2286073 -
Cells Aug 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological and endocrine disorder that results in irregular menstruation, incomplete follicular development, disrupted... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological and endocrine disorder that results in irregular menstruation, incomplete follicular development, disrupted ovulation, and reduced fertility rates among affected women of reproductive age. While these symptoms can be managed through appropriate medication and lifestyle interventions, both etiology and treatment options remain limited. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in cellular approaches utilized for investigating the pathophysiology of PCOS through in vitro cell models, to avoid the confounding systemic effects such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of abnormalities in PCOS-associated folliculogenesis, particularly focusing on the aberrant roles of granulosa cells and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, this article encompasses analyses of the mechanisms and signaling pathways, microRNA expression and target genes altered in PCOS, and explores the pharmacological approaches considered as potential treatments. By summarizing the aforementioned key findings, this article not only allows us to appreciate the value of using in vitro cell models, but also provides guidance for selecting suitable research models to facilitate the identification of potential treatments and understand the pathophysiology of PCOS at the cellular level.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Granulosa Cells; Birth Rate; Fertilization in Vitro; Life Style
PubMed: 37681921
DOI: 10.3390/cells12172189 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2022Poor responders to ovarian stimulation are one of the most challenging populations to treat. As a failed cycle can cause a considerable emotional and economical loss,...
BACKGROUND
Poor responders to ovarian stimulation are one of the most challenging populations to treat. As a failed cycle can cause a considerable emotional and economical loss, adequate fertility counseling addressing patients' expectations are highly important when facing patients with poor ovarian response. The study aimed to evaluate reproductive outcomes and to identify factors associated with live birth (LB) after fresh autologous IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles of patients fulfilling the Bologna criteria for poor ovarian response (POR).
METHODS
A retrospective study included 751 IVF/ICSI treatment cycles which yielded up to three retrieved oocytes, at a tertiary referral hospital between January 2016 and February 2020. A logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders.
RESULTS
Clinical pregnancy and LB rate per cycle were significantly higher among women younger versus older than 40 years (9.8% and 6.8% vs 4.5% and 2.1%, p < 0.01, respectively). Patients who achieved LB were significantly younger, had higher number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate and top-quality embryos (p < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis identified patient's age (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.845-0.97; p = 0.005) and mean number retrieved oocytes (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.20-3.16; p = 0.007) as factors significantly associated with the probability of a LB.
CONCLUSIONS
The woman's age and the number of retrieved oocytes are both independent predicting factors of live birth in poor ovarian responders. Considering the risks, the high financial investment and poor reproductive outcomes involved in IVF treatments, raises questions regarding the adequacy of providing treatments in these patients' population. POR younger than 40 years may represent a possible exception due to acceptable probability for a LB.
Topics: Birth Rate; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Live Birth; Male; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies; Semen
PubMed: 36180882
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01964-y