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Eye (London, England) Aug 2021Typical ocular coloboma is caused by defective closure of the embryonal fissure. The occurrence of coloboma can be sporadic, hereditary (known or unknown gene defects)... (Review)
Review
Typical ocular coloboma is caused by defective closure of the embryonal fissure. The occurrence of coloboma can be sporadic, hereditary (known or unknown gene defects) or associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Ocular colobomata are more often associated with systemic abnormalities when caused by chromosomal abnormalities. The ocular manifestations vary widely. At one extreme, the eye is hardly recognisable and non-functional-having been compressed by an orbital cyst, while at the other, one finds minimalistic involvement that hardly affects the structure and function of the eye. In the fundus, the variability involves the size of the coloboma (anteroposterior and transverse extent) and the involvement of the optic disc and fovea. The visual acuity is affected when coloboma involves disc and fovea, or is complicated by occurrence of retinal detachment, choroidal neovascular membrane, cataract, amblyopia due to uncorrected refractive errors, etc. While the basic birth anomaly cannot be corrected, most of the complications listed above are correctable to a great extent. Current day surgical management of coloboma-related retinal detachments has evolved to yield consistently good results. Cataract surgery in these eyes can pose a challenge due to a combination of microphthalmos and relatively hard lenses, resulting in increased risk of intra-operative complications. Prophylactic laser retinopexy to the border of choroidal coloboma appears to be an attractive option for reducing risk of coloboma-related retinal detachment. However, a majority of the eyes have the optic disc within the choroidal coloboma, thus making it difficult to safely administer a complete treatment.
Topics: Coloboma; Humans; Microphthalmos; Optic Disk; Retinal Detachment; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 33746210
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01501-5 -
American Family Physician Nov 2020Central retinal artery occlusions, chemical injuries, mechanical globe injuries, and retinal detachments are eye emergencies that can result in permanent vision loss if...
Central retinal artery occlusions, chemical injuries, mechanical globe injuries, and retinal detachments are eye emergencies that can result in permanent vision loss if not treated urgently. Family physicians should be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of each condition and be able to perform a basic eye examination. Patients with a central retinal artery occlusion require urgent referral for stroke evaluation and should receive therapy to lower intraocular pressure and vasodilating agents to minimize retinal ischemia. Chemical injuries require immediate irrigation of the eye to neutralize the pH of the ocular surface. A globe laceration or rupture is common in patients with a recent history of trauma from a blunt or penetrating object. Physicians should administer prophylactic oral antibiotics after a globe injury to prevent endophthalmitis. The eye should be covered with a metal shield until evaluation by an ophthalmologist. Patients with symptomatic floaters and flashing lights should be referred to an ophthalmologist for a dilated funduscopic examination to evaluate for a retinal tear or detachment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Consultants; Eye Injuries; Humans; Male; Retinal Artery Occlusion; Retinal Detachment
PubMed: 33118787
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Analytical Psychology Jun 2021This paper attempts to read the psychological and emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the archetypal images contained in patients' dreams. In these dreams,...
This paper attempts to read the psychological and emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the archetypal images contained in patients' dreams. In these dreams, symbols related to the power of nature and to extreme danger are paired with feelings of detachment that seem to point to a traumatic dissociation, due to the archetypal experience that erupts in familiar surroundings. Through the humanization of the ineffable experience, dissociation, which in the beginning of the pandemic showed in high levels of anxiety, panic attacks and depersonalization, can be transformed into the overview needed for the search for meaning. The container for this process of transformation is the analyst, the real, virtual or imagined one, and his or her ability to relate and feel.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Dreams; Humans; Professional-Patient Relations; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychotherapeutic Processes
PubMed: 34231897
DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12676 -
Cureus Apr 2024Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an idiopathic immune-related sickness that affects multiple systems and melanocytes in organs such as the uvea, ear, and meninges.... (Review)
Review
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an idiopathic immune-related sickness that affects multiple systems and melanocytes in organs such as the uvea, ear, and meninges. The primary cause of activity is cellular immunological responses. Vogt-Koyanagi disease is identified primarily by skin abnormalities and anterior uveitis. Harada's illness is distinguished by neurological symptoms and exudative retinal detachments, which are associated with the and genes. Pigmented races, such as Hispanics and Native Americans, are more likely to have VKH disease. Clinical features are blurred vision, floaters, alopecia, vitiligo, diffuse choroidal inflammation with disc edema, and exudative retinal detachment. Differential diagnoses include posterior scleritis, uveal effusion syndrome, central serous chorioretinopathy, and sympathetic ophthalmitis. The investigations used are optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), and B-scan ultrasonography (USG). Treatment is done by using systemic steroids, cycloplegics, and immunosuppressants.
PubMed: 38800227
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58867 -
Plant-environment Interactions... Aug 2021Leaf level gas-exchange measurements can be made on detached foliage to address the challenge of access to the crown of tall trees. However, detachment may impact leaf...
Leaf level gas-exchange measurements can be made on detached foliage to address the challenge of access to the crown of tall trees. However, detachment may impact leaf gas exchange. This necessitates the study of gas-exchange characteristics of foliage on detached branches to assess the feasibility of using detached branches for gas-exchange analysis. We compared photosynthetic parameters and stomatal conductance in foliage of attached and detached branches of balsam fir [ (L.) Mill.] during the growing season. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model, with fixed and random effects (branch status and measurement month, and tree number, respectively). Branch detachment had no significant effects on: (i) photosynthesis at the current ambient CO concentration (400 µmol mol, ); (ii) maximum rates of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation ( ) and regeneration ( ); (iii) the ratio of to (i.e., : ), and (iv) stomatal conductance ( ) during the study period ( = 0.120-0.335). There was a strong seasonal effect on all gas-exchange variables ( ≤ 0.001-0.015). Gas-exchange measurements made on detached foliage during the warm summer months should be performed with care. Reliable gas-exchange measurements can be obtained using balsam fir foliage on detached branches 50-80 cm in length, in cooler growing-season months, up to 30 min after detachment.
PubMed: 37283699
DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10059 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jul 2021Scaffold-free tissue engineered cell sheet is an emerging technology in biomedical field. It can avoid the adverse effects of scaffold materials, and can be further... (Review)
Review
Scaffold-free tissue engineered cell sheet is an emerging technology in biomedical field. It can avoid the adverse effects of scaffold materials, and can be further assembled to form more complex three-dimensional functional tissues. The construction of cell sheet is mainly based on the culture substrate composed of sensitive materials. By changing the stimulation factors such as temperature, enzyme, light, ion, redox, pH and sugar, the adhesion behavior of the substrate to the cells could be changed to make the cells detach naturally, thus generating the cell sheet. Recent years have seen the development of various simple and efficient construction technologies of cell sheet due to the development of a variety of novel sensitive culture substrates. The resulted cell sheets with excellent performance have greatly expanded their applications. This review summarized the construction methods of tissue engineered cell sheet and discussed the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
Topics: Temperature; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 34327905
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200520 -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Mar 2021Animals can be permanently attached to a substrate in terrestrial environments at certain stages of their development. Pupa adhesion has evolved multiple times in...
Animals can be permanently attached to a substrate in terrestrial environments at certain stages of their development. Pupa adhesion has evolved multiple times in insects and is thought to maintain the animal in a place where it is not detectable by predators. Here, we investigate whether pupa adhesion in can also protect the animal by preventing potential predators from detaching the pupa. We measured the adhesion of species sampled from the same area and found that pupa adhesion varies among species, which can be explained by different glue production strategies. Then, we compared attached and manually detached pupae in both field and laboratory assays to investigate the role of pupa adhesion to prevent predation. First, we found that attached pupae remain onsite 30% more than detached pupae in the field after 3 days, probably because they are less predated. Second, we observed that attached pupae are less efficiently predated by ants in the laboratory: they are not carried back to the ant nest and more ants are needed to consume them onsite. Our results show that pupa adhesion can prevent the animal from being taken away by predators and is crucial for fly survival.
Topics: Animals; Ants; Drosophila; Insecta; Predatory Behavior; Pupa
PubMed: 33726597
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0088