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Urology Annals 2021Myiasis is caused by the presence of dipterous larvae in humans and animals. It is usually associated with poor hygienic conditions. A urologist rarely comes across...
Myiasis is caused by the presence of dipterous larvae in humans and animals. It is usually associated with poor hygienic conditions. A urologist rarely comes across myiasis. We report a case of myiasis around a recently placed nephrostomy tube. A 55-year-old male farmer from a rural area underwent right percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The procedure was terminated because of bradycardia and arrhythmia. There were residual calculi. A nephrostomy was kept. His relook nephroscopy was planned, but he was not willing. Hence, he was discharged with an indwelling nephrostomy tube. Two weeks later, he presented with severe pain around the right nephrostomy tube with surrounding pruritus. The wound hygiene was poor. He was found to have maggots around the nephrostomy tube. These were treated by local instillation of turpentine oil and oral and topical ivermectin, followed by manual removal of the maggots.
PubMed: 34759660
DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_185_20 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022, known as drain fly, is a non-hematophagous insect of the Psychodidae family with worldwide distribution, particularly in tropical and temperate areas. It can be found... (Review)
Review
, known as drain fly, is a non-hematophagous insect of the Psychodidae family with worldwide distribution, particularly in tropical and temperate areas. It can be found near sewer drains, sewage treatment plants, plant pots, swamps, and any other place containing decaying or moist organic matter. It has been introduced in several publications as the causative agent of myiasis in humans. A case presentation, together with a compilation of findings from a database, including 51 scientific publications in the literature, allowed us to overview critically in detail the variable aspects of epidemiology, life cycle, biology, and medical importance of this insect and its probable role in human myiasis. The absence of a precise definition of myiasis and the lack of incontestable epidemiological, entomological, and clinical evidence in the articles introducing as a causative agent led us to interrogate its role in human myiasis. It is necessary to take into account this misinterpretation and make an accurate diagnosis based on the isolation of insect larvae from the corresponding lesion.
PubMed: 36140530
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092129 -
Respirology Case Reports Jan 2022This is a video showing a case of nasal myiasis under direct visualization with flexible bronchoscopy in a patient admitted with septic shock and metastatic prostate...
This is a video showing a case of nasal myiasis under direct visualization with flexible bronchoscopy in a patient admitted with septic shock and metastatic prostate cancer. Microbiology revealed larvae.
PubMed: 34987829
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.892 -
International Journal of Infectious... Sep 2022Myiasis refers to infestation of living animals or humans by maggots or fly larvae. Urogenital myiasis is a rare condition that is linked to poor sanitary conditions and...
Myiasis refers to infestation of living animals or humans by maggots or fly larvae. Urogenital myiasis is a rare condition that is linked to poor sanitary conditions and limited access to healthcare and with few published case reports. Here, we describe the case of a 67-year-old homeless woman with multiple comorbidities, who presented with extensive vaginal myiasis requiring inpatient management with ivermectin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole and daily larvae extraction and debridement. The relevance of this case is providing a report of a successful management with ivermectin of a case of severe vaginal myiasis. Severe cases of vaginal myiasis can require repeated debridement of necrotic tissue and systemic antibiotics in addition to antiparasitic medication. People living under poor sanitary conditions and with poor hygienic practices are at increased risk for severe vaginal myiasis.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Female; Humans; Ivermectin; Larva; Myiasis; Vagina
PubMed: 35718295
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.021 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Jun 2023The is one of the most important causative agents of nasal myiasis in camels. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, histopathological effects, and molecular...
The is one of the most important causative agents of nasal myiasis in camels. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, histopathological effects, and molecular identification of infestation in camels of Kerman province, South-Eastern Iran, between 2019 and 2021. The larvae were placed in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluation and species identification. Pieces of larval abdominal segments of were selected for extraction of DNA. Partial mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced for final analysis. Out of the 870 camels examined, 339 (38.9%) were infested with larval stages of . There was a significant difference between age and infection rate ( = 0.001), while no association between males and females ( = 0.074) was found. The infection rate was significantly higher in the winter ( < 0.001) than in the other seasons. In this study, different lesions depending on duration, locations, and the depth of larval adhesion notably degeneration changes, necrosis, and ulceration were observed. Also, in chronic cases, granulation tissue reactions were organized. was confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis using mitochondrial CO1 region. A 582 bp nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank under the MW136151 accession number. Phylogenetic analysis of CO1 produced a single uniform sister clade to MZ209004 and MW167083 records from China and Iraq, respectively. The high prevalence of in camels in this region and other areas of Iran declares that the country is in an endemic status and displays the existence of the potential risk for camels.
PubMed: 37193486
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01580-z -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Oct 2019Myiasis due to Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is an important obligate zoonotic disease in the OIE-list of diseases and is found throughout much of...
BACKGROUND
Myiasis due to Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is an important obligate zoonotic disease in the OIE-list of diseases and is found throughout much of Africa, the Indian subcontinent, southeast and east Asia. C. bezziana myiasis causes not only morbidity and death to animals and humans, but also economic losses in the livestock industries. Because of the aggressive and destructive nature of this disease in hosts, we initiated this study to provide a comprehensive understanding of human myiasis caused by C. bezziana.
METHODS
We searched the databases in English (PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, and Duxiu), and international government online reports to 6th February, 2019, to identify studies concerning C. bezziana. Another ten human cases in China and Papua New Guinea that our team had recorded were also included.
RESULTS
We retrieved 1,048 reports from which 202 studies were ultimately eligible for inclusion in the present descriptive analyses. Since the first human case due to C. bezziana was reported in 1909, we have summarized 291 cases and found that these cases often occurred in patients with poor hygiene, low socio-economic conditions, old age, and underlying diseases including infections, age-related diseases, and noninfectious chronic diseases. But C. bezziana myiasis appears largely neglected as a serious medical or veterinary condition, with human and animal cases only reported in 16 and 24 countries respectively, despite this fly species being recorded in 44 countries worldwide.
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that cryptic myiasis cases due to the obligate parasite, C. bezziana, are under-recognized. Through this study on C. bezziana etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control, we call for more vigilance and awareness of the disease from governments, health authorities, clinicians, veterinary workers, nursing homes, and also the general public.
Topics: Animals; Databases, Factual; Diptera; Humans; Hygiene; Life Cycle Stages; Screw Worm Infection; Socioeconomic Factors; Treatment Outcome; Zoonoses
PubMed: 31618203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007391 -
Ochsner Journal 2020Myiasis is a disease caused by the infestation of human tissue by the larval stage of various flies. It has been identified in sub-Saharan Africa and in tropical parts...
Myiasis is a disease caused by the infestation of human tissue by the larval stage of various flies. It has been identified in sub-Saharan Africa and in tropical parts of the Americas. Cases have also been identified among travelers returning to the United States. Infestations may involve any part of the body, including the scalp, and open wounds may become infected with these larvae. The primary cause of wound myiasis in the western hemisphere is . We present a case of wound myiasis in an adult Haitian male with a persistent wound for 2 years. To our knowledge, only 1 other report of wound myiasis in Haiti caused by has been published. Wound myiasis can occur in many tropical regions of the world, including Haiti. Because of the prevalence of global travel, clinicians should be familiar with the condition's diagnosis and management.
PubMed: 33071671
DOI: 10.31486/toj.19.0073 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2020Myiasis by , the zoonotic infestation with Diptera larvae, primarily diagnosed in goats and rams in tropical and Mediterranean countries, is an uncommon disease in...
Myiasis by , the zoonotic infestation with Diptera larvae, primarily diagnosed in goats and rams in tropical and Mediterranean countries, is an uncommon disease in humans; indeed, literature data are still lacking. Nevertheless, few cases of human myiasis have been reported, leading to benign or severe complications. Here, we report a rare case of human rhinomyiasis detected in Northern Italy. A 39-year-old Italian woman, returning from vacation in Corsica, showed several sinusal symptoms and progressive asthenia and was therefore admitted at the Otorhinolaryngology Unit of Biella Hospital, Italy. Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity revealed some formations, morphologically identified as larvae. The patient then underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, followed by complete resolution of symptoms. Clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up and therapeutic procedures have been compared with few other cases found in the literature.
Topics: Adult; Asthenia; Female; France; Humans; Myiasis; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Nose Diseases; Travel-Related Illness
PubMed: 33318268
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236421 -
Medicine Jan 2020Myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by fly larvae of the Diptera order that infest human and other vertebrate animal tissues. Orbital myiasis is a potentially... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by fly larvae of the Diptera order that infest human and other vertebrate animal tissues. Orbital myiasis is a potentially destructive infestation of the orbital tissues, which may affect individuals with previous ocular diseases or disorders of consciousness.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 72-year-old man presented with a complaint of repeated pain for two years after trauma to his right eyelid and aggravated symptoms with larvae wriggling out for 2 days. An orbital computed tomography scan revealed right eyeball protrusion and periocular soft tissue edema. Two days later, magnetic resonance imaging showed that the shape of the right eyeball was changed and that the normal structure of the eyeball could not be identified.
DIAGNOSES
Due to the patient's symptoms and imaging examination results, the diagnosis of orbital myiasis was made.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient was treated by exenteration of the right orbit, and all necrotic tissues and larvae were removed. The defect was repaired via reconstruction with a pedicled musculocutaneous flap from the forehead region. Antibiotics and tetanus toxoid therapy were utilized to prevent potential bacterial infection.
OUTCOMES
The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged uneventfully. During the 6-month follow-up period, the wound healed well.
LESSONS
Advanced age and untreated eye trauma are risk factors for orbital myiasis. Timely removal of larvae and elimination of infections are important measures for protecting the eyeball.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Diptera; Eye Enucleation; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Myiasis; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 31977893
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018879 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jun 2022Myiasis has been reported as a complication of fracture treatment with external fixation. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the possible re-emergence of myiasis...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Myiasis has been reported as a complication of fracture treatment with external fixation. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the possible re-emergence of myiasis as a complication of surgery and the use of metal fixators.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 45-year-old male, non-diabetic, chronic alcoholic treated with external bone fixation and flap coverage for Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB comminuted fracture of shaft of left tibia and fibula with intact distal neuro-vascular system presented with multiple maggots with foul-smelling discharge from the pin tract. A diagnosis of abscess with pin-tract myiasis was made and managed with wound debridement and complete removal of maggots.
CONCLUSION
We report this rare pin-tract complication to acknowledge how simple precautions, wound care, and avoidance of risk factors play a vital role in preventing such infestations. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the possible re-emergence of myiasis as a complication of surgery and the use of metal fixators.
PubMed: 35636216
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107247