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Journal of the American Society For... Apr 2021Immunohistochemistry (IHC) combined with fluorescence microscopy provides an important and widely used tool for researchers and pathologists to image multiple biomarkers...
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) combined with fluorescence microscopy provides an important and widely used tool for researchers and pathologists to image multiple biomarkers in tissue specimens. However, multiplex IHC using standard fluorescence microscopy is generally limited to 3-5 different biomarkers, with hyperspectral or multispectral methods limited to 8. We report the development of a new technology based on novel photocleavable mass-tags (PC-MTs) for facile antibody labeling, which enables highly multiplexed IHC based on MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-IHC). This approach significantly exceeds the multiplexity of both fluorescence- and previous cleavable mass-tag-based methods. Up to 12-plex MALDI-IHC was demonstrated on mouse brain, human tonsil, and breast cancer tissues specimens, reflecting the known molecular composition, anatomy, and pathology of the targeted biomarkers. Novel dual-labeled fluorescent PC-MT antibodies and label-free small-molecule mass spectrometric imaging greatly extend the capability of this new approach. MALDI-IHC shows promise for use in the fields of tissue pathology, tissue diagnostics, therapeutics, and precision medicine.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Chemistry; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Microspheres; Palatine Tonsil; Peptides; Photochemistry; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Streptavidin; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33631930
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00473 -
Immunologic Research Dec 2021A potential connection between tonsillectomy and the development of various cancer types has repeatedly been reported in the scientific literature, but many studies have... (Review)
Review
A potential connection between tonsillectomy and the development of various cancer types has repeatedly been reported in the scientific literature, but many studies have contradicted these observations. Thus, we have no clear evidence, neither to firmly support nor to refute the above-mentioned connection. Here, I suggest that the main reason for the lack of clearer evidence is that the investigations have so far mainly used incorrect sample groups. I propose that individual differences in the tonsils' involvement in immune reactions should be taken into account to solve this long-standing puzzle.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 34523058
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09230-3 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a powerful molecular technique that enables direct visualisation of specific bacterial species. Few studies have established...
Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a powerful molecular technique that enables direct visualisation of specific bacterial species. Few studies have established FISH protocols for tonsil tissue in Carnoy's fixative, accordingly limiting its application to investigate the pathogenesis of tonsillar hyperplasia. Tonsil tissue from 24 children undergoing tonsillectomy for either recurrent tonsillitis or sleep-disordered breathing were obtained during a previous study. The specificity of each of the five FISH probes (Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas spp.) were successfully optimised using pure and mixed bacterial isolates, and in Carnoy's fixed tonsil tissue. Bacteroides spp. were present in 100% of patients with microcolonies. In comparison, the prevalence of Fusobacterium spp. was 93.8%, Streptococcus spp. 85.7%, H. influenzae 82.35% and Pseudomonas spp. 76.5%. Notable differences in the organisation of bacterial taxa within a single microcolony were also observed. This is the first study to establish a robust FISH protocol identifying multiple aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in Carnoy's fixed tonsil tissue. This protocol provides a strong foundation for combining histological and microbiological analyses of Carnoy's fixed tonsil samples. It may also have important implications on the analysis of microorganisms in other human tissues prepared using the same techniques.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Fixatives; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Palatine Tonsil; Streptococcus; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 35858968
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16309-w -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Dec 2022The ingested foreign body is one of the commonest emergencies encountered by otolaryngologists Depending on the shape and duration of impaction, a small number of...
The ingested foreign body is one of the commonest emergencies encountered by otolaryngologists Depending on the shape and duration of impaction, a small number of foreign bodies (1-2%) can perforate the wall of the gastrointestinal Tract. A migrated foreign body may remain quiescent or cause life-threatening suppurative and vascular complications. Data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records in a tertiary care hospital in South India from 2010 to 2020. Fifteen patients diagnosed with migrated foreign body and who underwent neck exploration were included in the study. Demographic details, mode of presentation, clinical and radiological findings, rigid esophagoscopy findings, neck exploration techniques employed were noted. The mean age of the patients was 37.66 years. All patients had a history of dysphagia, odynophagia, and point tenderness. All the patients underwent a lateral neck radiograph, and it was positive in 12 patients (80%), while in 3 patients (20%), it was negative. All the patients had a positive finding in Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography. Esophagoscopy was done prior to neck exploration to identify the site of injury and the probable site of migration. All the patients underwent lateral neck exploration, and foreign body was removed. Migrated foreign body can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and managed early. Strong suspicion and a systematic approach are needed for the diagnosis and management.
PubMed: 36742716
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02890-5 -
BMJ Open Apr 2022To compare the application of indications, demographics, surgical and haemostatic techniques in tonsil surgery in three countries. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To compare the application of indications, demographics, surgical and haemostatic techniques in tonsil surgery in three countries.
DESIGN
Non-randomised, prospective, observational cohort.
SETTING
All patients registered in the National Tonsil Surgery Quality Registers in Sweden, Norway and West Jutland, Denmark.
PARTICIPANTS
Data were retrieved from 2017 to 2019; registered surgeries: Sweden: 20 833; Norway: 10 294 and West Jutland, Denmark: 505.
RESULTS
Tonsil surgery for obstruction was twice as common in Sweden (62.2%) compared with Norway (31%) and Denmark (27.7%). Recurrent tonsillitis was registered twice as frequently in Norway (35.7%) and Denmark (39%) compared with Sweden (16.7%). Chronic tonsillitis was registered more frequently in Norway (29.8%) than in Sweden (13.8%) and Denmark (12.7%). Day surgery (>76%) was comparable. The higher frequency of obstruction in Sweden affected age and gender distributions: Sweden (7 years, 50.4% boys), Norway (17 y, 42.1%) and Denmark (19 y, 38.4%). For obstructive disorders, tonsillotomy with adenoidectomy was used in a majority of Swedish children (72%), whereas tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy dominated in Norway (53.5%) and Denmark (57.9%). Cold steel was the technique of choice for tonsillectomy in all three countries. For tonsillotomy, hot dissection techniques dominated in all countries. Disparities were observed with regard to haemostatic techniques. Bipolar diathermy was commonly used in all countries. Monopolar diathermy was practically only used in Sweden. Infiltration with epinephrine in the tonsillar bed was registered in Sweden and Norway but not at all in Denmark. Combined cold surgical and cold haemostatic techniques were more commonly used in Sweden (22.7%) than in Norway (10.4%) and Denmark (6.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates disparities among the Nordic countries in tonsil surgery in terms of indications plus surgical and haemostatic techniques. Increased coverage and further monitoring of outcomes is needed to identify best practices and ideal guidelines for improved care.
Topics: Child; Denmark; Female; Humans; Male; Norway; Palatine Tonsil; Prospective Studies; Registries; Sweden; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 35477880
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056551 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Jan 2021To investigate the effects of postoperative surgical treatment of infantile adenoidal hypertrophy on children, the recurrence rate, and the changes in immune levels...
To investigate the effects of postoperative surgical treatment of infantile adenoidal hypertrophy on children, the recurrence rate, and the changes in immune levels before and after surgery. Low temperature plasma ablation was performed in 11 infants with adenoidal hypertrophy to evaluate the risk of postoperative anesthesia and the effect of surgery on recurrence rate and immunity. During the follow-up period of 3 to 6 months, 2 patients had recurrence(18.18%), including 1 case with round pillow hyperplasia and 1 case with tonsil reactive hyperplasia. Three months after surgery, the immune level did not decrease significantly compared with that before surgery. No serious complications occurred in all children. Infants with adenoidal hypertrophy fall asleep, snoring, open mouth breathing, and belching seriously affect the quality of sleep and growth. Children who have been ineffective for more than 2 months undergo low-temperature plasma ablation. General anesthesia is safer. After that, the sleep quality of the children was significantly improved, and the immunity did not decrease significantly. Low temperature plasma ablation in infants with adenoidal hypertrophy is safe and effective, but it is not a routine treatment. Clinical symptoms are easy to repeat. The indications for surgery should be appropriately weighed.
Topics: Adenoids; Child; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Mouth Breathing; Palatine Tonsil; Snoring
PubMed: 33540971
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.01.010 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 2022Accidental swallowing of fish bone is one of the most common emergencies in the otolaryngology department. The impacted fish bones are usually found in the palatine...
Accidental swallowing of fish bone is one of the most common emergencies in the otolaryngology department. The impacted fish bones are usually found in the palatine tonsil, base of the tongue, valleculae, pyriform sinus, and esophagus, which can be successfully removed after a thorough examination. However, in some cases, the fish bone may penetrate into the neck soft tissue and migrate to extraluminal organs, causing infection, abscess formation, or rupture of vessels. In such cases, prompt recognition and immediate removal of the impacted fish bone are necessary. Herein, we report a rare case of a 60-year-old woman who had accidently swallowed a fish bone 10 days prior to visiting the outpatient department. The fiberoptic scope and head and neck computed tomography scans were obtained from the outpatient department. The fish bone was found to migrate from the upper esophagus to the left thyroid gland. First, a rigid esophageal endoscopy was performed in the operating room, but no obvious fish bone was noted over the esophagus. Finally, the fish bone was removed via exploratory cervicotomy with left-sided total lobectomy of the thyroid. The patient recovered after the operation, and there were no further complications during the 3 years of follow-up.
PubMed: 35348022
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221086032 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2021
Topics: Adolescent; Calculi; Humans; Male; Medical Illustration; Palatine Tonsil; Pharyngeal Diseases; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 32182137
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320908484 -
Clinical Case Reports Apr 2022Surgery can treat sleep apnea. An elderly male underwent lingual/palatine tonsillectomy for OSA. He was then found to have T3N2 p16+ squamous cell carcinoma. He is...
Surgery can treat sleep apnea. An elderly male underwent lingual/palatine tonsillectomy for OSA. He was then found to have T3N2 p16+ squamous cell carcinoma. He is receiving chemoradiation. Recognition of occult malignancy in tonsillectomy specimens may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment for patients following sleep apnea surgery.
PubMed: 35425596
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5686 -
Diagnostic Pathology May 2022Malignant schwannoma is a malignant tumor of differentiation of Schwann cells or perineural cells.
INTRODUCTION
Malignant schwannoma is a malignant tumor of differentiation of Schwann cells or perineural cells.
OBSERVATION
The patient was a 74-year-old woman with no particular pathological history. She presented swallowing difficulty of solids and odynophagia, evolving for 1 year. Physical examination revealed a budding tumor of the left palatine tonsil without cervical adenopathy. The CT scan confirmed the lesions and the absence of tumor extensions. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy sample of the tonsil tumor concluded to be a malignant schwannoma. The patient underwent a tonsillectomy with postoperative follow-up.
DISCUSSION
Malignant schwannomas are aggressive tumors. They usually occur in young adults. They mainly affect nerves and soft tissues. Occurrence in the amygdala is rare.
CONCLUSION
The association of malignant schwannoma of the palatine tonsil and advanced age is rare.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibrosarcoma; Palatine Tonsil; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 35637541
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01226-3