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The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Oct 2020Potassium iodide (KI), initially derived from seaweed in the early 19th century, is used for treating sporotrichosis in dermatological practice. KI has also been used to...
Potassium iodide (KI), initially derived from seaweed in the early 19th century, is used for treating sporotrichosis in dermatological practice. KI has also been used to treat several noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the improvement in such skin diseases remain unknown, and KI is not used widely. Thus, although KI is an old drug, physicians may not prescribe it frequently because they lack knowledge about it. Although KI is very inexpensive and causes few side effects, it has been superseded by new powerful and expensive drugs, such as biological agents. We applied 3% KI topically to areas of inflammation induced by SDS in mice. The levels of IL-1 and TNF-α gene expression were reduced, whereas that of IL-10 gene expression was increased. Small interfering RNA that was designed to reduce IL-10 gene expression levels was injected into the same mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects of KI were not observed. Thus, the pharmacologic action of KI is based on its anti-inflammatory effects caused by the increase in IL-10 levels. This information would increase dermatologists' awareness of KI as an efficacious and cost-effective treatment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Dermatitis; Female; Interleukin-10; Interleukins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Potassium Iodide; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
PubMed: 32109455
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.028 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 2021Entomophthoramycosis is a rare fungal infection of nose, paranasal sinuses and subcutaneous tissues found in tropical and subtropical region. From India very few cases...
Entomophthoramycosis is a rare fungal infection of nose, paranasal sinuses and subcutaneous tissues found in tropical and subtropical region. From India very few cases have been reported. Here we report a case of Entomophthoramycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus from the eastern India who presented with slowly growing rhinofacial swelling and right sided nasal obstruction due to intranasal mass. The case was diagnosed by typical histopathological findings of broad aseptate hyphae with surrounding eosinophilic granular material (Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon) on microscopy of nasal biopsy material and confirmed by PCR assay of DNA and sequencing from biopsy tissue. Treatment with saturated solution of potassium iodide and itraconazole was successful and clinical cure was attained in 8 months.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Biopsy; Face; Humans; India; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 35034927
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01095 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The orphan but highly virulent pathogen causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs....
The orphan but highly virulent pathogen causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs. Antimicrobial drugs show limited efficacy in treating pythiosis. Alternative drugs effective against the pathogen are needed. In-house drug susceptibility tests (i.e., broth dilution, disc diffusion, and radial growth assays) have been established, some of which adapted the standard protocols (i.e., CLSI M38-A2 and CLSI M51) designed for fungi. Hyphal plug, hyphal suspension, and zoospore are inocula commonly used in the drug susceptibility assessment for . A side-by-side comparison demonstrated that each method had advantages and limitations. Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations of a drug varied depending on the selected method. Material availability, user experience, and organism and drug quantities determined which susceptibility assay should be used. We employed the hyphal plug and a combination of broth dilution and radial growth methods to screen and validate the anti- activities of several previously reported chemicals, including potassium iodide, triamcinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol, in which data on their anti- efficacy are limited. We tested each chemical against 29 genetically diverse isolates of . These chemicals possessed direct antimicrobial effects on the growth of the pathogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting their potential application in pythiosis treatment. Future attempts should focus on standardizing these drug susceptibility methods, such as determining susceptibility/resistant breakpoints, so healthcare workers can confidently interpret a result and select an effective drug against .
PubMed: 36354883
DOI: 10.3390/jof8111116 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jan 2022Potassium iodide (KI) is used for reducing the degree of black staining occurred after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application. However, the optimal KI concentration...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Potassium iodide (KI) is used for reducing the degree of black staining occurred after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application. However, the optimal KI concentration remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of KI that effectively reduces black staining after SDF application.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four extracted teeth with similar pattern of carious lesions were assigned into 6 groups as follows: 1) SDF only, 2) SDF+7.5%KI, 3) SDF+10%KI, 4) SDF+15%KI, 5) SDF+20%KI, and 6) SDF+saturated KI. The KI solution was applied immediately after SDF application. Tooth images were obtained for color measurement at different time points as followed; before SDF application, immediately after SDF application, immediately after KI application, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after SDF+KI application. The photographs were analyzed for mean gray value using the ImageJ program.
RESULTS
The KI groups demonstrated a dose-dependent significant immediate reduction in black staining after KI application, except the saturated KI group. The teeth in the 20% KI group had the highest Δ mean gray value compared with other groups immediately after KI application, whereas a reduction in black staining in the saturated KI group appeared 1 day after KI application. The Δ mean gray value in all groups decreased over time. After 7 and 14 days, the reduction in black staining was not clearly different between KI groups.
CONCLUSION
KI application was able to reduce the degree of black staining in a dose-dependent manner, but the subsequent color change was minimal over the period of 14 days.
PubMed: 35028051
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.014 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022To evaluate the remineralization potential of prepared tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste compared to silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide (SDF-KI) and casein...
To evaluate the remineralization potential of prepared tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste compared to silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide (SDF-KI) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on artificial enamel lesions. Thirty permanent sound molars were collected for the study. After cleaning, root cutting, and applying acid-resistant nail varnish, leaving a 4 × 4 mm buccal window, the teeth were subjected to demineralization process. The teeth were divided into three treatment groups (n = 10). In each group, the teeth were sectioned buccolingually to obtain two halves (30 self-control and 30 experimental halves). The self-control halves were subjected to cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 50, 100, and 150 µm from the external enamel surface, and micromorphological analysis at the superficial enamel surface. The experimental halves were subjected to the same tests after 30 days of remineralization. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) outcomes showed no significant difference in CSMH after treatment among the three different groups at the different levels (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, three-way ANOVA outcomes showed a significant difference in calcium/ phosphate ratio after treatment among the three different groups at the different levels. (p < 0.05). The tricalcium silicate paste used in this study showed potential remineralization in subsurface enamel lesions.
Topics: Calcium Compounds; Caseins; Dental Enamel; Molar; Silicates; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 35705597
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13608-0 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Feb 2023Cutaneous sporotrichosis is prevalent worldwide and a common subcutaneous fungal disease in northeast China. The incidence of cutaneous sporotrichosis in southern China...
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous sporotrichosis is prevalent worldwide and a common subcutaneous fungal disease in northeast China. The incidence of cutaneous sporotrichosis in southern China cannot be ignored. Previous studies have revealed differences between different regions in China regarding populations susceptible to infection, cause of infection, and pathological mechanisms of sporotrichosis. Therefore, This study aimed to analyze the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous sporotrichosis in different regions of China to provide a reference for regional prevention, control, and treatment.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP for published reports on cutaneous sporotrichosis in China. The information about the characteristics of populations getting cutaneous sporotrichosis, causes of infection, disease types, and treatment regimens was extracted from studies to construct a knowledge database of cutaneous sporotrichosis in China. Taking the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line as the boundary to divide China into the northern and southern, the epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous sporotrichosis in two parts of China were analyzed.
RESULTS
In northern China, more women than men get cutaneous sporotrichosis (60.4% 39.6%), while it is the other way around in southern China (men women: 50.6% 49.4%). In northern China, the incidence of this disease was more concentrated in spring (34.0%) and winter (35.7%), while in southern China, this disease frequently spread in spring (48.1%) and summer (26.9%). In the north, cutaneous sporotrichosis usually affected the face (50.1%) and limbs (45.3%), while in the south, it targets limbs (72.6%). In northern China, potassium iodide (30.5%) and combination therapy (37.8%) were preferred, while in southern China, potassium iodide (86.0%) was the main choice. Although there was a significant difference in treatment regimens (P<0.05), no significant difference emerged in cure rates between northern and southern China (98.5% 98.4%, P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
It is the first retrospective study on sporotrichosis in China. It describes the prevention of sporotrichosis in China since it was first reported and also reflects the differences in sporotrichosis between the northern and southern of China. This study provides a valuable reference for the prevention, control, and treatment of sporotrichosis in different regions of China.
PubMed: 36923077
DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-448 -
The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences Feb 2021Triiodothyronine (T3)-predominant Graves' disease is characterized by increased serum free T3 (FT3) levels after free thyroxine (FT4) levels become normal or even low...
Triiodothyronine (T3)-predominant Graves' disease is characterized by increased serum free T3 (FT3) levels after free thyroxine (FT4) levels become normal or even low during antithyroid drug treatment. We encountered a 34-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 5 para 4, who was complicated by T3-predominant Graves' disease. She was diagnosed with Graves' disease at 20 years old, and had received methimazole. Methimazole was changed to potassium iodide to reduce the risk of congenital anomalies during the first trimester. The dose of antithyroid drugs was adjusted based on maternal FT4 levels, so that maternal Graves' disease deteriorated and fetal goitrous hyperthyroidism appeared during the second trimester. Since the fetus presented goiter and tachycardia at 27-28 gestational weeks, doses of methimazole and potassium iodide were increased. A male newborn weighing 2604 g was delivered by a cesarean section at 35 gestational weeks. The newborn was diagnosed with neonatal hyperthyroidism, and received methimazole for six months. He developed normally with normal thyroid function at 1 year old. In pregnancies complicated by T3-predominant Graves' disease, the kinds and doses of antithyroid drugs have to be carefully selected to maintain maternal levels of FT4 as well as FT3 within the normal range, considering trimesters of pregnancy, teratogenicity of medication, and maternal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody.
Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methimazole; Potassium Iodide; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnant Women; Thyroxine; Treatment Outcome; Triiodothyronine; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 33994519
DOI: No ID Found -
Dentistry Journal Aug 2022Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is radiopaque. This in vitro study compares the changes in the radiopacity of carious lesions after SDF application, potassium iodide (PI)...
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is radiopaque. This in vitro study compares the changes in the radiopacity of carious lesions after SDF application, potassium iodide (PI) application, and water rinse. Ten recently extracted human teeth were sectioned and divided into two groups (n = 10 in each group): Group 1 = SDF, Group 2 = SDF + PI. Teeth in Group 1 received SDF for 1 min and rinsed with 15 mL water. Group 2 received the same protocol with the addition of PI application for 1 min after SDF application. All samples were scanned with micro-computed tomography before SDF application, after SDF application, after PI application (group 2) and after water rinse. The radiopacity of the carious lesions increased significantly after SDF application in Group 1 and 2 (p < 0.017, p < 0.008, respectively). A significant increase in radiopacity after PI application was also observed in Group 2 (p < 0.008). Water rinsing significantly decreased the radiopacity in Group 1 and 2 (p < 0.017, p < 0.008, respectively), but the radiopacity remained significantly higher than the preoperative values (Group 1 p < 0.017, Group 2 p < 0.008). The radiopacity of carious lesions increases after SDF and SDF + PI applications. Water rinsing could reduce the radiopacity of SDF and SDF + PI treated carious lesions, and might reduce the content of SDF in carious lesions.
PubMed: 36005247
DOI: 10.3390/dj10080149 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against...
A Uniform Design Method Can Optimize the Combinatorial Parameters of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Including the Concentrations of Methylene Blue and Potassium Iodide, Light Dose, and Methylene Blue's Incubation Time, to Improve Fungicidal Effects on Candida Species.
The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against Candida species have never been defined. This study aimed to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT, including the concentrations of MB (X, 0.1-1.0 mM) and KI (X 100-400 mM), light dose (X, 10-70 J/cm), and MB's incubation time (X, 5-35 min) for three Candida species. The best MB + KI-aPDT fungicidal effects (Y) against ATCC 90028 (Y), ATCC 22019 (Y), and ATCC 2950 (Y) were investigated using a uniform design method. The regression models deduced using this method were Y = 7.126 + 1.199XX - 1.742X + 0.206X - 0.361X; Y = 10.724 - 0.867X - 1.497X + 0.560X + 1.298X; and Y = 0.892 - 0.956X + 2.296X + 1.299X - 3.316XX. The optimal combinatorial parameters inferred from the regression equations were MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 20 J/cm, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for ; MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 70 J/cm, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for ; MB 0.1 mM, KI 100 mM, a light dose of 10 J/cm, and a 35-minute incubation time of MB for . The uniform design method can optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT mediated by MB plus KI to obtain the best aPDT fungicidal effects on Candida species, providing a new method to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT for different pathogens in the future.
PubMed: 37894215
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102557 -
RSC Advances Nov 2020The addition of alkali metal halides to hybrid perovskite materials can significantly impact their crystallisation and hence their performance when used in solar cell...
The addition of alkali metal halides to hybrid perovskite materials can significantly impact their crystallisation and hence their performance when used in solar cell devices. Previous work on the use of potassium iodide (KI) in active layers to passivate defects in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskites has been shown to enhance their luminescence efficiency and reduce current-voltage hysteresis. However, the operational stability of KI passivated perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions remains largely unexplored. By investigating perovskite solar cell performance with SnO or TiO electron transport layers (ETL), we propose that defect passivation using KI is highly sensitive to the composition of the perovskite-ETL interface. We reconfirm findings from previous reports that KI preferentially interacts with bromide ions in mixed-halide perovskites, and - at concentrations >5 mol% in the precursor solution - modifies the primary absorber composition as well as leading to the phase segregation of an undesirable secondary non-perovskite phase (KBr) at high KI concentration. Importantly, by studying both material and device stability under continuous illumination and bias under ambient/high-humidity conditions, we show that this secondary phase becomes a favourable degradation product, and that devices incorporating KI have reduced stability.
PubMed: 35520836
DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07107b