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Endocrine Journal Aug 2022The effectiveness of potassium iodide (KI) (100 mg/day) was evaluated in 504 untreated patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD). Initial response to KI within 180...
The effectiveness of potassium iodide (KI) (100 mg/day) was evaluated in 504 untreated patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD). Initial response to KI within 180 days, the effect of additional methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI) or radioactive iodine (RI) in resistant or escaped patients, and long-term prognosis were evaluated. Serum fT levels became low or normal in 422 patients (83.7%, KI-sensitive group) without serious side effects. Among these patients, serum TSH levels became high (n = 92, hypothyroid) or normal (n = 78) in 170 patients (33.7%) (KI-sensitive with a recovered TSH response, Group A), but remained suppressed in 252 patients (50.0%) (KI-sensitive with TSH suppression, Group B). Serum fT levels decreased but remained high in 82 patients (16.3%) (KI-resistant, Group C). Older patients, or those with small goiter and mild GD were more KI-sensitive with a recovered TSH response than others. Escape from KI effect occurred in 0%, 36% and 82% in Group A, B and C, respectively. Patients in Group B and C were successfully treated with additional low-dosage MMI or RI. After 2-23 years' treatment (n = 429), remission (including possible remission) and spontaneous hypothyroidism were significantly more frequent in Group A (74.3% and 11.1%, respectively,) than in Groups B (46.3% and 2.8%, respectively) or C (53.6% and 1.5%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, a high KI sensitivity with a recovered TSH response was observed in about a third of the patients in GD associated with a better prognosis. Additional MMI or RI therapy was effective in escaped or KI-resistant patients with suppressed TSH level.
Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodides; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methimazole; Potassium Iodide; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 35321988
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0436 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Oct 2021The seven-membered cyclic potassium alumanyl species, [{SiN }AlK] [{SiN }={CH SiMe N(Mes)} ; Mes=2,4,6-Me C H ], which adopts a dimeric structure supported by flanking...
The seven-membered cyclic potassium alumanyl species, [{SiN }AlK] [{SiN }={CH SiMe N(Mes)} ; Mes=2,4,6-Me C H ], which adopts a dimeric structure supported by flanking K-aryl interactions, has been isolated either by direct reduction of the iodide precursor, [{SiN }AlI], or in a stepwise manner via the intermediate dialumane, [{SiN }Al] . Although the intermediate dialumane has not been observed by reduction of a Dipp-substituted analogue (Dipp=2,6-i-Pr C H ), partial oxidation of the potassium alumanyl species, [{SiN }AlK] , where {SiN }={CH SiMe N(Dipp)} , provided the extremely encumbered dialumane [{SiN }Al] . [{SiN }AlK] reacts with toluene by reductive activation of a methyl C(sp )-H bond to provide the benzyl hydridoaluminate, [{SiN }AlH(CH Ph)]K, and as a nucleophile with BPh and RN=C=NR (R=i-Pr, Cy) to yield the respective Al-B- and Al-C-bonded potassium aluminaborate and alumina-amidinate products. The dimeric structure of [{SiN }AlK] can be disrupted by partial or complete sequestration of potassium. Equimolar reactions with 18-crown-6 result in the corresponding monomeric potassium alumanyl, [{SiN }Al-K(18-cr-6)], which provides a rare example of a direct Al-K contact. In contrast, complete encapsulation of the potassium cation of [{SiN }AlK] , either by an excess of 18-cr-6 or 2,2,2-cryptand, allows the respective isolation of bright orange charge-separated species comprising the 'free' [{SiN }Al] alumanyl anion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on this moiety indicate HOMO-LUMO energy gaps in the of order 200-250 kJ mol .
PubMed: 34403562
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102682 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023In this the antibacterial of quercetin against was evaluated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)....
In this the antibacterial of quercetin against was evaluated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Subsequently, the effect of quercetin on cell membrane was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface hydrophobicity determination, diacetate fluorescein staining and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Additionally, the effects of quercetin on intracellular macromolecules and cell metabolism were explored by measuring the culture medium protein, bacterial protein and intracellular sodium and potassium adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme activity. The results revealed that quercetin exhibited the MIC and MBC values of 100 ug/mL and 400 ug/mL, respectively, against . The SEM results revealed that quercetin could induce irreversible damage to the cell membrane effectively. Moreover, quercetin could enhance the surface hydrophobicity of . The results of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed that quercetin could promote cell damage by altering the cell membrane permeability of , inducing the release of nucleic acid substances from the cells. Furthermore, the determination of protein content in the culture medium, bacterial protein content, and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity demonstrated that quercetin could reduce the intracellular protein content and impedes protein expression and ATPase synthesis effectively, leading to apoptosis.
PubMed: 38033555
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286187 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Nov 2019Conidiobolomycosis is a rare mycotic disease caused by . Very few cases have been reported in English literature. Often it is clinically misdiagnosed as soft tissue...
Conidiobolomycosis is a rare mycotic disease caused by . Very few cases have been reported in English literature. Often it is clinically misdiagnosed as soft tissue tumour. A prospective case study was done from 2006 to 2015 in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal, India. The objectives of our study were to describe the epidemiological and clinical features and treatment of Conidiobolomycosis to prevent disfigurement. Patients clinically suspected to be suffering from Conidiobolomycosis were subjected to biopsy followed by histopathological and mycological examinations. Then they were treated with oral saturated solution of potassium iodide along with other drugs. Total six cases were histopathologically proved to be suffering from Conidiobolomycosis. Fungus was isolated and identified in one case. Complete resolution was seen in five patients. Conidiobolomycosis should be brought into mind as differential diagnosis of subcutaneous swelling in the rhinofacial region.
PubMed: 31763253
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1182-6 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Jan 2022We investigated the time variation of ultrasonic degassing for air-saturated water and degassed water with a sample volume of 100 mL at frequencies of 22, 43, 129, 209,...
We investigated the time variation of ultrasonic degassing for air-saturated water and degassed water with a sample volume of 100 mL at frequencies of 22, 43, 129, 209, 305, 400, 514, 1018, and 1960 kHz and ultrasonic power of 15 W. Ultrasonic degassing was evaluated by dissolved oxygen concentration. Ultrasonic degassing was also investigated at a frequency of 1018 kHz and ultrasonic powers of 5, 10, 15, and 20 W. The dissolved oxygen concentration varied with the ultrasonic irradiation time and became constant after prolonged ultrasonic irradiation. The constant dissolved oxygen concentration value depended on the frequency and ultrasonic power but not the initial dissolved oxygen concentration. The degassing rate at 101.3 kPa was higher in the frequency range of 200 kHz to 1 MHz. The frequency dependence of the degassing rate was almost the same as that of the sonochemical efficiency obtained by the potassium iodide (KI) method. Ultrasonic degassing in the frequency range of 22-1960 kHz was also investigated under reduced pressure of 5 kPa. Degassing was accelerated when ultrasonic irradiation was applied under reduced pressure. However, under a reduced pressure of 5 kPa, the lower the frequencies, the higher is the degassing rate. The sonochemical reaction rate was examined by the KI method for varying dissolved air concentrations before ultrasonic irradiation. Cavitation did not occur when the initial dissolved oxygen concentration was less than 2 mg·L. Therefore, the lower limit of ultrasonic degassing under 101.3 kPa equals 2 mg·L dissolved oxygen concentration. A model equation for the time variation of dissolved oxygen concentration due to ultrasonic irradiation was developed, and the degassing mechanism was discussed.
PubMed: 34954631
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105890 -
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ :... Nov 2023Potassium iodide (KI) is a treatment to neutralize radioactive agents that could be inhaled or ingested in nuclear incidents. The inorganic salt KI constitutes a source...
OBJECTIVES
Potassium iodide (KI) is a treatment to neutralize radioactive agents that could be inhaled or ingested in nuclear incidents. The inorganic salt KI constitutes a source of iodine, which in the body acts by accumulating in the thyroid gland, producing its saturation, and thus preventing the fixation of radioactive iodine species. In Spain, the Military Defence Pharmacy Centre (CEMILFARDEF) was challenged to develop this antidote to be distributed among the population surrounding nuclear power plants, in only one new solid pharmaceutical form for oral administration, in order to replace the two pharmaceutical forms available, which are capsules for adults and oral solution for children, considered less versatile.
METHODS
A selection of excipients was carried out to achieve pharmacotechnical behaviour suitable for the industrial manufacture of potassium iodide in tablets, complying with the pre-established process and finished product quality parameters. The development allowed the preparation of three industrial-sized batches on which the stability of the developed formulation was studied.
RESULTS
An uncoated 65 mg double-scored potassium iodide tablet was developed using easily accessible excipients in the formulation and direct compression as the manufacturing method. The formula complied with the stability tests, with which the development carried out can respond to the eventual demand that its elaboration would entail in the event of nuclear incidents.
CONCLUSIONS
The developed formulation of a 65 mg double-scored potassium iodide tablet allows the great variability of user needs, from infants to adults with a single pharmaceutical form, which additionally implies logistical benefits in distribution, stock control and appropriate renewal according expiration dates, among the population surrounding nuclear power plants and available to deployed military personnel, in the event of potential nuclear incidents.
PubMed: 37868644
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101814 -
Biomolecules Dec 2019Follow-up studies after the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents have shown that Cs and I made up the major amount of harmful contaminants in the atmospheric dispersion and... (Review)
Review
Follow-up studies after the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents have shown that Cs and I made up the major amount of harmful contaminants in the atmospheric dispersion and fallout. Other potential sources for such radionuclide exposure may be terrorist attacks, e.g., via contamination of drinking water reservoirs. A primary purpose of radionuclide mobilization is to minimize the radiation dose. Rapid initiation of treatment of poisoned patients is imperative after a contaminating event. Internal contamination with radioactive material can expose patients to prolonged radiation, thus leading to short- and long-term clinical consequences. After the patient's emergency conditions are addressed, the treating physicians and assisting experts should assess the amount of radioactive material that has been internalized. This evaluation should include estimation of the radiation dose that is delivered and the specific radionuclides inside the body. These complex assessments warrant the reliance on a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates regional experts in radiation medicine and emergencies. Regional hospitals should have elaborated strategies for the handling of radiation emergencies. If radioactive cesium is a significant pollutant, Prussian blue is the approved antidote for internal detoxification. Upon risks of radioiodine exposure, prophylactic or immediate treatment with potassium iodide tablets is recommended. Chelators developed from calcium salts have been studied for gastrointestinal trapping and enhanced mobilization after strontium exposure.
Topics: Cesium Radioisotopes; Ferrocyanides; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Potassium Iodide; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Radiation Exposure; Radioactive Hazard Release
PubMed: 31835766
DOI: 10.3390/biom9120856 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Lead-free, bismuth-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising, non-toxic, and stable alternatives to lead-based PSCs, which are environmentally harmful and highly...
Lead-free, bismuth-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising, non-toxic, and stable alternatives to lead-based PSCs, which are environmentally harmful and highly unstable under deprived air conditions. However, bismuth-based PSCs still suffer from low-power-conversion efficiency (PCE) due to their large bandgap and poor film morphology. Their poor film-forming ability is the greatest obstacle to Cs₃Bi₂I₉ progress in thin-film solar cell technology. This study synthesizes novel, lead-free perovskites with a small bandgap, excellent stability, and highly improved photovoltaic performance by integrating different amounts of potassium iodide (KI) into a perovskite precursor solution. KI incorporation improves the crystallinity of the perovskite, increases the grain size, and decreases the potential contact distribution, which is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, electronic scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The Cs₃Bi₂I₉ PSC device with 2 vol. % incorporation of KI shows the highest PCE of 2.81% and Voc of 1.01 V as far as all the Bi-based cells fabricated for this study are concerned. The study demonstrates that incorporating KI in the Cs₃Bi₂I₉ perovskite layer highly stabilizes the resultant PSC device against humidity to the extent that it maintains 98% of the initial PCE after 90 days, which is suitable for solar cell applications. The devices also demonstrate greater resistance to airborne contaminants and high temperatures without encapsulation, opening up new possibilities for lead-free Cs₃Bi₂I₉ PSCs in future commercialization.
PubMed: 36364527
DOI: 10.3390/nano12213751 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2021Sporotrichosis is an emerging mycosis caused by members of the genus The disease affects humans and animals, particularly cats, which plays an important role in the...
Sporotrichosis is an emerging mycosis caused by members of the genus The disease affects humans and animals, particularly cats, which plays an important role in the zoonotic transmission. Feline sporotrichosis treatment options include itraconazole (ITC), potassium iodide and amphotericin B, drugs usually associated with deleterious adverse reactions and refractoriness in cats, especially when using ITC. Thus, affordable, non-toxic and clinically effective anti- agents are needed. Recently, acylhydrazones (AH), molecules targeting vesicular transport and cell cycle progression, exhibited a potent antifungal activity against several fungal species and displayed low toxicity when compared to the current drugs. In this work, the AH derivatives D13 and SB-AF-1002 were tested against and Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.12 - 1 μg/mL were observed for both species D13 and SB-AF-1002 showed an additive effect with itraconazole. Treatment with D13 promoted yeast disruption with release of intracellular components, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of exposed to the AH derivatives. AH-treated cells displayed thickening of the cell wall, discontinuity of the cell membrane and an intense cytoplasmic degeneration. In a murine model of sporotrichosis, treatment with AH derivatives was more efficient than ITC, the drug of choice for sporotrichosis. The results of the preliminary clinical study in cats indicate that D13 is safe and has potential to become a therapeutic option for sporotrichosis when associated to ITC. Our results expand the antifungal broadness of AH derivatives and suggest that these drugs could be exploited to combat sporotrichosis.
PubMed: 33593845
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02593-20 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Aug 2022Although X-ray contrast agents offer specific characteristics in terms of targeting and attenuation, their accumulation in the tissue on a cellular level is usually not...
Although X-ray contrast agents offer specific characteristics in terms of targeting and attenuation, their accumulation in the tissue on a cellular level is usually not known and difficult to access, as it requires high resolution and sensitivity. Here, quantitative near-field ptychographic X-ray computed tomography is demonstrated to assess the location of X-ray stains at a resolution sufficient to identify intracellular structures by means of a basis material decomposition. On the example of two different X-ray stains, the nonspecific iodine potassium iodide, and eosin Y, which mostly interacts with proteins and peptides in the cell cytoplasm, the distribution of the stains within the cells in murine kidney samples is assessed and compared to unstained samples with similar structural features. Quantitative nanoscopic stain concentrations are in good agreement with dual-energy micro computed tomography measurements, the state-of-the-art modality for material-selective imaging. The presented approach can be applied to a variety of X-ray stains advancing the development of X-ray contrast agents.
Topics: Animals; Coloring Agents; Contrast Media; Mice; Staining and Labeling; X-Ray Microtomography; X-Rays
PubMed: 35748171
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201723