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Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism Jun 2021To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common.
METHODS
Based on the PRISMA methodology, we conducted the search for articles in the PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases, between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. We used descriptors in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, without filters. Four clinical trials and four cohort articles were included in the review.
RESULTS
The maximum supplementation was 300 μg of potassium iodide per day. The Bayley scale and Children's Communication Checklist-Short were used to assess neurodevelopment in children. There was no significant improvement in the children's mental development index and behavioural development index in the supplemented group; however, the psychomotor development index (PDI) showed improvement in the poorer gross motor skills. We found differences in the response time to sound in the supplemented group living in mild deficiency areas.
CONCLUSION
Daily supplementation with iodine can improve poor psychomotor development of children living in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies to assess the effect of supplementation on neurodevelopment before, during and after gestation in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas.
Topics: Child; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Iodine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 34191411
DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000376 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2021The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the bactericidal potential of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) alone, potassium iodide (PI) alone, and the two in...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the bactericidal potential of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) alone, potassium iodide (PI) alone, and the two in combination (SDF + PI) against three bacterial species commonly found in root canal samples (Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Parvimonas micra).
METHODS
The potential bactericidal rates for SDF, PI and SDF + PI against E. faecalis, A. naeslundii and P. micra were calculated as reduction of bacteria colony forming units.
RESULTS
The bactericidal potential of SDF was at 99.97-100% against E. faecalis and 100% against A. naeslundii and P. micra. SDF + PI showed a 100% bactericidal effect against P. micra, 99.89-99.98% against E. faecalis and 99.98-100% against A. naeslundii. The bactericidal effect of PI was 99.51-99.98% against E. faecalis, 99.27-99.95% against A. naeslundii and 99.93-100% against P. micra. The differences between controls and bacteria exposed to the antibacterial agents were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
SDF had an effective bactericidal effect against the examined bacteria. However, the limitations of this in vitro study do not allow a recommendation of the employment of these solutions as root canal irrigants. Additional investigations are necessary to assess their endodontic clinical applicability.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterococcus faecalis; Firmicutes; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Root Canal Irrigants; Silver Compounds
PubMed: 33827520
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01531-1 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Diabetes is considered to be one of the leading causes of death globally. If diabetes is not treated and detected early, it can lead to a variety of complications. The...
Diabetes is considered to be one of the leading causes of death globally. If diabetes is not treated and detected early, it can lead to a variety of complications. The aim of this study was to develop a model that can accurately predict the likelihood of developing diabetes in patients with the greatest amount of precision. Classification algorithms are widely used in the medical field to classify data into different categories based on some criteria that are relatively restrictive to the individual classifier, Therefore, four machine learning classification algorithms, namely supervised learning algorithms (Random forest, SVM and Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree DT) and unsupervised learning algorithm (k-means), have been a technique that was utilized in this investigation to identify diabetes in its early stages. The experiments are per-formed on two databases, one extracted from the Frankfurt Hospital in Germany and the other from the database. PIMA Indian Diabetes (PIDD) provided by the UCI machine learning repository. The results obtained from the database extracted from Frankfurt Hospital, Germany, showed that the random forest algorithm outperformed with the highest accuracy of 97.6%, and the results obtained from the Pima Indian database showed that the SVM algorithm outperformed with the highest accuracy of 83.1% compared to other algorithms. The validity of these results is confirmed by the process of separating the data set into two parts: a training set and a test set, which is described below. The training set is used to develop the model's capabilities. The test set is used to put the model through its paces and determine its correctness.
Topics: Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Support Vector Machine
PubMed: 35433625
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.829519 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... 2022We present a rare case of Sweet's syndrome. A 39-year-old woman with subjective fevers, polyarthralgia, and malaise presented with worsening painful erythematous plaques...
We present a rare case of Sweet's syndrome. A 39-year-old woman with subjective fevers, polyarthralgia, and malaise presented with worsening painful erythematous plaques on the trunk, arms, and legs. Further examination with biopsy revealed a diagnosis of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, or Sweet's syndrome. Diagnosis by skin biopsy is crucial, and onset requires prompt evaluation for serious associated disorders such as leukemias, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, and infectious etiologies. In general, symptoms and cutaneous manifestations of Sweet syndrome respond rapidly to treatment with systemic corticosteroids or potassium iodide.
PubMed: 34970040
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1980307 -
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2020Potassium iodide is used as an iodine supplement in salt as part of a national program in Turkey. An overdose of iodine has a toxic effect on the retinal pigment...
Potassium iodide is used as an iodine supplement in salt as part of a national program in Turkey. An overdose of iodine has a toxic effect on the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. The case presented here is a patient who developed retinopathy following consumption of an excessive dose of iodine.
Topics: Adult; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Iodine; Male; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 32854472
DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.02686 -
Current Dermatology Reports 2022Over a period of time, sporotrichosis has arisen as one of the leading fungal infections not only in animals but humans also. Several possible reasons that contribute to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Over a period of time, sporotrichosis has arisen as one of the leading fungal infections not only in animals but humans also. Several possible reasons that contribute to its emergence include change in epidemiology and distribution, evolutionary changes in taxonomy, and several outbreaks. World Health Organization has identified sporotrichosis as one of the major neglected tropical diseases (NTD) for 2021-2030 under the category of fungal NTDs. Several factors are contributing to increases in morbidity due to sporotrichosis such as delayed diagnosis and unavailability of appropriate antifungal therapy, which lead to redundant and inappropriate treatment with associate costs and adverse effects.
RECENT FINDINGS
The potassium iodide is the first line of treatment for cutaneous forms while amphotericin B is used for the most severe cases of the disease. The limited medication arsenal, side effects, failure of therapy, and the advent of drug-resistant isolates emphasize the need for the development of new therapeutic options. Several studies are focusing on the development of the new drugs which either used alone or in combination with already available treatment. Along with this, several new antigens have been identified as possible targets for its vaccine development.
SUMMARY
The early diagnosis is required for selecting the best possible treatment strategy. The researchers should focus on developing new diagnostic methods and treatment options as well as vaccine development for the better management of sporotrichosis. In the long run, patient education for preventative features to reduce risk and counselling for prolonged therapy will be beneficial.
PubMed: 35313686
DOI: 10.1007/s13671-022-00358-5 -
Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical... Oct 2022To develop two (titrimetric and spectrophotometric) simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective methods for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) in pharmaceutical...
OBJECTIVES
To develop two (titrimetric and spectrophotometric) simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective methods for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The titrimetric method (A) was based on the -oxidation reaction involving the use of potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate and subsequent iodometric back titration of a known residual reagent. The spectrophotometric method (B) was based on derivatization of MCP with potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate in the presence of iodide to produce a chromogen (triiodide) with a wavelength of maximum absorption at 350 nm.
RESULTS
Method "A" was applicable over the concentration range of 0.25-3.5 mg to end volume 10 mL. In method "B", Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.3-3.5 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 24600 L/mol cm. The limits of quantification were calculated to be 0.25 mg/10 mL (A) and 0.2 μg/mL (B), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The proposed methods were suitable for determination of MCP as a pure substance in tablets and injection.
PubMed: 36317945
DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.33733 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of applying potassium iodide (KI) over silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralized root dentin in the case of...
BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of applying potassium iodide (KI) over silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralized root dentin in the case of a sustained acidogenic attack.
METHODS
Forty caries-free third molars were used in the study. A diamond disc was used to separate the roots and the tooth crowns from the roots. Each root fragment was randomly distributed in one of the four study groups: C-samples were not demineralized; DD-demineralized samples; RS1-demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI (RS-Riva Star product, SDI limited, Bayswater, Australia); RS2-demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI and submersed to another acidic challenge for 3 days. SEM and EDX were used for the morphological and elemental analysis. Vickers hardness assessment was performed using a tribometer CETR UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests were used for the statistical analysis with a significance level of < 0.05.
RESULTS
Morphological and elemental changes were observed on the surface of the study samples. Significant differences were observed between the recorded hardness values of groups C and DD ( = 0.005), C and RS2 ( = 0.002), DD and RS1 ( = 0.011); RS1 and RS2 ( = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
The application of SDF and KI (Riva Star product) on root dentin caries resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous outer layer that sealed the dentin and increased the microhardness of the treated surface. In the conditions of the present study, this layer did not provide enough protection for root dentin exposed to continuous attacks.
PubMed: 36766635
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030530 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Feb 2020Nowadays, the sorbates are the third largest group of antimicrobial preservatives in food and pharmaceutical industries, following the parabens and benzoates whose... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Nowadays, the sorbates are the third largest group of antimicrobial preservatives in food and pharmaceutical industries, following the parabens and benzoates whose safety is questioned by recent publications. A disadvantage of sorbates is their pH dependence, as their antimicrobial effect is greatly reduced in alkaline environment. The main, widely used sorbate derivatives are sorbic acid and potassium sorbate, no sorbic acid esters are involved in current industrial application. We aimed to test whether the esters of sorbic acid are capable to extend the antimicrobial spectrum of the original molecule while maintaining its advantageous biocompatibility profile. A comparative biocompatibility study of different derivatives (sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, isopropyl sorbate and ethyl sorbate) was carried out. In vitro cell viability assays of MTT (2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride) and flow cytometry with propidium iodide and annexin were performed on Caco-2 cells. In case of in vivo toxicity study, G. mellonella larvae were injected with different concentrations of the test compounds. Time-kill tests were executed on reference strains of C. albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus. According to the MTT-assay, the IC values were the following: ethyl sorbate, sorbic acid <0.045% /, isopropyl sorbate 0.32% /, potassium sorbate >0.75% /, while Neutral Red values were >0.75% / for the esters and potassium sorbate and 0.66% / for sorbic acid. Flow cytometry results indicated the higher cell damage in case of isopropyl sorbate. However, the cytotoxic results of isopropyl sorbate, in vivo toxicity study on G. mellonella larvae did not show significant mortality. It was found, that the antimicrobial properties of isopropyl sorbate were outstanding compared to sorbic acid and potassium sorbate. These results indicate, that the use of sorbate esters can be advantageous, hence, further toxicity studies are needed to prove their safety.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Candida albicans; Cell Survival; Escherichia coli; Esters; Food Preservatives; Humans; Larva; Lepidoptera; Sorbic Acid; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 31756446
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105162 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Experimental insights into the synergistic effect of 1-acetyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (AST) and iodide ions on the corrosion of C1018 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution were...
Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Synergistic Effect of Iodide Ions and 1-Acetyl-3-Thiosemicarbazide on the Corrosion Protection of C1018 Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl.
Experimental insights into the synergistic effect of 1-acetyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (AST) and iodide ions on the corrosion of C1018 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution were investigated using open-circuit potential (OCP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Theoretical studies were further undertaken using ACD/LABS Percepta software, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo simulation to understand the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition process and interpret the experimental results at the atomic and molecular levels. The electrochemical results obtained showed that AST alone inhibited the acid-induced corrosion of C1018 carbon steel. The inhibition efficiency increases with a concentration reaching up to 72.27% at 750 ppm of AST. The addition of 5 mM KI to 250 ppm of AST improved the inhibition efficiency to 81.64%. The solubility and protonated state results predicted using the ACD/LABS Percepta software showed that AST was highly soluble in the aqueous acidic medium and approximately 95% of AST exists in the neutral form in 1 M HCl (pH = 0). DFT calculations and a Monte Carlo simulation were utilized to predict the active reactivity sites of AST and calculate the lowest adsorption energy and configuration of AST alone and AST + iodide on/Fe (110)/water interface.
PubMed: 33172142
DOI: 10.3390/ma13215013