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Annals of Nuclear Medicine Jun 2022Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with radioisotopes can be used for diagnostics I) and treatment (I) in patients with neuroblastic tumors. Thyroid dysfunction has...
BACKGROUND
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with radioisotopes can be used for diagnostics I) and treatment (I) in patients with neuroblastic tumors. Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in 52% of neuroblastoma (NBL) survivors after I-MIBG, despite thyroid protection. Diagnostic I-MIBG is not considered to be hazardous for thyroid function; however, this has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in survivors of a neuroblastic tumor who received diagnostic I-MIBG only.
METHODS
Thyroid function and uptake of I in the thyroid gland after I-MIBG administrations were evaluated in 48 neuroblastic tumor survivors who had not been treated with I-MIBG. All patients had received thyroid prophylaxis consisting of potassium iodide or a combination of potassium iodide, thiamazole and thyroxine during exposure to I-MIBG.
RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, thyroid function was normal in 46 of 48 survivors (95.8%). Two survivors [prevalence 4.2% (95% CI 1.2-14.0)] had mild thyroid dysfunction. In 29.2% of the patients and 11.1% of images I uptake was visible in the thyroid. In 1 patient with thyroid dysfunction, weak uptake of I was seen on 1 of 10 images.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction does not seem to be increased in patients with neuroblastic tumors who received I-MIBG combined with thyroid protection. Randomized controlled trials are required to investigate whether administration of I-MIBG without thyroid protection is harmful to the thyroid gland.
Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Child; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neuroblastoma; Potassium Iodide; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 35499668
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01743-7 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited...
BACKGROUND
Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited treatment options, low cure rates, and high rates of relapse. This underscores the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. In this study, potassium iodide (KI) combined with Methylene Blue (MB) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) were assessed in the treatment of Fonsecaea monophora (F. monophora) both in vitro and in vivo. And the underlying mechanism that contributes to the efficacy of this treatment approach was investigated.
METHODS
In vitro experiments were conducted using different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI, and 660 nm light (60 mW/cm) to inhibit F. monophora. The study was carried out using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production of singlet oxygen (O), free iodine (I), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and superoxide anion during the KI combined MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT process was also detected. In vivo experiments were developed using a Balb/c mouse paw infection model with F. monophora and treated with PBS, 10 mM KI, 2 mM MB +100 J/cm² and 10 mM KI+2 mM MB +100 J/cm² respectively. Inflammatory swelling, fungal load and histopathological analyses of the mouse footpads were assessed.
RESULTS
KI enhanced the killing effect of MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT on the conidial spores of F. monophora at the cell and infected animal model level. During the process, the main antimicrobial agents in KI combined with MB- mediated antimicrobial PDT could produce stronger toxic active species including free I and HO CONCLUSION: KI combined with MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT could be an effective adjunct therapy for treating CBM.
PubMed: 38901715
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104255 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jul 2020The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemic scope, epidemic pattern and degree of damage of clonorchiasis as well as to summarize the diagnosis and control... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemic scope, epidemic pattern and degree of damage of clonorchiasis as well as to summarize the diagnosis and control effect of clonorchiasis in Shandong Province, China.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted to summarize the research on the dynamic epidemiology and the prevention and treatment measures of clonorchiasis in Shandong Province, China from 1962 to 2015.
RESULTS
After unremitting efforts and three nationwide surveys on the distribution and infection of human parasites, the infection rate of clonorchiasis decreased from 1.51% (1,500, 000) in the1960s to 0.16% in 1991, 0.04% in 2000 and 0.007% in 2015, respectively. The infection rate for villages with perennial water accumulation and rainy season water accumulation was higher than that of villages with rainy season water accumulation and non-water accumulation. The egg flotation in 70% potassium iodide solution method was applied to accurately test the specific proportion of C. sinensis eggs, which was 1.42. Using the modified Kato thick smear method, the detection rate of eggs was over 98%; hexachloroparaxylene yielded satisfactory therapeutic effects with slight adverse reactions, it is effective in the treatment of clonorchiasis.
CONCLUSIONS
After 50 years of active prevention and treatment, the disease has been successfully controlled in Shandong Province and had been used for reference in other endemic areas of clonorchiasis in China.
Topics: China; Clonorchiasis; Epidemics; Health Surveys; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Prevalence; Rain; Retrospective Studies; Seasons
PubMed: 32344009
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.052 -
Nutrients Feb 2021Imbalanced maternal micronutrient status, poor placentation, and oxidative stress are associated with greater risk of pregnancy complications, which impact mother and...
Imbalanced maternal micronutrient status, poor placentation, and oxidative stress are associated with greater risk of pregnancy complications, which impact mother and offspring health. As selenium, iodine, and copper are essential micronutrients with key roles in antioxidant systems, this study investigated their potential protective effects on placenta against oxidative stress. First trimester human placenta explants were treated with different concentrations of selenium (sodium selenite), iodine (potassium iodide), their combination or copper (copper (II) sulfate). The concentrations represented deficient, physiological, or super physiological levels. Oxidative stress was induced by menadione or antimycin. Placenta explants were collected, fixed, processed, and embedded for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA ICP-MS) element imaging or immunohistochemical labelling. LA ICP-MS showed that placenta could uptake selenium and copper from the media. Sodium selenite and potassium iodide reduced DNA damage and apoptosis ( < 0.05). Following oxidative stress induction, a higher concentration of sodium selenite (1.6 µM) was needed to reduce DNA damage and apoptosis while both concentrations of potassium iodide (0.5 and 1 µM) were protective ( < 0.05). A high concentration of copper (40 µM) increased apoptosis and DNA damage but this effect was no longer significant after induction of oxidative stress. Micronutrients supplementation can increase their content within the placenta and an optimal maternal micronutrient level is essential for placenta health.
Topics: Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Copper; DNA Damage; Female; Humans; Iodine; Oxidative Stress; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Selenium; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 33671070
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030800 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021This study aimed to investigate the potential role of fatty acids in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism and its complications and also in the intervention of...
Increased Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids After Treatment of Iodide Intake Adjustment and 1,25-Dihydroxy-Vitamin D Supplementation in High Iodide Intake-Induced Hypothyroid Offspring Rats.
This study aimed to investigate the potential role of fatty acids in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism and its complications and also in the intervention of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH)D] supplementation. Pregnant rats were allocated to two groups, namely, normal iodide (NI, 7.5 μg/day) intake and 100 times higher-than-normal iodide (100 HI, 750 μg/day) intake. The offspring were continuously administered potassium iodide from weaning [i.e., postnatal day 21 (PN21)] to PN90. After PN90, the offspring were either administered iodide intake adjustment (7.5 μg/day) or 1,25(OH)D supplementation (5 μg·kg·day), or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid function tests (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody), blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vitamin D3 (VD3) levels were detected by ELISA. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail-cuff system. The serum fatty acids profile was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the offspring rats with continued 100 HI administration, the levels of 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (8,9-DHET) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were decreased, while those of prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), 7-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, and 20-HDoHE were increased. Significant correlations were found between PGB2, 8,9-DHET, 7-HDoHE levels and thyroid dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE, PGB2, 8,9-DHET levels and cardiac dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE levels and hypertension, between 4-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, TXB2 levels and dyslipidemia, and between PGB2 and decreased VD3 level. After the treatment of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)D supplementation, the levels of 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (16-HETE), 18-HETE, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, PGE2, 5-oxo-ETE, and 15-oxo-ETE were increased. The significant associations between PGE2, 16-HETE, 18-HETE and improved thyroid function and also between 5,6-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, 16-HETE, 15-oxo-ETE and attenuated dyslipidemia were detected. Increased levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and HDoHEs and decreased levels of 8,9-DHET and TXB2 might occur in the progression of cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism. The increased levels of EETs and HETEs might help to ameliorate these complications after iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)D supplementation.
PubMed: 34381374
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669652 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Dec 2023Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain...
Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain unexplored as potential supramolecular host platforms for the recognition of anions. Herein, we present the first example of the rational design, synthesis, and unique recognition properties of novel fullerene-functionalized halogen-bonding (XB) heteroditopic ion-pair receptors containing cation and anion binding domains spatially separated by C. Fullerene spatial separation of the XB donors and the crown ether complexed potassium cation resulted in a rare example of an artificial receptor containing two anion binding sites with opposing preferences for hard and soft halides. Importantly, the incorporation of the C motif into the heteroditopic receptor structure has a significant effect on the halide binding selectivity, which is further amplified upon K cation binding. The potassium cation complexed fullerene-based receptors exhibit enhanced selectivity for the soft polarizable iodide ion which is assisted by the C scaffold preorganizing the potent XB-based binding domains, anion-π interactions, and the exceptional polarizability of the fullerene moiety, as evidenced from DFT calculations. These observations serve to highlight the unique properties of fullerene surfaces for proximal charged guest binding with potential applications in construction of selective molecular sensors and modulating the properties of solar cell devices.
PubMed: 38060428
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07774 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2021Objective Painless thyroiditis (PT) is characterized by transient hyperthyroidism with a low Tc uptake. We herein describe 11 cases of PT that occurred during treatment...
Objective Painless thyroiditis (PT) is characterized by transient hyperthyroidism with a low Tc uptake. We herein describe 11 cases of PT that occurred during treatment with potassium iodide (KI) for Graves' disease (GD). Methods From August 2016 to December 2018, 11 women with GD who developed PT during treatment with KI were enrolled. Of these patients, 10 discontinued antithyroid drug (ATD) because of side effects and began KI, and 1 patient switched from thiamazole to KI because she was planning a pregnancy. The mean patient age was 40.1 years old. Thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibodies including anti thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), and M22-TRAb, and the Tc uptake were evaluated at the time of PT. Results All 11 women patients presented with transient thyrotoxicosis in which Tc scans revealed a low uptake of 0.34±0.15% (normal 0.70-1.02%). M22-TRAb was absent in all cases except for one (2.4 IU/L), whereas TgAb and TPOAb were present in 10 and 6 cases, respectively. Ten patients returned to a euthyroid status without passing through the post-hypothyroid phase, and one patient underwent total thyroidectomy during the euthyroid phase of PT. Only four patients require beta-blocker therapy. All patients with KI-induced PT except 1 displayed GD remission during a mean observation period of 23.3 months, and 1 patient had recurrence of GD after PT. Conclusion We encountered 11 GD patients who developed PT during treatment with KI, which was initiated after ATD had been discontinued due to side effects.
Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Thyroiditis; Thyrotoxicosis
PubMed: 33431733
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6411-20 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2021Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by...
Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by agronomic biofortification. Therefore, in this study two field experiments were conducted under orchard conditions to assess the potential of I biofortification of apples and pears by foliar fertilization. Fruit trees were sprayed at various times during the growing season with solutions containing I in different concentrations and forms. In addition, tests were carried out to establish whether the effect of I sprays can be improved by co-application of potassium nitrate (KNO) and sodium selenate (NaSeO). Iodine accumulation in apple and pear fruits was dose-dependent, with a stronger response to potassium iodide (KI) than potassium iodate (KIO). In freshly harvested apple and pear fruits, 51% and 75% of the biofortified iodine was localized in the fruit peel, respectively. The remaining I was translocated into the fruit flesh, with a maximum of 3% reaching the core. Washing apples and pears with running deionized water reduced their I content by 14%. To achieve the targeted accumulation level of 50-100 μg I per 100 g fresh mass in washed and unpeeled fruits, foliar fertilization of 1.5 kg I per hectare and meter canopy height was required when KIO was applied. The addition of KNO and NaSeO to I-containing spray solutions did not affect the I content in fruits. However, the application of KNO increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits by up to 1.0 °Brix compared to the control, and NaSeO in the spray solution increased the fruit selenium (Se) content. Iodine sprays caused leaf necrosis, but without affecting the development and marketing quality of the fruits. Even after three months of cold storage, no adverse effects of I fertilization on general fruit characteristics were observed, however, I content of apples decreased by 20%.
PubMed: 33719316
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638671 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Jun 2022Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from the inadequacy of the body to secrete and respond to insulin. If not...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from the inadequacy of the body to secrete and respond to insulin. If not properly managed or diagnosed on time, diabetes can pose a risk to vital body organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels and so can be life-threatening. The many years of research in computational diagnosis of diabetes have pointed to machine learning to as a viable solution for the prediction of diabetes. However, the accuracy rate to date suggests that there is still much room for improvement. In this paper, we are proposing a machine learning framework for diabetes prediction and diagnosis using the PIMA Indian dataset and the laboratory of the Medical City Hospital (LMCH) diabetes dataset. We hypothesize that adopting feature selection and missing value imputation methods can scale up the performance of classification models in diabetes prediction and diagnosis.
METHODS
In this paper, a robust framework for building a diabetes prediction model to aid in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes is proposed. The framework includes the adoption of Spearman correlation and polynomial regression for feature selection and missing value imputation, respectively, from a perspective that strengthens their performances. Further, different supervised machine learning models, the random forest (RF) model, support vector machine (SVM) model, and our designed twice-growth deep neural network (2GDNN) model are proposed for classification. The models are optimized by tuning the hyperparameters of the models using grid search and repeated stratified k-fold cross-validation and evaluated for their ability to scale to the prediction problem.
RESULTS
Through experiments on the PIMA Indian and LMCH diabetes datasets, precision, sensitivity, F1-score, train-accuracy, and test-accuracy scores of 97.34%, 97.24%, 97.26%, 99.01%, 97.25 and 97.28%, 97.33%, 97.27%, 99.57%, 97.33, are achieved with the proposed 2GDNN model, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The data preprocessing approaches and the classifiers with hyperparameter optimization proposed within the machine learning framework yield a robust machine learning model that outperforms state-of-the-art results in diabetes mellitus prediction and diagnosis. The source code for the models of the proposed machine learning framework has been made publicly available.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Machine Learning; Neural Networks, Computer; Potassium Iodide; Support Vector Machine
PubMed: 35429810
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106773 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Dec 2023The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollution from the environment is a globally pressing issue, due to some PFAS' recalcitrant, bioaccumulative,...
The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollution from the environment is a globally pressing issue, due to some PFAS' recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and carcinogenic nature. Destruction via ultrasonic waves (sonolysis) is a promising contender for industrialisation due to; moderate power consumption, applicability to several PFAS and sample types, and limited by-products. Liquid flow rate through an ultrasonic reactor can affect the size, shape, and spatial distribution of ultrasonic cavities and hence their chemical activity. Such effects have not been studied during PFAS sonolysis, and temporal effects have not been studied much beyond the reactant concentration. Here, the effects of varying recirculating flow rate on the ultrasonic defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and implications for industrial scale up are presented. Under the ultrasonic power (200 W L, 2.27 W cm) and frequency (410 kHz) used, flow rates of 79 and 214 ml min enhanced defluorination up to 14 % during 30 min of treatment. However, these effects were temporal and most significant in the initial minutes of treatment. This indicated a dynamic bubble size distribution which stabilised after around 15 min. Defluorination rates of PFOS were compared with measured potassium iodide dosimetry, calorimetry, sonoluminescence (SL), and sonochemiluminescence (SCL). Flow rates which enhanced defluorination correlated moderately with enhanced SCL and negatively impacted SL, calorimetry, and dosimetry. Effects were attributed to perturbed cavity surfaces, leading to asymmetric cavity collapse, and the possibility of enhanced solvated electron production/interaction. SL, SCL, dosimetry, and calorimetric measurements were also temporal, and each showed different times to equilibrate. Flow rates of 439 and 889 ml min returned all sonochemical measurements to the levels without flow, likely due to continued collapse temperature quenching by furthered bubble asymmetry. Flow also enhanced reactor cooling, which is significant for industrial temperature control. The pump energy consumed was small (≈1.9 %) compared to that of the amplifier and chiller, hence, PFOS defluorination was more cost-effective using flow. However, the effect may be limited for the longer treatment times needed for environmental remediation.
PubMed: 38039593
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106667