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Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Dec 2020To date, paediatric thyroid cancer has been the most severe health consequence of the Chernobyl accident, caused by radioactive iodine (I) aerosol's dispersion. WHO...
BACKGROUND
To date, paediatric thyroid cancer has been the most severe health consequence of the Chernobyl accident, caused by radioactive iodine (I) aerosol's dispersion. WHO recommends a single dose of potassium iodide (KI) to reduce this risk. Following the Fukushima accident, it became obvious that repetitive doses of KI may be necessary due to multiple exposures to I. Knowledge about the effects of repeated ITB (Iodine Thyroid Blocking) is scarce and controversial. KI may affect the thyroid hormones synthesis; which is crucial for the cardiovascular function. Furthermore, myocardial and vascular endothelial tissues are sensitizes to subtle changes at the concentration of circulating pituitary and/or thyroid hormones.
OBJECTIVE
In this preclinical study, we aimed to assess the effects of repeated ITB in elderly male rats.
METHODS
Twelve months old male rats were subjected to either KI or saline solution for eight days. Analyses were performed 24 h and 30 days after the treatment discontinuation.
FINDINGS
We reported a significant increase (18%) in some urinary parameters related to renal function, a subtle decrease of plasma TSH level, a significant increase (379%) in renin and a significant decrease (50%) in aldosterone upon KI administration. At the molecular level, the expression of thyroid and cardiovascular genes was significantly affected by the treatment. However, in our experimental settlement, animal heart rate was not significantly affected thirty days after KI discontinuation. ECG patterns did not change after administration of KI, and arrhythmia was not observed in these conditions despite the PR-intervals decreased significantly. Cardiovascular physiology was preserved.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that repeated ITB in elderly rats is characterized by molecular modifications of cardiovascular key actors, particularly the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis with a preserved physiological homeostasis. This new scientific evidence may be useful for the maturation of ITB guidelines especially for elderly sub-population.
PubMed: 33024842
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100816 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023This study aimed to investigate the use of selected pumpkin varieties as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO) at different concentrations (2.3,...
This study aimed to investigate the use of selected pumpkin varieties as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO) at different concentrations (2.3, 0.23, and 0.023 mg/100 g). It was hypothesized that the concentrations and form of iodine fortification in pumpkins affect the antioxidant activity of pumpkins. The results showed a high recovery of the introduced iodine in all pumpkin varieties after drying, as well as high iodine stability during storage, especially for KIO. However, statistical analysis confirmed a relationship between the forms and concentration of iodine and the ABTS cation radical and the DPPH radical test results. In the systems with iodine concentration at 0.023 and 0.23 mg/100 g, the antioxidant activity did not change. However, for all pumpkin varieties fortified with a KIO concentration at 3.9 mg/100 g (2.3 mg/100 g of iodine), a statistically significant decrease in free-radical scavenging was confirmed. Therefore, for maximum effectiveness in pumpkin's free-radical scavenging indices, it is suggested to introduce iodine in the form of KI and KIO, but in controlled concentrations. However, KIO should be added at a maximum amount of 0.39 mg/100 g.
PubMed: 37509884
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142792 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Apr 2022Defunctionalization of readily available feedstocks to provide alkenes for the synthesis of multifunctional molecules represents an extremely useful process in organic...
Defunctionalization of readily available feedstocks to provide alkenes for the synthesis of multifunctional molecules represents an extremely useful process in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a transition metal-free, simple and efficient strategy to access alkyl 1,2-bis(boronate esters) via regio- and diastereoselective diboration of secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (Br, Cl, I), tosylates, and alcohols. Control experiments demonstrated that the key to this high reactivity and selectivity is the addition of a combination of potassium iodide and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). The practicality and industrial potential of this transformation are demonstrated by its operational simplicity, wide functional group tolerance, and the late-stage modification of complex molecules. From a drug discovery perspective, this synthetic method offers control of the position of diversification and diastereoselectivity in complex ring scaffolds, which would be especially useful in a lead optimization program.
Topics: Alcohols; Alkenes; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Esters; Inorganic Chemicals; Transition Elements
PubMed: 35179269
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200480 -
Journal of Medical Cases Apr 2024In pediatric-aged patients, hyperthyroidism generally results from the autoimmune disorder, Graves' disease (GD). Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine...
In pediatric-aged patients, hyperthyroidism generally results from the autoimmune disorder, Graves' disease (GD). Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) result in irritability, emotional lability, nervousness, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. The risk of morbidity and mortality is increased when surgical intervention is required in patients with hyperthyroidism due to the potential for the development of thyroid storm (TS). A 3-year, 1-month-old child with a past medical history of GD presented for total thyroidectomy when pharmacologic control with methimazole was not feasible due to intolerance following development of a serum sickness-like illness. Prior to surgery, his thyrotoxicosis symptoms worsened with fever, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and hypertension. He subsequently developed TS and was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit where management included hydrocortisone, potassium iodide, and β-adrenergic blockade with esmolol and propranolol. Thyroid studies improved prior to surgery, and a total thyroidectomy was successfully completed. Corticosteroid therapy was slowly tapered as an outpatient, and he was discharged home on hospital day 9. Following discharge, his signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis resolved, and he was started on oral levothyroxine replacement therapy. The remainder of his postoperative and post-discharge course were unremarkable. Only two case reports of perioperative pediatric TS have been published in the past 20 years. Our case serves as an important reminder of the signs of TS in children and to outline the treatment options in a pediatric patient, especially in those unable to tolerate first-line pharmacologic therapies such as methimazole or propylthiouracil.
PubMed: 38646421
DOI: 10.14740/jmc4197 -
International Journal of Emergency... Mar 2023Subarachnoid hemorrhage and thyroid storm are similar in their clinical symptomatology, and diagnosis of these conditions, when they occur simultaneously, is difficult....
BACKGROUND
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and thyroid storm are similar in their clinical symptomatology, and diagnosis of these conditions, when they occur simultaneously, is difficult. Here, we report a rare case of concurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage and thyroid storm we encountered at our hospital.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a 52-year-old woman. While bathing at home, the patient experienced a sudden disturbance of consciousness and was brought to our hospital. The main physical findings upon admittance were Glasgow Coma Scale score of E1V2M4, elevated blood pressure (208/145 mmHg), and tachycardia with atrial fibrillation (180 bpm) along with body temperature of 36.1 °C. Brain computed tomography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with a ruptured aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery branching from the left internal carotid artery, and aneurysm clipping was performed. Blood tests upon admission revealed high levels of free T3 and free T4 and low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Upon determining that the patient had hyperthyroidism, thiamazole was administered. However, due to continuous impaired consciousness, fever, and persistence of tachycardia, the patient was diagnosed with thyroid storm. Oral potassium iodide and hydrocortisone were added to the treatment. The treatment was successful as the patient's symptoms improved, and she became lucid. In this case, we believe that in the presence of untreated hyperthyroidism, the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage induced thyroid storm. Tachycardia of 130 bpm or higher, which is the diagnostic criterion for thyroid storm, rarely occurs with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, we believe it is an important factor for recognizing the presence of the thyroid storm. In this case, clipping surgery was prioritized which resulted in a favorable outcome. However, it is possible that invasive surgery may have exacerbated thyroid storm, suggesting that treatment should be tailored as per patient's condition.
CONCLUSION
If a pulse rate of 130 bpm or higher is observed alongside subarachnoid hemorrhage, we recommend considering the possibility of concomitant thyroid storm and testing for thyroid hormone. If concomitant thyroid storm is present, we believe that a treatment plan tailored to the patient's condition is critical, and early diagnosis will lead to a favorable outcome for the patient.
PubMed: 36858963
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00490-4 -
Microbiological Research Apr 2023The strong antifungal effect of sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) with an encapsulated tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) photosensitizer is reported here. TPP is...
The strong antifungal effect of sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) with an encapsulated tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) photosensitizer is reported here. TPP is activated by visible light, resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen. Its antifungal action is potentiated in the presence of potassium iodide, yielding I/I⁻, another antifungal species. The NPs exhibit no dark toxicity, but a broad spectrum of antifungal photodynamic effects. The efficiency of this rapid killing (on the order of minutes) depends on the concentration of TPP NPs, potassium iodide, yeast species and temperature. A strong antifungal activity of TPP NPs is demonstrated on eleven pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic yeast species (six Candida species and other yeast species, including melanized Hortaea werneckii). The composition and architecture of yeast cell envelope structures clearly influence the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Candida krusei is the most sensitive to photodynamic therapy. Despite expectations, melanin does not provide Hortaea cells with marked resistance compared to white yeast species. The kinetics of the interaction of NPs with yeast cells is also described. This study may inspire and promote the fabrication of a new type of antiseptic for various skin injuries in clinical medicine.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Antifungal Agents; Potassium Iodide; Photochemotherapy; Nanoparticles; Porphyrins
PubMed: 36641862
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127303 -
Heliyon Jul 2020to compare arrest rates and colour change in carious lesions in primary teeth using two different silver fluoride solutions with and without potassium iodide (KI).
OBJECTIVES
to compare arrest rates and colour change in carious lesions in primary teeth using two different silver fluoride solutions with and without potassium iodide (KI).
METHODS
The study was a four-armed, parallel-design randomised controlled trial and investigated four protocols for caries arrest at 6m. Children in Group 1 and Group 2 received Rivastar Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF), and Children in Group 3 and Group 4 received an aqueous silver fluoride solution (AgF). Children in Group 2 and Group 4 received a two-step procedure where application of the AgF or SDF solution was followed by KI.
RESULTS
At the six-month follow-up 446 (82.2%) children were re-examined. The arrest rate across the full sample was 51.4% and there were no significant differences in arrest rate by type of silver fluoride therapy. The lesion size, tooth type, surface type, presence of plaque on the carious lesion and caries increment all had an influence on caries arrest. Once clustering effects were accounted for, the use of KI was associated with a higher chance of arrest (OR 1.23; P-value 0.008) and a lower chance of the lesion darkening (OR 0.73; P-value <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of AgF & KI was associated with the most favourable clinical outcomes in terms of caries arrest and lesion colour.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The major draw-back of arrest of caries treatment with silver fluoride solutions is that it can create an appearance which may be aesthetically unacceptable. This study explores ways in which the base colour of lesions could be improved and as such provide the opportunity for better aesthetic outcomes for children afflicted with a severe burden of dental caries in their primary dentition, and in whom conventional treatment is not being provided.
PubMed: 32715116
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04287 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2023Dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, but information on predictors of treatment response and...
Dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, but information on predictors of treatment response and response time is limited. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated predictive factors that influenced the treatment response and duration required to observe a response in dogs with PIMA receiving continuous immunosuppressive therapies for more than 105 days. Of 50 client-owned dogs that developed PIMA, 27 were included in this study, of which 18 were responders and 9 were non-responders to immunosuppressive therapies. Sixteen of the 18 responders responded to treatment within 60 days and the remaining 2 responded at 93 and 126 days, respectively. We found that an erythroid-maturation ratio of <0.17 may be a useful predictor for treatment response. In addition, complications of immunosuppressive therapies were investigated further in 50 dogs. Pancreatitis (n=4) and pneumonia (3) occurred over the entire treatment period, and infections such as abscesses (3) tended to be more common in dogs on an extended period of immunosuppressive therapy. These findings may be helpful when planning for the initial treatment and may provide evidence for informed consent about potential comorbidities throughout the treatment course.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Retrospective Studies; Potassium Iodide; Anemia; Immunosuppression Therapy; Dog Diseases; Immunosuppressive Agents
PubMed: 37245993
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0010 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2021Globally, has been an increase in the use of silver fluoride products to arrest carious lesions and a variety of products are available. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Globally, has been an increase in the use of silver fluoride products to arrest carious lesions and a variety of products are available.
OBJECTIVES
To examine differences in caries arrest and lesion colour of primary tooth carious lesions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A four-armed, parallel-design cluster-randomised controlled trial which investigated four protocols for caries arrest at 6m and 12m. Children in Group 1 and Group 2 received Rivastar Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF), and children in Group 3 and Group 4 received a stabilised aqueous silver fluoride solution (AgF). Children in Group 2 and Group 4 received an additional application of KI immediately after the fluoride. Differences in caries arrest and lesion appearance were examined at 6m and 12m using two level logistic regression modelling.
RESULTS
The arrest rate varied by group membership; group 1 and group 3 had higher arrest rates (77.3% and 75.3% respectively) than group 2 and group 4 (65.4% and 51.2% respectively). The use of KI was also associated with lower odds of arrest (12m OR 0.25; CI 0.19, 0.34) and higher odds of avoiding black discolouration (12m OR 6.08; 2.36, 15.67).
CONCLUSIONS
Globally, has been an increase in the use of silver fluoride products to arrest carious lesions and a variety of products are available. This study demonstrated that both AgF and SDF can effectively arrest carious lesions on primary teeth. The use of KI is associated with poorer caries control but better aesthetic outcomes.
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Fluorides; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Silver Compounds; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33370847
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.367 -
Korean Journal of Radiology Mar 2022To compare pneumonic-type invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (pIMA) confined to a single lobe with clinical T2, T3, and T4 stage lung cancer without pathological node...
OBJECTIVE
To compare pneumonic-type invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (pIMA) confined to a single lobe with clinical T2, T3, and T4 stage lung cancer without pathological node metastasis regarding survival after curative surgery and to identify prognostic factors for pIMA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 2010 to December 2017, 41 patients (15 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 66.0 ± 9.9 years) who had pIMA confined to a single lobe on computed tomography (CT) and underwent curative surgery were identified in two tertiary hospitals. Three hundred and thirteen patients (222 male; 66.3 ± 9.4 years) who had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without pathological node metastasis and underwent curative surgery in one participating institution formed a reference group. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the survival of patients with pIMA.
RESULTS
The 5-year RFS and OS rates in patients with pIMA were 33.1% and 56.0%, respectively, compared with 74.3% and 91%, 64.3% and 71.8%, and 46.9% and 49.5% for patients with clinical stage T2, T3, and T4 NSCLC in the reference group, respectively. The RFS of patients with pIMA was comparable to that of patients with clinical stage T4 NSCLC and significantly worse than that of patients with clinical stage T3 NSCLC ( = 0.012). The differences in OS between patients with pIMA and those with clinical stage T3 or T4 NSCLC were not significant ( = 0.11 and = 0.37, respectively). In patients with pIMA, the presence of separate nodules was a significant factor associated with poor RFS and OS {unadjusted hazard ratio (HR), 4.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95-11.11), < 0.001 for RFS; adjusted HR, 4.53 (95% CI, 1.59-12.89), = 0.005 for OS}.
CONCLUSION
The RFS of patients with pIMA was comparable to that of patients with clinical stage T4 lung cancer. Separate nodules on CT were associated with poor RFS and OS in patients with pIMA.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Potassium Iodide; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35213098
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2021.0465